Section in review

Polar vs Non Polar

Hydrophobic

Hydrophillic

Binding specificity

- Shape is important- Charge is important

Water

Hydrogen Bonding

Water molecules bond together in this fashion, explains the concept of water cohesion / surface tension

BIOMACROMOLECULES

Class of Biomacromolecule Sub unit / Monomer Cellular functions

Lipids Fatty acids & GlycerolEster Bond

Energy storage, membranes, signalling molecules

Complex CarbsPolysaccharides

Simple sugar monomersGlycosidic bond

Energy store, structure

Nucleic AcisPolynucleotides

Nucelotide monomersPhosphdiester bond

Information storage

ProteinsPolypeptides

Amino acid monomersPeptide bond

Control and regulate processes, transport, acts as receptors, structure

Condensation reaction

O - H O - HMonomer Monomer

Enzyme

H2O O

DNA vs RNA

5 prime

3 prime5 prime

3 prime

Why does each side of the DNA helix run opposite directions?

What do I need to know about RNA

mRNA – Messenger RNA is a messenger copy of DNA that is taken to the ribosomes

tRNA – Transfer RNA brings amino acids to a grove in the ribosomes where they can be linked together to form proteins

rRNA – Ribosomal RNA works with enzymes to speed up the assembly of amino acids into peptide chains

Making amino acids

Protein functional diversity

PROTEINS

FIBROUS PROTEINS

(structural)

GLOBULAR PROTEINS

(functional)

Insoluble, provide support and shape to

the cell and are components in

structural features such as membranes

Soluble

Catalytic proteins – ie enzymesMotility Proteins – ie flagella

Regulatory proteins – membrane receptors

PHOTOSYNTHESIS INPUT / OUTPUTLIGHT REACTIONS

INPUT OUTPUT

H2OADPPNADP

NADPHATPO2

CALVIN CYCLE

INPUT OUTPUT

ATPNADPHCO2

C6H12O6 (6 carbon chain)O2ADP + PNADPPGAL – (3 carbon chain)