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Digital Dental Digital Dental Photography: Photography: Seeing is BelievingSeeing is Believing

Daniel H Ward DDSDaniel H Ward DDS

2020thth Century Public Perception Century Public Perception of Dentistryof Dentistry

•• Disease Oriented TreatmentDisease Oriented Treatment

2020thth Century Public Perception Century Public Perception of Dentistryof Dentistry

•• Disease Oriented TreatmentDisease Oriented Treatment

Diagnostic ToolsDiagnostic Tools

•• Tooth Centered TreatmentTooth Centered Treatment


•• Tooth Centered TreatmentTooth Centered Treatment

The Public Perception of The Public Perception of Dentistry is Dentistry is ChangingChanging

•• Smile Oriented TreatmentSmile Oriented Treatment

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The Public Perception of The Public Perception of Dentistry is Dentistry is ChangingChanging

•• Smile Oriented TreatmentSmile Oriented Treatment


•• Smile Centered TreatmentSmile Centered Treatment


•• Smile Centered TreatmentSmile Centered Treatment

Dental PhotographyDental Photography

An essential tool for todayAn essential tool for today’’s dentists dentist

Dental PhotographyDental Photography

Film basedFilm based Digital basedDigital based

Digital PhotographyDigital Photography--AdvantagesAdvantages

••Instant ImageInstant Image

••Multiple pictures at no additional costMultiple pictures at no additional cost

••Ability to manipulate imagesAbility to manipulate images

••Ease of displaying, storing, sending and Ease of displaying, storing, sending and transporting imagestransporting images

••HighHigh--tech image to patientstech image to patients

••Use in PowerPoint presentationsUse in PowerPoint presentations

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SLR CamerasSLR Cameras

A Day at the OfficeA Day at the Office

DiagnosticDiagnostic Patient CommunicationPatient Communication Laboratory CommunicationLaboratory Communication Communication w/ SpecialistsCommunication w/ Specialists Communication w/ Insurance CoCommunication w/ Insurance Co Medical/LegalMedical/Legal SelfSelf--EvaluationEvaluation Lectures, Publications, AccreditationLectures, Publications, Accreditation

Uses of Dental PhotographyUses of Dental Photography

Uses of Dental Photography Uses of Dental Photography DiagnosticDiagnostic

Measurement of tooth dimensionsMeasurement of tooth dimensions

GoldenGolden ProportionProportion

78% width/height ratio78% width/height ratio1:16 House Rule1:16 House Rule

REDRED ProportionProportion

Uses of Dental Photography Uses of Dental Photography DiagnosticDiagnostic

PrePre--Planning Desired ResultsPlanning Desired Results

Allows them to see what you seeAllows them to see what you see

Uses of Dental Photography Uses of Dental Photography Patient CommunicationPatient Communication

Chairside Patient InvolvementChairside Patient Involvement


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Educates with factsEducates with facts


““Hey, I like your piercingHey, I like your piercing””



Imaged Full Face SmilesImaged Full Face Smiles Your Your Treatment CapabilitiesTreatment Capabilities


Uses of Dental Photography Uses of Dental Photography Laboratory CommunicationLaboratory Communication

Adjacent teeth and tooth structureAdjacent teeth and tooth structure Periodontists, Orthodontists, Endodontists, Periodontists, Orthodontists, Endodontists, Oral Surgeons, PathologistsOral Surgeons, Pathologists

Uses of Dental Photography Uses of Dental Photography Communication w/ SpecialistsCommunication w/ Specialists

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E Mail w/ SpecialistsE Mail w/ Specialists


E Mail w/ SpecialistsE Mail w/ Specialists


What is this?What is this?

Uses of Dental Photography Uses of Dental Photography Communication w/Insurance CoCommunication w/Insurance Co

Fractured Porcelain invisible to radiographic Fractured Porcelain invisible to radiographic inspectioninspection

Uses of Dental Photography Uses of Dental Photography Communication w/Insurance CoCommunication w/Insurance Co

Filing accident reportsFiling accident reports DocumentationDocumentation

Uses of Dental Photography Uses of Dental Photography Medical/LegalMedical/Legal

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Uses of Dental Photography Uses of Dental Photography FullFull--face Photographsface Photographs

(Outside legal advice should be sought)

Obtaining releasesObtaining releases

••Standard HIPPA releaseStandard HIPPA release

••Teaching releaseTeaching release

••Complete releaseComplete release

Denture Denture TryinsTryins

Uses of Dental Photography Uses of Dental Photography SelfSelf--EvaluationEvaluation

Learning from every caseLearning from every case

Uses of Dental Photography Uses of Dental Photography SelfSelf--EvaluationEvaluation

Study Clubs, Conferences, UniversitiesStudy Clubs, Conferences, Universities

Uses of Dental Photography Uses of Dental Photography Lectures, Publications, AccreditationLectures, Publications, Accreditation

Dentistry TodayDentistry Today--May 2007May 2007



Aesthetic OrganizationsAesthetic Organizations

••ASDAASDA

••AACDAACD

••AAEDAAED

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Digital Photographic PrinciplesDigital Photographic Principles

LensLensExposureExposureApertureApertureFlashFlashStandardized MagnificationStandardized Magnification

Digital Photographic PrinciplesDigital Photographic PrinciplesLensLens

2424--35mm35mm––wide angle wide angle --““fish eyefish eye””

50mm50mm--standard viewstandard view 8585--300300--telephoto telephoto

viewview--““flat imageflat image““ Dental lens is 85Dental lens is 85--

105mm telephoto 105mm telephoto macromacro


35mm View35mm View 105mm View105mm View


35mm View35mm View 105mm View105mm View

Digital Photographic PrinciplesDigital Photographic PrinciplesExposureExposure

Quantity of light that Quantity of light that reaches the sensorreaches the sensor

Digital Photographic PrinciplesDigital Photographic PrinciplesControlling ExposureControlling Exposure

Size of the lens Size of the lens openingopening

Length of time lens Length of time lens open or length of open or length of time flash illuminatedtime flash illuminated

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f f 3232f f 1616f f 88f f 44f f 22

Aperture is size of the opening of a lensAperture is size of the opening of a lens Referred to as Referred to as f stopf stop

Digital Photographic PrinciplesDigital Photographic PrinciplesApertureAperture


Smaller the diameter Smaller the diameter of the opening the of the opening the larger is the numberlarger is the number

f/32f/32


Larger the diameter Larger the diameter of the opening the of the opening the smaller is the numbersmaller is the number

f/2.5f/2.5

Smaller number f/stop (larger opening) Smaller number f/stop (larger opening) makes it easier for focusingmakes it easier for focusing

f/2.5f/2.5



Larger number f/stop (smaller opening)Larger number f/stop (smaller opening)gives greater depth of fieldgives greater depth of field

f/32f/32

Digital Photographic PrinciplesDigital Photographic PrinciplesFlashFlash

Shutter in flash Shutter in flash photography is set to photography is set to be entirely open long be entirely open long enough to allow all of enough to allow all of flash to reach sensor flash to reach sensor

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In flash photography In flash photography length of exposure is length of exposure is determined by the determined by the amount of time the amount of time the flash is illuminatedflash is illuminated


Digital TTL metering Digital TTL metering uses a preuses a pre--flash to flash to prepre--determine determine appropriate time for appropriate time for flashflash


Proper Tooth ExposureProper Tooth Exposure Camera attempts to Camera attempts to

balance light for all balance light for all picturespictures

May need to May need to overexpose +1overexpose +1--1.5 1.5 f f stops to compensate stops to compensate for white teethfor white teeth


Ring flash gives more even distribution of lightRing flash gives more even distribution of light--used for intraused for intra--oral viewsoral views

Point flash away from lens eliminates red eye Point flash away from lens eliminates red eye and is more 3 dimensionaland is more 3 dimensional--used for full face used for full face viewsviews


DualDual--point flash best for facial view of anterior point flash best for facial view of anterior teethteeth

Digital Photographic PrinciplesDigital Photographic PrinciplesStandardized MagnificationStandardized Magnification

Magnification refers to the ratio of image Magnification refers to the ratio of image size to object size size to object size

1:2 means object size is double the size of 1:2 means object size is double the size of the imagethe image

1:1 means image on film is same as image1:1 means image on film is same as image

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Most currently available sensors are Most currently available sensors are smaller than 35mm film and magnify smaller than 35mm film and magnify image by approximately 1.5image by approximately 1.5

Standard 35mm film is 24mm x 36mmStandard 35mm film is 24mm x 36mm


Digital sensors are smaller than film sizeDigital sensors are smaller than film size



Resulting image is magnified 1.5 XResulting image is magnified 1.5 X

Standard 35mm film ViewfinderStandard 35mm film Viewfinder


1:2 magnification1:2 magnification

Standard Digital SLR ViewfinderStandard Digital SLR Viewfinder



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Standard Digital SLR ViewfinderStandard Digital SLR Viewfinder


1:3 magnification1:3 magnification1:3 magnification1:3 magnification

(0.5m away)(0.5m away)


(0.4 m away)(0.4 m away)

Digital SLR ViewfinderDigital SLR Viewfinder Film SLR ViewfinderFilm SLR Viewfinder



1:10 (1:15 digital) 1:2 (1:3 digital)

Full Face Horizontal Full Smile View

1:1 (1:1.5 digital)

Frontal Closeup View

Multiply magnification X 1.5 Multiply magnification X 1.5

Digital Dental CamerasDigital Dental Cameras

Modified Consumer Fixed LensModified Consumer Fixed LensDental Designed Fixed LensDental Designed Fixed LensSingle Lens Reflex (SLR)Single Lens Reflex (SLR)LensLensFlashFlashAccessoriesAccessoriesSourcesSources

Modified ConsumerModified Consumer--fixed lensfixed lens

CHEAP!CHEAP!

Digital Dental CamerasDigital Dental Cameras Digital Dental CamerasDigital Dental Cameras

ModifiedModified--Consumer fixed lensConsumer fixed lens

Canon GCanon G--1616

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Easy!Easy!


Dental designed fixed lensDental designed fixed lens



ShofuShofu Eye Special CEye Special C--II II

••12 megapixel12 megapixel--SDSD

••LightweightLightweight

••Auto focus & zoomAuto focus & zoom

••DualDual--point flashpoint flash




••OnOn--Screen displayScreen display

••Touch panel Touch panel interfaceinterface

••Programmed modesProgrammed modes

••Only takes photo Only takes photo when in proper rangewhen in proper range







Quality!Quality!


Single Lens Reflex (SLR)Single Lens Reflex (SLR)

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Viewfinder to focus and alignViewfinder to focus and alignView screen after exposureView screen after exposureDo Not Recommend Live ViewDo Not Recommend Live View



Nikon DNikon D--7100 7100 $2700$2700--33003300

••24 megapixel24 megapixel

••1080P HD Video1080P HD Video



Canon T5 Canon T5 $1900$1900--25002500

••18 megapixel18 megapixel

••1080P HD Video1080P HD Video

••Easiest to setupEasiest to setup

••Best valueBest value


LensLens

SigmaSigma Brand nameBrand name


LensLens

SigmaSigma--ModifiedModified CanonCanonSigmaSigma


Ring FlashRing Flash--Must be TTLMust be TTL

Sigma EM 140 Sigma EM 140 DGDG--Dual PointDual Point

Canon MR 14Canon MR 14--EXEXProprietaryProprietary

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Wireless Ring FlashWireless Ring Flash

Metz MSMetz MS--11


FlashFlash--Dual PointDual Point

Canon MTCanon MT--24 EX24 EX Nikon R1 WirelessNikon R1 Wireless


AccessoriesAccessories

MirrorsMirrors



Occlusal Mirror Occlusal Mirror Buccal MirrorBuccal Mirror

Combination Combination MirrorMirror



Full and Split Cheek RetractorsFull and Split Cheek Retractors



OneOne--piece Cheek Retractorspiece Cheek Retractors

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LocalLocal Mail order/InternetMail order/Internet Specialized dental camera companiesSpecialized dental camera companies

SourcesSources

Digital Dental CamerasDigital Dental Cameras Digital Dental CamerasDigital Dental Cameras

SourcesSources

LocalLocal--National Camera ChainsNational Camera Chains


SourcesSources

Mail OrderMail Order--BHPhotoVideo.comBHPhotoVideo.com

Avoid Gray MarketAvoid Gray Market


SourcesSources

Dental:ClinipixDental:Clinipix, Lester Dine, Photo, Lester Dine, Photo--MedMed


SourcesSources

Technical SupportTechnical Support


SourcesSources

Technical SupportTechnical Support

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IF you want to call yourself a IF you want to call yourself a ““cosmeticcosmetic”” dentistdentist

IF you want to effectively IF you want to effectively communicate with your patients communicate with your patients and laboratoryand laboratory

IF you want to treat Maxillary IF you want to treat Maxillary Anterior Teeth with Indirect Anterior Teeth with Indirect RestorationsRestorations

IF you want to be able to IF you want to be able to defend yourself in a Court of defend yourself in a Court of LawLaw


Then BUY, BUY, BUY a Then BUY, BUY, BUY a professional digital dental professional digital dental camera tomorrow!camera tomorrow!

Direct InputDirect Input Memory cardsMemory cards Dental Imaging ProgramsDental Imaging Programs

Downloading & Manipulating ImagesDownloading & Manipulating ImagesDownloading & Manipulating Images Downloading & Printing ImagesDownloading & Printing ImagesDownloading & Printing Images

Direct InputDirect Input

Memory Card ReaderMemory Card Reader PCMCIA portPCMCIA port

Direct card driverDirect card driver

Memory CardsMemory Cards

Downloading & Printing ImagesDownloading & Printing ImagesDownloading & Printing Images

Eye Eye FiFi WirelessWireless



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SD Card in cameraSD Card in camera InIn--Office WirelessOffice Wireless




Desktop ShortcutDesktop Shortcut Target FolderTarget Folder




Double click for PreviewDouble click for Preview



File FormatsFile Formats•• RAWRAW--ability to fully manipulate exposureability to fully manipulate exposure

•• TIFFTIFF--better detailbetter detail

•• JPEGJPEG--generally most widely usedgenerally most widely used

•• CompressionCompression--OK if limitedOK if limited


Memory CardsMemory Cards•• Image stored on memory cardImage stored on memory card

SD Compact Flash

Photoshop ElementsPhotoshop Elements Paint Shop ProPaint Shop Pro Microsoft Digital Image SuiteMicrosoft Digital Image Suite PhotoshopPhotoshop

Imaging ProgramsImaging Programs


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Photoshop Elements

Before

After

Quick Fix Mode/Smart Fix

Viper SoftViper Soft SciCanSciCan Image FXImage FX DigidentDigident Digital DentistDigital Dentist

Dental Imaging ProgramsDental Imaging Programs



Dental Imaging LibrariesDental Imaging Libraries


Is this possible?Is this possible?


ProportionProportion--based Imagingbased Imaging




This is possible!This is possible!

ProportionProportion--based Imagingbased Imaging


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Smile VisionSmile Vision Laboratory performedLaboratory performed

••PrePre--op Photoop Photo

••Template*Template*

••Imaged Photo*Imaged Photo*

Outsourced ImagingOutsourced Imaging



*Valley Dental Arts*Valley Dental Arts

Camera SetupCamera Setup StepStep--Exposure preparationExposure preparation Image standardizationImage standardization Standard viewsStandard views Proper positioningProper positioning

Taking a Taking a ““Photographic Full SeriesPhotographic Full Series””

Turn on cameraTurn on camera Select modeSelect mode Move to proper rangeMove to proper range Frame ImageFrame Image Shoot!Shoot!

ShofuShofu Camera SetupCamera Setup ISO 200 Flash Sync speed 1/200 second Aperture Priority (Av setting) Over exposure override +0.5-1.5 f stops Full face (1:10 but 1:15 digital) at f 8 or

11 Full smile (1:2 but 1:3 digital) at f 22

or 32 Closeup (1:1 but 1:1.5 digital) at f 32 Manual focus

SLR Camera SetupSLR Camera Setup

Most have 30 second Most have 30 second automatic shutoffautomatic shutoff

Set mode to Aperture Set mode to Aperture Priority (Av)Priority (Av)

Set ISOSet ISO--200(or 400)200(or 400)

Step 1aStep 1a

Exposure PreparationExposure PreparationTurn the Camera OnTurn the Camera On

Set to TTLSet to TTL Set Exposure to +1Set Exposure to +1

Exposure PreparationExposure PreparationTurn the Flash OnTurn the Flash On

Step 1bStep 1b

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f 8 or 11 for full facef 8 or 11 for full face f 22 for all othersf 22 for all others

Exposure PreparationExposure PreparationSet the ApertureSet the Aperture

Step 2Step 2

Manual focusManual focus PrePre--set magnificationset magnification

Exposure PreparationExposure PreparationSet the MagnificationSet the Magnification

Step 3Step 3

Place pt in front of Place pt in front of backdropbackdrop

Lean patient in chairLean patient in chair Stand over patientStand over patient

Step 4Step 4

Exposure PreparationExposure PreparationPosition the PatientPosition the Patient

Move camera to focusMove camera to focus SHOOT!SHOOT!

Step 5Step 5

Exposure PreparationExposure PreparationFocus and Shoot Focus and Shoot

••Camera on, flash onCamera on, flash on

••Set f stopSet f stop

••Set magnificationSet magnification

••Position patientPosition patient

••Move to Focus and SHOOTMove to Focus and SHOOT

Exposure PreparationExposure PreparationReview of Steps Review of Steps

Image StandardizationImage Standardization

*AACD Required Views*AACD Required Views

MandMand Mirrored OcclusalMirrored Occlusal1:21:2

Max Mirrored OcclusalMax Mirrored Occlusal1:21:2

L Lateral L Lateral CloseupCloseup1:11:1

R Lateral R Lateral CloseupCloseup1:11:1

R Full Smile LateralR Full Smile Lateral1:21:2

L Full Smile LateralL Full Smile Lateral1:21:2

R Lateral RetractedR Lateral Retracted1:21:2

L Lateral RetractedL Lateral Retracted1:21:2

Full FaceFull Face1:101:10

Full SmileFull Smile1:21:2

Frontal RetractedFrontal Retracted1:21:2

Max Ant FrontalMax Ant Frontal1:11:1

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*Full Face View 1:10*Full Face View 1:10 (1:15 digital)(1:15 digital)

f/8 or f11f/8 or f11

ChairChair

OrientationOrientation

Full Face ViewFull Face View

••Standing or Standing or seated uprightseated upright

••Same height or Same height or slightly higherslightly higher

••BackdropBackdrop ••Parallel to and Parallel to and centered with centered with InterpupillaryInterpupillary lineline

Mirror, retractors, otherMirror, retractors, other

••Inferior border Inferior border just below chinjust below chin

••Centered with Centered with vertical midlinevertical midline

Full Face ViewFull Face View

Use BackgroundUse Background Patient forward 6Patient forward 6”” Parallel Parallel Move carefully to focusMove carefully to focus Autofocus with floor Autofocus with floor

referencereference--alternativealternative Several exposuresSeveral exposures

Frontal Portrait View 1:10Frontal Portrait View 1:10 (1:15 digital)(1:15 digital)

f/8 or f11f/8 or f11

ChairChair


Frontal Portrait ViewFrontal Portrait View

••BackdropBackdrop

••Camera rotated Camera rotated 909000 clockwiseclockwise

••Parallel to Parallel to InterpupillaryInterpupillary lineline

••Inferior border Inferior border at clavicleat clavicle


••Centered with Centered with vertical midlinevertical midline

••Standing or Standing or seated uprightseated upright

••Same height or Same height or slightly higherslightly higher

Frontal Portrait ViewFrontal Portrait View

Patient forward 6Patient forward 6”” of of backgroundbackground

Sit or standSit or stand Camera rotated 90 Camera rotated 90

degreesdegrees Parallel Parallel Focus carefully or Focus carefully or

autofocus referenceautofocus reference

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*Full Smile View 1:2*Full Smile View 1:2 (1:3 digital)(1:3 digital)

f/22f/22

ChairChair


Full Smile ViewFull Smile View

••Seated, chair Seated, chair reclined 45reclined 4500

••Directly over pt Directly over pt or turn ptor turn pt

••NoneNone ••Parallel to Parallel to incisal planeincisal plane

••Centered with Centered with incisal planeincisal plane

••Centered Centered between central between central incisorsincisors


Full Smile ViewFull Smile View

Seat patient in chairSeat patient in chair Tilt back 45 degreesTilt back 45 degrees Stand over patientStand over patient Line up parallelLine up parallel Move to focusMove to focus

*Full Smile Lateral Views 1:2*Full Smile Lateral Views 1:2 (1:3 digital)(1:3 digital)

f/22f/22

ChairChair


Full Smile Lateral ViewsFull Smile Lateral Views


••NoneNone ••45450 0 from frontal from frontal planeplane

••Parallel to Parallel to incisal planeincisal plane


••Centered with Centered with lateral incisorlateral incisor


Full Smile Lateral ViewsFull Smile Lateral Views

Parallel to incisal planeParallel to incisal plane Center at lateral incisorCenter at lateral incisor

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*Frontal Retracted View 1:2*Frontal Retracted View 1:2 (1:3 digital)(1:3 digital)

f/22f/22

ChairChair

Mirror, retractors, otherMirror, retractors, other OrientationOrientation

Frontal Retracted ViewFrontal Retracted View


••2 full retractors2 full retractors

••Teeth slightly Teeth slightly separatedseparated

••Parallel to and Parallel to and centered with centered with space between space between incisal planesincisal planes


Frontal Retracted ViewFrontal Retracted View

Parallel to incisal planeParallel to incisal plane Teeth together or Teeth together or

slightly separatedslightly separated

*Max Ant Frontal View 1:1*Max Ant Frontal View 1:1 (1:1.5 digital)(1:1.5 digital)

f/22f/22

ChairChair


Maxillary Anterior Frontal ViewMaxillary Anterior Frontal View


2 full retractors2 full retractors--pushing upwardpushing upward

••Teeth separatedTeeth separated

••ContrasterContraster optionaloptional

••Parallel to Parallel to incisal planeincisal plane

••Centered with Centered with contact pointcontact point


Maxillary Anterior Frontal ViewMaxillary Anterior Frontal View

Open mouthOpen mouth Bring retractors upBring retractors up

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*Max Ant Lateral Views 1:1*Max Ant Lateral Views 1:1 (1:1.5 digital)(1:1.5 digital)

f/22f/22

ChairChair FlashFlash

••ContrasterContraster(Optional)(Optional)


Max Ant Lateral ViewsMax Ant Lateral Views


••RingRing

••2 full retractors2 full retractors--1 1 firm 1 loosefirm 1 loose--pulling pulling upwardupward

••Teeth separatedTeeth separated

••Parallel to facial Parallel to facial plane of lateralplane of lateral


••Centered with Centered with lateral incisorlateral incisor

Maxillary Anterior Lateral ViewsMaxillary Anterior Lateral Views

Open mouthOpen mouth Bring retractors upBring retractors up Center at lateralCenter at lateral

*Maxillary occlusal view 1:2 *Maxillary occlusal view 1:2 (1:3) digital(1:3) digital

f/22f/22

ChairChair


Maxillary Occlusal ViewMaxillary Occlusal View

••Seated, chair Seated, chair reclined up to 60reclined up to 6000

••2 split retractors2 split retractors--place on upper lipplace on upper lip

••3B Occlusal 3B Occlusal mirrormirror

••Centered with Centered with occlusal planeocclusal plane

••Includes Incisors Includes Incisors & 2& 2ndnd molarsmolars

••Mirror 45Mirror 4500 below below occlusal planeocclusal plane

••Warmed mirrors Warmed mirrors or air syringe driedor air syringe dried

Maxillary Occlusal ViewMaxillary Occlusal View

Tilt pt back 60 degreesTilt pt back 60 degrees Retractors InRetractors In Place mirrorPlace mirror Dry with air or preDry with air or pre--warm in warm in

waterwater Angle to include incisors Angle to include incisors

and back molarsand back molars Avoid showing the nose!Avoid showing the nose!

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**MandibularMandibular occlusal view 1:2occlusal view 1:2 (1:3) digital(1:3) digital

f/22f/22

ChairChair FlashFlash


MandibularMandibular Occlusal ViewOcclusal View


••RingRing

••2 split retractors2 split retractors--place on lower lipplace on lower lip

••3B Occlusal 3B Occlusal mirrormirror

••Centered with Centered with occlusal planeocclusal plane

••Includes Incisors Includes Incisors & 2& 2ndnd molarsmolars

••Mirror 45Mirror 4500 above above occlusal planeocclusal plane

••Warmed mirrors Warmed mirrors or air syringe driedor air syringe dried

••Tongue behind Tongue behind mirrormirror

MandibularMandibular Occlusal ViewOcclusal View

Tilt pt up 20 degrees Tilt pt up 20 degrees Retractors inRetractors in Place mirrorPlace mirror Dry with air or preDry with air or pre--

warm in waterwarm in water

R&L Buccal 2:3 (1:2.25)R&L Buccal 2:3 (1:2.25)

f/22f/22

Right & Left BuccalRight & Left Buccal

Full Retractor on Full Retractor on photographer sidephotographer side

Mirror holding out Mirror holding out cheek cheek

Practice Makes PerfectPractice Makes Perfect

START TODAY!START TODAY!

seeing is believingd1ue90e5sp4tcv.cloudfront.net/2855/images/asset270055_v1.pdf · an essential...

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