secure coding for java - an introduction

Secure Coding for Java (an introduc3on)Java User Group Poitou-‐Charentes (Niort)

27 Juin 2013

Sébas3en [email protected] Leader OWASP France

Friday, June 28, 13

mailto:[email protected]


http://www.google.fr/#q=sebastien gioria

‣OWASP France Leader & Founder & Evangelist

‣Innovation & Technology @ Advens

Twitter :@SPoint / @OWASP_France

2

‣Application Security group leader for the CLUSIF

‣Proud father of youngs kids trying to hack my digital life.

Ne vous inquietez pas c’est le seul slide en anglais, par contre il y aura des trucs d’écrits partout en bas...

Friday, June 28, 13

http://www.google.fr/#

http://www.google.fr/#

ForeWords

• This is a presenta,on made from my own experience with some company using OWASP materials.

• Only the documents from OWASP wiki are OWASP officials (see hEps://www.owasp.org)

• Some extracts come from document I wrote as OWASP leader, this is why you could find it elsewhere.

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https://www.owasp.org

https://www.owasp.org

• Applica,on Security :–where we are (no bullshit)–where we are (hopefully) going ?

• Using OWASP materials to secure code• Secure Coding principles

Agenda

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Introduc3on

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Why Applica0on Security ?

64

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64

Your Application

been Hacked

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64

Your Application

been Hacked YES

Friday, June 28, 13


64

Your Application

been Hacked

NO

YES

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64

Your Application

will be Hacked ;)

Your Application

been Hacked

NO

YES

Friday, June 28, 13


64

Your Application

will be Hacked ;)

Your Application

been Hacked

YES

NO

YES

Friday, June 28, 13


64

Your Application

will be Hacked ;)

Your Application

been Hacked

YES

NO

NO

YES

Friday, June 28, 13


6

Let Me take you on the right way 4

Your Application

will be Hacked ;)

Your Application

been Hacked

YES

NO

NO

YES

Friday, June 28, 13


6

My Application will be hacked !


Your Application

will be Hacked ;)

Your Application

been Hacked

YES

NO

NO

YES

Friday, June 28, 13


6

My Application will be hacked !


Your Application

will be Hacked ;)

Your Application

been Hacked

YES

NO

NO

YES

NextStep

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We are living in a Digital environment, in a Connected World

vMost of websites vulnerable to aTacks

vImportant % of web-‐based Business (Services, Online Store, Self-‐care, Telcos, SCADA, ...)


Age of An0virus Age of Network Security

Age of Applica0on Security

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Consequences of bad or no security

–IdenPty theQ–Hardware theQ–IT downPme –Bad Media coverage–Financials loss–Customers loss–Legals/business penalty

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What Verizon (PCI-‐DSS company) said ?

© Verizon 2012

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© Verizon 2012

Verizon Study

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Verizon study

11© Verizon 2012

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12(c) WhiteHatSecurity 2013

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What you CIO Said : I got a Firewall !

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What your business user said : I have SSL based Web Site

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What your business user said : only the hacker can aMack my website

• Tools are more and more simples.

• Try a simple request on google website on SQL InjecPon and look at it.

• An aEack on a Web Server cost 100$/200$ per day on the underground market.

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What your user said : a vulnerability on internal ApplicaPon is not criPcal.

• No, The web is anywhere, and CSRF, HTML5 CORS and more can make this complete destrucPve

• Be aware and share this : • AJAX doing a lot of things without you

• Be aware and share this : • HTML5 will come with “nice” user funcPonality , but with big impact on security (WebSocket, CORS, ...)

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But I do Security tesPng !

17

Security Tes3ng

Coding

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Majors OWASP publications you can use

All are on the wiki https://www.owasp.orgAll are under GPL or friendly licensesMajors publications you can use to secure

your projects/SDLC

Building Guide

Code Review Guide Testing Guide

Application Security Desk Reference (ASDR)

Top10 reference this 3 guides

Ø OWASP Top10Ø Auditor/Testing GuideØ Code Review GuideØ Building GuideØ Application Security Verification

Standard (ASVS)Ø Secure Coding Practices

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http://www.owasp.org

http://www.owasp.org

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Learn

Friday, June 28, 13

Learn Contract

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Learn Contract Design

Friday, June 28, 13

Learn Contract Design

Build

Friday, June 28, 13

Learn Contract

Test

Design

Build

Friday, June 28, 13

Learn Contract

Test

Design

Build Progress

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OWASP Applica,on Security Verifica,on Standard

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What is ASVS ?

• A standard that provides a basis for the verificaPon of web applicaPons applicaPon-‐independent.

• A standard life-‐cycle model independent.• A standard that define requirements that can be applied across applicaPons without special interpretaPon. 43

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What are ASVS responses ?

• How much trust can be placed in a web applicaPon?

•What features should be built into security controls?

• How do I acquire a web applicaPon that is verified to have a certain range in coverage and level of rigor?

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ASVS secure controls requirements

Security AreaLevel

1A

Level

1B

Level

2A

Level

2BLevel 3 Level 4

V1 – Security Architecture Verification Requirements 1 1 2 2 4 5

V2 – Authentication Verification Requirements 3 2 9 13 13 14

V3 – Session Management Verification Requirements 4 1 6 7 8 9

V4 – Access Control Verification Requirements 5 1 12 13 14 15

V5 – Input Validation Verification Requirements 3 1 5 7 8 9

V6 – Output Encoding/Escaping Verification Requirements 0 1 2 8 9 10

V7 – Cryptography Verification Requirements 0 0 2 8 9 10

V8 – Error Handling and Logging Verification Requirements 1 1 2 8 8 9

V9 – Data Protection Verification Requirements 1 1 2 3 4 4

V10 – Communication Security Verification Requirements 1 0 3 6 8 8

V11 – HTTP Security Verification Requirements 3 3 6 6 7 7

V12 – Security Configuration Verification Requirements 0 0 0 2 3 4

V13 – Malicious Code Search Verification Requirements 0 0 0 0 0 5

V14 – Internal Security Verification Requirements 0 0 0 0 1 3

Totals 22 12 51 83 96 112

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But ASVS stand for VerificaPon ?

• ASVS just said funcPonals needs for controls. • You should use it as a Secure Coding Policy.

★Don’t be medium(ASVS Level1/2), just target excellence (ASVS Level 4)

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Using ASVS as a secure coding policy

• ASVS : Verify that all password fields do not echo the user’s password when it is entered.➡All Password fields must be define as HTML password fields and must not echo user password.

➡All login forms must include autocomplete=off tag

• ASVS : Verify that all input validaPon is performed on the server side. ➡Performs all input valida,on on the server. Nothing in the browser

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Posi,ve aatude

Nega0ve

The tester shall search for XSS holesPosi0ve

Verify that the applica0on performs input valida0on and output encoding on all user input

See: hTp://www.owasp.org/index.php/XSS_(Cross_Site_Scrip0ng)_Preven0on_Cheat_Sheet

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http://www.owasp.org/index.php/XSS_(Cross_Site_Scripting)_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet




OWASP Secure Coding Prac3ces

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OWASP Secure Coding PracPces

• Small document (only 9 pages)• Could be use as an simple checklist for your policy.

• Could be use together with ASVS or alone.•More technical and deeper approach than ASVS .

•Wrote and use by Boeing :)

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Secure Coding PracPces Contents

• Input ValidaPon• Output Encoding• AuthenPcaPon and Password Management

• Session Management• Access Control• Cryptographic PracPces• Error Handling and Logging

• Data ProtecPon• CommunicaPon Security• System ConfiguraPon• Database Security• File Management• Memory Management• General Coding PracPces

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Now the torture room

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(extracts from OWASP Secure Coding Prac0ces/OWASP CheatSheets OWASP

ASVS, ...)

Let talk Secure Coding now

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Some secures principles to follow

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•Deep defense of applica,on is mandatory • Following less privileges is the best soluPon• Segregate duty more that user think➡Remember that applica,on need to answer user needs and not security pleasure.

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Deep defense of a Web Applica0on (example)

70

Firewall

Applica0onWeb Apps

SGBDApp ServerWebServer

Browser

User auth

Input Validation

Secure configuration

Good crash mecanisms

• Critical data transport protection

• Preventing session and ID theft

Critical data protectionsLogs/Audit of transactions

Authorisation and

authentication

Authorisation and authentication

Critical data protectionsPreventing parameters thefts

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Fail securely

• Don’t give user technical details of the error/crash.• Clean state or use objects in catch clause

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Don’t try to make obscure things

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GEOPORTAIL

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GOOGLE MAPS

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• ObfuscaPon is not the soluPon• There is someone in the matrix who will send you evil data

• Be evil ! • Protect area with filter is the best soluPon

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Controls

• Controls need :–to be simple–to be used correctly–funcPonal–present in every part of the applicaPon

74

Bad understanding of a control result of unused it by developers and application will be vulnerable.

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Minimals controls to have

• You must have at least this components in your applicaPon : –AuthenPcaPon–AuthorizaPon–Logging and audit–Secure Storage–Secure transport–Secure input and output manipulaPon of data

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Authen3ca3on

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Implement good passwd strategy

• Password length-‐ Categorize applicaPons :

• Important : at least 6 characters• Cri0cal : at least 8 characters and perhaps mul0-‐factors authen0ca0on

• High Cri0cal : at least 14 characters and mul0-‐factors authen0ca0on

• Password strength-‐ Implement passwd complexity with previous categories

• at least : 1 upper, 1 lower, 1 digit, 1 special• don’t allow dic0onnary passwd• don’t allow con0nuous characters

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Implement good passwd strategy

•Let the user choose it•Force the user to change it regulary, and add no reuse capability.

•Don’t allow too much “I forgot my passwd”•Don’t allow change of passwd without user approval; require actual passwd from the user and more for high cri0cal.

•Add sleep strategy !•Add detec3on of misuse strategy !•Don’t store passwd in clear !!!!! use hash !

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MulP-‐Factor authenPcaPon

•Passwds are bad•Passwds are guessable•MulP-‐factor combine:

–something you have (token, mobile, ...)–something you know (details about you, passwd, ...)–somePme, something you are (biometrics)–Use it for high criPcal applicaPons.

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Implement good global strategy

• Ask second authenPcaPon for criPcal transacPons (with mulP-‐factor auth...)

• Force authenPcaPon to be in TLS/SSL• Regenerate Session ID aQer authenPcaPon• Force Session ID to be “secure”• LimiPng forgoEen passwd,change of login/passwd

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How to do ?

• Authen0cate all pages but not public pages (login, logout, help, ....)

• Don’t allow more than one authen0ca0on mecanism• Authen3cate on the SERVER• Simply send back “user or passwd mismatch” and nothing else aker a failed authen0ca0on.

• Logged all failed and all correct authen0ca0on• Aker each authen0ca0on give the user the last status of his authen0ca0on.

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• Good Regex for a passwd complexity :

• Good Storage of password with SALT

45

(?=^.{8,30}$)(?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*[!@#$%^&*()_+}{"":;'?/>.<,]).*$

import java.security.MessageDigest;

public byte[] getHash(String password, byte[] salt) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException { MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256"); digest.reset(); digest.update(salt); return digest.digest(password.getBytes("UTF-8"));}

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Session Management

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Session

• Use Default Java Framework Generator• Use other name than the default name of the Framework (rename JSESSIONID...)

• Force transport of ID authenPcaPon on SSL/TLS.• Don’t allow Session ID in URL !• If using cookie :

– Secure Cookie– HTTPOnly Cookie – LimiPng path + domain–Max Age and expiraPon

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Session tricky

• AutomaPc expiraPon–categorize applicaPons :

• default : 1 hour• cri0cal (some transac0on) : 20mns• high cri0cal (financials or account impact) : 5mns

• Renew Session ID aQer any privilege change• Don’t allow simultaneous logon • Add Session AEack DetecPon

• add in-‐session 0ps : ip of session, other random number, ...

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Browser defenses

• Bind JavaScript events to close session –on window.close()–on window.stop()–on window.blur()–on window.home()

• Use Javascripts Pmer to automaPc close session in high criPcal applicaPons

• Disable WebBrowser Cross-‐tab Session if possible...(bad user experiences....)– If you use cookie, this is not possible !!!!

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50

<session-‐config> <cookie-‐config> <http-‐only>true</http-‐only> <secure>true</secure> </cookie-‐config></session-‐config>

Using Servlet 3.0 ?

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Access Controls

107

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Remember

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Remember

(1)Without access control, you can’t control the user in your applica,on

Friday, June 28, 13

Remember

(1)Without access control, you can’t control the user in your applica,on

(2)All client inputs are EVIL

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Authen0ca0on & Authoriza0on

• Two Levels of authenPcaPon and authorizaPon are needed–In the ApplicaPon–In infrastructure

Table A

Table B

Connexion Table A + duty ARole A

Role B

SGBDApp Server

Connexion Table B + Duty B

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AuthorizaPon

• Have in mind the rule : –Nothing by default

• Centralize all authorizaPon code on the SERVER• If client state are mandatory, use encrypPon and integrity checking on the server side to catch state tampering.

• Limit number of transacPons per user at a interval Pme.

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AuthorizaPon

• Enforce :– protec0on of URL to authorized account only– protec0on of func0on to authorized account only– protec0on of file access to authorized account only

• Applica0on need to terminate session when authoriza0on failed.

• Split administra0ve and user authoriza0on• Enforce dormant account :

– loss privileges.– “disable account”– alerts

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Valida3on of Data

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Input ValidaPon

• Ensure all data validaPon are done on THE SERVER.–If you do something on client side we can said you do “painPng”

• Classify your data :–Trusted Data –Untrusted Data

• Conduct trusted path.• Centralize your data validaPon• Use correct parametrize query when exists (SQL)

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Border validaPon

• Consider validaPng data along all the entry points of your ApplicaPon border

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Input ValidaPon

• Use proper characters set for all input• Encode all data to the same character set before doing anything <=>Canonicalize

• Reject all not validated datas• Validate data :

–expected type (convert as soon as possible to Java Types)–expected range–expected length–expected values–expected “white list” if possible

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Input ValidaPon

• Be careful of using “hazardous” characters (ex: <>’,”!(+)&\ %.)

• Add specific validaPon :–check for null bytes (%00)–check for new lines (%0D, %0A, \n, \r, ...)–check for dot-‐dot-‐slashes (../)

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Be careful of encoding for specific valida0on...

URL%3c%73%63%72%69%70%74%3e%61%6c%65%72%74%28%58%53%53%29%3b%3c%2f%73%63%72%69%70%74%3e%0a

HTML<script>alert(XSS);</script>

UTF-8%u003c%uff53%uff43%uff52%uff49%uff50%uff54%u003e%uff41%uff4c%uff45%uff52%uff54%uff08%uff38%uff33%uff33%uff09%u003c%u2215%uff53%uff43%uff52%uff49%uff50%uff54%u003

One space ?< s c r i p t > a l e r t ( X S S ) ; < / s c r i p t >

<script>alert(XSS);</script>

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Validate Datas

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SQL => bad

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SQL => a liEle bit beEer

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List results = entityManager.createQuery("Select order from Orders order where order.id = " + orderId).getResultList();List results = entityManager.createNativeQuery("Select * from Books where author = " + author).getResultList();int resultCode = entityManager.createNativeQuery("Delete from Cart where itemId = " + itemId).executeUpdate();

JPA/EnPty

65

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JPA/EnPty

65

/* positional parameter in JPQL */Query jpqlQuery = entityManager.createQuery("Select order from Orders order where order.id = ?1");List results = jpqlQuery.setParameter(1, "123-‐ADB-‐567-‐QTWYTFDL").getResultList();

Friday, June 28, 13


JPA/EnPty

65


/* named query in JPQL -‐ Query named "myCart" being "Select c from Cart c where c.itemId = :itemId" */Query jpqlQuery = entityManager.createNamedQuery("myCart");List results = jpqlQuery.setParameter("itemId", "item-‐id-‐0001").getResultList();

Friday, June 28, 13


JPA/EnPty

65


/* named query in JPQL -‐ Query named "myCart" being "Select c from Cart c where c.itemId = :itemId" */Query jpqlQuery = entityManager.createNamedQuery("myCart");List results = jpqlQuery.setParameter("itemId", "item-‐id-‐0001").getResultList();/* named parameter in JPQL */Query jpqlQuery = entityManager.createQuery("Select emp from Employees emp where emp.incentive > :incentive");List results = jpqlQuery.setParameter("incentive", new Long(10000)).getResultList();

Friday, June 28, 13


JPA/EnPty

65


/* Native SQL */Query sqlQuery = entityManager.createNativeQuery("Select * from Books where author = ?", Book.class);List results = sqlQuery.setParameter(1, "Charles Dickens").getResultList();

/* named query in JPQL -‐ Query named "myCart" being "Select c from Cart c where c.itemId = :itemId" */Query jpqlQuery = entityManager.createNamedQuery("myCart");List results = jpqlQuery.setParameter("itemId", "item-‐id-‐0001").getResultList();/* named parameter in JPQL */Query jpqlQuery = entityManager.createQuery("Select emp from Employees emp where emp.incentive > :incentive");List results = jpqlQuery.setParameter("incentive", new Long(10000)).getResultList();

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XML => bad

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XML => ValidaPng via regexp/white list

128

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BeEer, a XML schema

<xs:schema xmlns:xs="hTp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

<xs:element name="item">

<xs:complexType>

<xs:sequence>

<xs:element name="descrip0on" type="xs:string"/>

<xs:element name="price" type="xs:decimal"/>

<xs:element name="quan0ty" type="xs:integer"/>

</xs:sequence>

</xs:complexType>

</xs:element>

</xs:schema>

Friday, June 28, 13

XML => XML Parser validaPon

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LDAP => bad

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LDAP => beEer

132

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Using OWASP ESAPI

72

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Output Encoding

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Output encoding

• It’s a Defense in depth mechanism• Encode ON THE SERVER• Centralize the encoder funcPons• SaniPze all data send to the client

–HTMLEncode is a minimum but did not work on all cases

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Essai 1 => bad

137

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Essai 2 => it’s bad, but beTer than nothing

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A good soluPon with a robust SaniPzer :)

139

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Error Logging

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Error Handling

Your Applica3on will crash !• Catch all excep0ons without excep0on (remember the null pointer excep0on !)– Clean all excep0on code of sensi0ve datas– Don’t give user any details about crash, just said “It’s a crash, try again later”

• Logs are sensi0ve, you MUST PROTECT THEM• Log :

– input valida0on failures– authen0ca0on request; especially failures– access control failures– systems excep0ons– administra0ve func0onality– crypto failures– invalid/expired session token access

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Logging/Errors

• Split your logs with categories, examples : –Access–Error–Debug–Audit

• Use log4j for standard logging

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Log4J Example

81

import com.sec.dev;

// Import log4j classes. import org.apache.log4j.Logger; import org.apache.log4j.BasicConfigurator;

public class SecLogger {

// Define a static logger variable so that it references the // Logger instance named "MyApp". static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyApp.class);

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Set up a simple configuration that logs on the console. BasicConfigurator.configure();

logger.setLevel(Level.DEBUG); // optional if log4j.properties file not used // Possible levels: TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR, and FATAL

logger.info("Entering application."); Bar bar = new Bar(); bar.doIt(); logger.info("Exiting application."); } }

Friday, June 28, 13

Bad handling of ExcepPon

144

Friday, June 28, 13

Good Housecleaning

83

try { SensitiveData sensitiveData = new SensitiveData (“4242424242424242”); out = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("OutFile.txt")); //Do Stuff….} catch (IOException e) { if ( sensitiveData != null ) {

sensitiveData.set(“0000000000000000”); }

logger.log ("IO exception ", e.getMessage());

} catch (Exception e) { if ( sensitiveData != null ) {

sensitiveData.set(“0000000000000000”); }logger.log ("Error occurred!”, e.getMessage());

} finally { if ( sensitiveData != null ) {

sensitiveData.set(“0000000000000000”); } if (out != null) {

out.close(); // RELEASE RESOURCES } }

Friday, June 28, 13

BeEer handling of excepPon and error

145<error-‐page> <excepPon-‐type>java.lang.Throwable</excepPon-‐type> <locaPon>/error.jsp</locaPon> </error-‐page>

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Data Protec3on

85

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Data protecPon

• Protect sensiPve datas, don’t store them in clear.• Store sensiPve datas in trusted systems• Don’t use GET request for sensiPve data.• Disable client site caching

86

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Disable Client Side caching

87

import javax.servlet.*;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.Date;

public class CacheControlFilter implements Filter {

public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

HttpServletResponse resp = (HttpServletResponse) response; resp.setHeader("Expires", "Tue, 03 Jul 2001 06:00:00 GMT"); resp.setHeader("Last-‐Modified", new Date().toString()); resp.setHeader("Cache-‐Control", "no-‐store, no-‐cache, must-‐revalidate, max-‐age=0, post-‐check=0, pre-‐check=0"); resp.setHeader("Pragma", "no-‐cache");

chain.doFilter(request, response); }

}

<filter> <filter-‐name>SetCacheControl</filter-‐name> <filter-‐class>com.sec.dev.cacheControlFilter</filter-‐class></filter> <filter-‐mapping> <filter-‐name>SetCacheControl</filter-‐name><url-‐pattern>/*</url-‐pattern></filter-‐mapping>

web.xml

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http://web.xml

http://web.xml

Access to FileSystem

88

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Absolute Path is bad

151

Friday, June 28, 13

Canonicalisa,on is good

90

Friday, June 28, 13

Secure Communica3ons

91

Friday, June 28, 13

Secure CommunicaPons

• Use TLS/SSL :–at least SSL v3.0/TLS 1.0–minimum of 128bits encrypPon–use secure crypto : AES is good

• Don’t expose criPcal data in the URL• Failed SSL/TLS communicaPons should not fall back to insecure

• Validate cerPficate when used• Protect all page, not just logon page !

92

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Force TLS/SSL Response

• Use HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS).–Available on some browsers (not IE)–draQ IETF : hEp://tools.iew.org/html/draQ-‐iew-‐websec-‐strict-‐transport-‐sec-‐04

93

HttpServletResponse ...;response.setHeader("Strict-‐Transport-‐Security", "max-‐age=7776000; includeSubdomains");

Friday, June 28, 13

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-websec-strict-transport-sec-04




ConfiguraPon

94

• Review all properPes, configuraPon files• Be careful of default passwords...• Remove, and not just de-‐acPvate, unused funcPons/modules

• Use sandbox system when available :

Be careful of Java Signed code who execute with more privileges !

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Now you can protect against him

95

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NEWS

A BLOG

A PODCAST

MEMBERSHIPS

MAILING LISTS

A NEWSLETTER

APPLE APP STORE

VIDEO TUTORIALS

TRAINING SESSIONS

SOCIAL NETWORKING

96On est aussi des humains, et on peut boire un coup tout simplement

Friday, June 28, 13

Dates

• AppSec Research Europe 2013 : 20/23 Aout – Hambourg – Allemagne

• Octobre 2013 : OSSIR PARIS–OWASP Top10 2013; quoi de neuf ?

• OWASP Benelux : 28/29 Novembre 2013

97Un tour des JUG est prévu en France, si vous en connaissez un dans le coin...

Friday, June 28, 13

Soutenir l’OWASP

• Différentes soluPons : –Membre Individuel : 50 $–Membre Entreprise : 5000 $–DonaPon Libre

• Soutenir uniquement le chapitre France :–Single MeePng supporter

• Nous offrir une salle de mee0ng ! • Par0ciper par un talk ou autre ! • Dona0on simple

–Local Chapter supporter : • 500 $ à 2000 $

98

Friday, June 28, 13

Prochains meePngs

• Septembre 2013 –Salle : Mozilla Center Paris–Speaker :

• Security on Firefox OS• A définir

• Novembre 2013–Salle : a définir–Speaker : a définir

Septembre s’annonce merveilleux avec plein d’annonces en tout genre....

Friday, June 28, 13

License

100Si vous avez tout suivi vous connaissez le prochain slide....

@SPoint

[email protected]

Friday, June 28, 13

