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Section Heading
Why Tall -
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GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA CAIRO, 2560-2540 BC
THE EIFFEL TOWER PARIS, 1889
CHRYSTLER BUILDING NEW YORK, 1930
WILLIS TOWER CHICAGO, 1974
PETRONAS TOWERS KUALA LUMPUR, 1998
TAIPEI 101 TAIPEI, 2004
BURJ KHALIFA DUBAI, 2010
146.5M
324M 319M
442M 452M
509M
828M
1. Land price
2. Return on investment (the height threshold)
3. Branding "Landmarks" making a statement
4. Skyline "town planning"
5. Rapid urbanization
6. Climate Change
Cost Drivers -
› Shape
› Structural Solution
› Facade Specification
› Environmental Strategy
› Vertical Transportation
› Market Condition
Cost Drivers -
15%
10%
30%
25%
10%
10%
CONSTRUCTION COST
Structures Floors
Stuctures Footings & Verticals
Services MEP and Fire
Facade (Cladding)
Lifts
Finishes
Cost Drivers -
Cost Drivers - Example:
The Pad H = 3.5m floor to floor height.
Floor plate area = 1005 m2
Rectangle A fac = 524m2 > ratio = 0.52
Square A fac = 444m2 > ratio = 0.44
Circle A fac = 393m2 > ratio = 0.39
Cost Drivers -
The Pad -
3B + G + P + M + 24 + R
Original Design -
Wall thickness = 500mm
Original Design -
Revised Design -
Wall thickness = 200 mm
Area freed up approx. 300m2
Revised Design -
The Slope 6°-
Load Path -
Modelling ETABS -
Mode Shapes -
Story Drifts -
Story Drifts -
Case Shapes -
Case Shapes -
Case Studies -
Section Heading
Case Study -
Case Study -