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SECURITY OF CATEGORY I SOURCES IN MEDICAL FACILITIES

THROUGHOUT MALAYSIA NS. Mukhelas, MNA. Mohd. Shukry, Z. Kayun @

Farni and P. Muthuvelu.

Presented by:

DR. PIRUNTHAVANY MUTHUVELU ENGINEERING SERVICES DIVISION MINISTRY OF HEALTH MALAYSIA

[email protected] [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Radioactive substances are commonly used in teletherapy for the treatment of malignant diseases and for blood irradiation. The issue of physical protection of these sources has been a concern due to several incidents relating to radioactive materials originating from medical use. This paper sets out the implementation of physical protection system for the Category 1 radioactive sources in medical facilities throughout Malaysia.

MALAYSIA – CURRENT SITUATION

• There are only two Category 1 sources used in medical facilities:- blood irradiators and teletherapy source (disused).

• Source activity ranges from 1400 Ci – 1700 Ci for blood irradiators and 2000 Ci – 9000 Ci for teletherapy units.

List of Medical Facilities with Cs-137 Source for Blood Irradiators in Malaysia

No. Hospital/Medical Centre Source Activity (Ci)

1. Hospital A 1487 & 1447

2. Hospital B 1557

3. Hospital C 1620

4. Hospital D 1524

5. Hospital E 1450

6. Hospital F 1374

List of Medical Facilities with Co-60 Source for Teletherapy Units in Malaysia

No. Hospital/Medical Centre Source Activity (Ci)

1. Hospital G 2756

2. Hospital H 8465

3. Hospital J 7295

August 2008 – AELB/ANSTO/GTRI established a holistic gap-analysis in regulatory control on security under the Program on Nuclear and Radioactive Source Security, which included:

• medical facilities with Category I sources, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia (MOH)

PROGRAM ON NUCLEAR AND RADIOACTIVE SOURCE SECURITY

The first inspection on medical facilities with blood irradiators was done jointly by GTRI and the MOH in 2009.

Since then, the GTRI, with MOH, has been continuously conducting assurance visits to all related premises to ensure the sustainability of the physical security systems installed.

PROGRAM ON NUCLEAR AND RADIOACTIVE SOURCE SECURITY

TRAINING

• The first international Physical Protection and Security Management Course on Radioactive Sources for Medical Purpose was conducted at MOH in collaboration with ANSTO and GTRI in July 2011.

• Subsequent training of staff was done at the premises after installation of the security features.

OBJECTIVE OF COURSE

• to develop knowledge of radioactive source security for participants

• to recognize the need for and the requirements to establish and to maintain a national security program.

This was also to ensure that the STAKEHOLDERS were well-trained and familiar with the functioning of the security system installed at their premises.

The security systems installed were designed to perform the security functions of detection, delay, response and security management.

IMPLEMENTATION OF PHYSICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR CATEGORY 1 RADIOACTIVE SOURCES IN MEDICAL

• Detection - achieved by visual observation, video surveillance, electronic sensors, seals and other tamper indicating devices, and process monitoring systems.

Balanced

Magnetic Switch Motion Sensor

CCTV

IMPLEMENTATION OF PHYSICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR CATEGORY 1 RADIOACTIVE SOURCES

Detection elements installed in a blood irradiator room.

• Delay – using barriers and other physical means, e.g. high security metal doors, door access systems


Exterior of a disused teletherapy source facility.

Door Access

System

(Biometric) Hardened

Door

High Security Metal

Doors

• Response – ensured by having a direct communication line between the first responder and the nearest police station. The police personnel were involved with the mock security drills.


Intrusion alarm system and monitoring devices installed at a Radiotherapy Department.

• MOH has established a system called RADIA - an online application service which serves as the national register of medical radioactive sources which includes Category 1 and 2 radioactive sources.

IMPLEMENTATION OF PHYSICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM FOR CATEGORY 1 RADIOACTIVE SOURCES IN MEDICAL

Link: https://radia.moh.gov.my

INTEGRATION OF SAFETY AND SECURITY

• In the MOH, the radiation safety aspect is inherent and well incorporated into the training syllabus of the radiologist, radiographer and medical physicist.

• All other users of radiation have to undergo compulsory radiation safety training before they are allowed to handle or be in the proximity of medical radiation.


• A radiation safety committee comprising the Director of the Hospital together with representatives from the top management, Radiology, Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Services (where applicable), other users of radiation e.g. cardiologists, orthopaedic surgeons, vascular surgeons and associated staff meet periodically to discuss the various issues on radiation safety and security.


• The Radiation Protection Officer (medical physicist) will ensure that the committee meets regularly and arranges for annual continuous professional courses on radiation safety for all staff involved with radiation in their course of work.


• The staff will also be sent for relevant courses so that they will always be abreast with the latest development and technology in their field of work.

• All new users of radiation will be given radiation safety and security training before they are allowed to handle or use the radiation in their field of work.

2011 Year Installation

Installation done at :

• Blood Irradiator Room • Laboratory Area • Security Guard Station

INSTALLATION : BLOOD IRRADIATION FACILITY

Fixed facility for blood irradiation

(Gammacell 3000 Elan)

Source : Cs-137

Activity : 55.02 TBq


Personal entry control devices

1st Entrance 2nd Entrance 3rd Entrance


Personal entry control devices


CCTV with IR Illumination


CCTV surveillance located at counter


Blood Irradiator Room

CCTV surveillance located at specific locations at the blood irradiator room entrance


Motion Sensor


Duress Button


Inside control panel box:-

- Monitors (control CCTV)

- Digital Video Recorder (DVR) are PC-

based. DVR create a record of a security

incident with real time assessment of an

incident Control Panel Box


Safe deposit box with Personal Identification Number (PIN)

Safe deposit box contains keys to access blood irradiator room


Motion Sensor



Motion Sensor

CCTV



Intrusion alarm system

Monitor


INSTALLATION : DISUSED TELETHERAPY SOURCE

Installation done at :

• Radiotherapy Department • Security Guard Station

2013 Year Installation

Fixed facility for a teletherapy unit

(Theratronics)

Source : Co-60

Activity : 8465 Ci



Equipment installed at the Security Guard Station.


Hardened

Door

Intrusion

Alarm System

Door Access

System

(Biometric)

Entrance to a disused teletherapy bunker


Exterior of a disused teletherapy bunker; a monitor, motion sensors, cctv cameras and a safebox were installed

CCTV Camera

Motion Sensor


Hardened Door

High Security

Locks

Access to the bunker. Only one authorized personnel holds the key.


Interior of a disused teletherapy bunker; disused Co-60 source (Theratron)

DISPOSAL OF A DISUSED RADIOACTIVE SOURCE

DISMANTLING OF A TELETHERAPY UNIT

Application form submitted to the AELB for export of RA material permit

Letter of application to the MOH for decommissioning of Teletherapy Co-60

source

Disposal Certificate of Co-60 source from the manufacturer

Related documents:


Empty transfer case and tools for dismantling of Teletheraphy Unit

Teletheraphy Unit – before dismantling

Transferring after dismantling Teletheraphy head – packed into crate


Loaded transfer case - Co-60 Transporting to KLIA Cargo

Police escort

• Develop standardized security procedures to ensure that arrangements are made for the safe management and secure protection of radioactive sources, particularly Category 1 sources.

• Healthcare professionals will then be provided with clear guidance on how to manage and minimize risks to an acceptable level with established safety and security strategies.

CONCLUSION - THE NEXT STEP

Future plans

• Introduction of safety and security culture at all medical establishments having radioactive sources.

• To develop security culture assessment forms specifically for the medical sector

• Ensure that security culture is ongoing and maintained to ensure it is viable at all times.

FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

Medical Physics Unit Engineering Services Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Level 5, Block E3, Parcel E, 62505 Putrajaya. Website: http://engineering.moh.gov.my/v3/

MALAYSIA

putrajaya

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