Anatomy & Physiology 102

Cardiovascular System

Section 6, Chapter 15

•Aorta - Main trunk of the systemic circulation.

•Divisions of the aorta

•Aortic root = attachment to heart

•Ascending Aorta

Arterial Divisions

•Aortic arch

•Thoracic aorta

•Abdominal aorta

STRUCTURES AT AORTIC ROOT

1. Aortic Valve1. Aortic Valve

2. Aortic Sinus - Swelling at aortic root

3. Aortic Bodies

• Chemoreceptors - monitor CO2 & O2 levels in blood

4. Right and left coronary arteries

Right Coronary Artery branches

• Posterior interventricular artery:

• supplies walls of both ventricles

• Marginal artery:

• supplies right atrium and right ventricle

Coronary Arteries

Left Coronary Artery branches

• Anterior interventricular artery:

• supplies walls of both ventricles

• Circumflex Artery:

• supplies left atrium and left ventricle

Blocked coronary artery = myocardial infarction

1. Brachiocephalic artery

• Right common carotid artery:

supplies right neck and head

• Right subclavian artery:

supplies right arm

Branches of Aortic Arch

2. Left common carotid artery

• supplies left neck and head

3. Left subclavian artery

• Supplies left arm

Branches of Thoracic Aorta

Grant’s Anatomy. Branches of the thoracic aorta

1. Bronchial Arteries – supplies bronchi

2. Pericardial artery – supplies pericardium

3. Esophageal arteries – supplies esophagus

Branches of Abdominal Aorta

Phrenic arteries

• supply diaphragm

Celiac Trunk

1. Gastric a. - supply stomach

2. Splenic a. – supply spleen & pancreas

3. Hepatic a. – supplies liver with O2 blood

Suprarenal a

Superior Mesenteric a.

• Supplies small intestine

Suprarenal a.

• Supplies adrenal glands

Branches of Abdominal Aorta

Gonadal arteries.

• Male = testicular arteries

• Female = Ovarian arteries

Renal arteries

• Supplies kidneys

Lumbar arteries

• Supplies skin and muscles of lower back

Inferior mesenteric artery

• Supplies most of large intestine

Divisions of Common Carotid Arteries

1. External Carotid Arteries

• Supplies blood to

face, neck, and scalp

2. Internal Carotid Arteries

Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck

2. Internal Carotid Arteries

• Supplies blood to brain

• Provides 75% of blood to

brain

Carotid Sinus - point of bifurcation

• Carotid bodies – chemoreceptors

• Carotid baroreceptors

• Common site of stenosis (narrowing)

Branches of Internal Carotid Artery

1. Ophthalmic artery

• supplies eyes

2. Anterior cerebral artery

• supplies medial surface of brain

Internal carotid arteries

Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck

3. Middle cerebral artery

• Supplies lateral surface of brain

Vertebral Arteries

• Provides 25% of blood supply to brain

• Branch from subclavian arteries

Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck

• Pass through transverse

foramen of cervical vertebrae

•Enter skull through foramen

magnum

Basilar Artery• Both vertebral arteries merge to form a basilar

artery at the base of the brain.

• Supplies blood to brainstem

• Branch: Posterior cerebral artery

Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck

• Branch: Posterior cerebral artery

•Supplies occipital and temporal lobes

Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)

• Joins the internal carotid arteries with basilar artery at base of brain

• Provides anastomoses (alternate routes) for blood flow

Arteries to the Brain, Head, and Neck

Arteries to the Shoulder

and Upper Limb

Axillary Artery

• Arises from subclavian artery

Brachial Artery

• Continuation of axillary artery

• Used for measuring blood pressure

Ulnar Artery

• Continues along medial arm to wrist

Radial Artery

• Continues along lateral arm

to wrist

• Convenient vessel for taking

your pulse

Veins that drain the head

and neck

Internal Jugular Veins

• Drains blood from brain and

External Jugular Veins

• Drains blood from face, scalp, and neck

Dural Venous Sinuses

• Located between 2 layers of dura mater

• Major CSF draining pathway from brain

• Drains blood from brain and

deep face

• Arise from dural sinuses

Veins that drain the arm

Ulnar & Radial Veins

• drain forearm and hands

• Merge for form brachial veins

Basilic Vein

• Located on medial aspect of arm

• Joins the brachial vein near the axilla

Axillary Vein

Cephalic Vein

• Courses upward on the lateral arm

• Joins axillary vein to form subclavian vein

Axillary Vein

• Formed from the merging of basilic and

brachial veins

Median Cubital Vein

• Joins basilic and cephalic veins at elbow

• Often the site of venipuncture

Hepatic Portal System

Portal System – drains blood

from one capillary bed into a

second capillary bed.

Hepatic Portal Vein (HPV)

• Carries nutrient rich blood • Carries nutrient rich blood

from abdominal viscera to

the liver for processing

Hepatic Portal SystemTributaries of Hepatic Portal Vein

• Gastric vein – blood from stomach

• Splenic vein – blood from spleen &

pancreas

• Superior mesenteric vein – blood

from small intestine

• Inferior mesenteric vein – blood

from large intestinefrom large intestine

Abdominal Sinusoids Inferior

viscera HPV of Liver Hepatic Vein Vena Cava heart

Pathway of Hepatic Portal System

End of Chapter 15