seismic engineering research infrastructures for european … · 2009-10-12 · seismic engineering...
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COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIESFP7- INFRASTRUCTURES-2008-1SP4-Capacities
S E R I E SSEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES
SP4 Capacities
FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES1st Workshop – Iasi, July 14th 2009
LNEC Seismic Testing Facility14 years of activity14 years of activity
Ema Coelho and Alfredo Campos CostaEarthquake Engineering Division – NESDENational Laboratory for Civil engineering – LNEC, Lisbon
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
LNEC/NESDE St ffLNEC/NESDE Staff
Ema Coelho Alfredo C. Costa
Rogério Bairrão A CarvalhoM L SousaLuis MendesMaria FalcãoP Candeias Rogério Bairrão A. CarvalhoM. L. SousaLuis MendesMaria FalcãoP. Candeias
Engineering S i l
Structural d
Marta MateusFilipa Salvado Anabela Martins
Seismology and Seismic Risk
and Earthquake Engineering
Marta MateusFilipa Salvado Anabela Martins
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009Lab Technicians
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
LNEC/NESDE Main acti itiesLNEC/NESDE Main activities• Seismic action characterization studies, seismic hazard and
seismic risk• Seismic assessment of structures and study of techniques for
i i t ti d h bilit tiseismic protection and rehabilitation• Support to the development of seismic codes• Technical and scientific support to National Authorities• Technical and scientific support to National Authorities• Dynamic characterisation studies (in-Situ Ambient Vibration
Tests )Tests )• Experimental research. Exploitation of LNEC seismic
testing facility (since 1995)g y 995▫ European research programmes (4th, 5th, 6th and 7th
Framework Programmes of the EU)N i l h (FCT)
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
▫ National research programmes (FCT)▫ LNEC funding
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
C i i i f iliLNEC seismic testing facility• Participation in SERIES project• Participation in SERIES project▫ WP2/NA1 – Distributed database, data
communication and access (1.5 person-months)( 5 p )▫ WP3/NA2 – Qualification of research infrastructures
(1.5 person-months)▫ WP4/NA3 – European integration – European and
international co-operation of research infrastructures (2 th )(2 person-months)
▫ WP9/TA5 – Transnational access to LNEC Seismic Testing Facility(min 100 access days)Seismic Testing Facility(min. 100 access days)
▫ WP13/JRA2 – Advanced sensing, data processing and modelling (11 person-months)
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
g ( p )
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
LNEC seismic testing facilityLNEC seismic testing facility• Main characteristics:
Area ≈ 450m2
Ceiling height 10m
bl h i h 6Movable height 6m
Travelling crane Travelling crane 400kN
A t 4 5
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
Access gates 4.5m
http://www.lnec.pt/organizacao/de/nesde/
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
LNEC seismic testing facility
Large 3D shake tableLarge 3D shake table
S ll h k blSmall 1D shake table
Reaction wall (in preparation)
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009http://www.lnec.pt/organizacao/de/nesde/
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
NESDE facilityLNEC seismic testing facilityNESDE facilityLNEC seismic testing facility3D shake table
Max payload 40 ton
S f 6 b 6Surface 4.6m by 5.6m
Three independent orthogonal axesThree independent orthogonal axes
Displacements actively controlledp y
Rotations passively restrained
Frequency range from 0.1Hz up to 40Hz
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
40Hz
http://www.lnec.pt/organizacao/de/nesde/
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
LNEC seismic testing facilityLNEC seismic testing facility1D shake table
Max payload 6 tonnes
Surface 3.2m by 2.2m
Single horizontal/vertical axis
Di l i l Displacement actively controlled
Frequency range from 0.1Hz up to 25Hz
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009http://www.lnec.pt/organizacao/de/nesde/
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
LNEC seismic testing facilityLNEC seismic testing facilityReaction wall (in preparation)
Maximum vertical force ≈ 600kN
Maximum horizontal force ≈ 300kN
Maximum height ≈ 4.5m
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009http://www.lnec.pt/organizacao/de/nesde/
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
iInstrumentation
• Accelerometers (120 units)▫ 80+ Piezoelectric accelerometers (PCB)80+ Piezoelectric accelerometers (PCB)▫ 19 Capacitive accelerometers (ENDEVCO)▫ 15 Force-balance accelerometers (KINEMETRICS)15 Force balance accelerometers (KINEMETRICS)▫ 3 Triaxial accelerometers (CROSSBOW)
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
iInstrumentation
• Displacement Transducers▫ 30+ LVDTs – (RDP and HBM)▫ 7+6 Optical 2D displacement transducers (HAMAMATSU)▫ 1 Optical 3D displacement system (KRYPTON) with 50+ Leds
L d C ll• Load Cells▫ 5 Dynamic load cells (INSTRON and LEBOW)▫ Several load cells made and calibrated in LNECSeveral load cells made and calibrated in LNEC
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
iInstrumentationSt ai ga ges• Strain gauges▫ Several conditioning devices for electrical strain gauges▫ Fibre optical extensometers (acquisition planned for 2009)Fibre optical extensometers (acquisition planned for 2009)
• Cameras for Test Documentation3 St d d id d l di it l h t h ▫ 3 Standard video cameras and several digital photograph cameras
• Cameras for Data Acquisition (planned for 2009, SERIES NA )SERIES, NA1)▫ 3-5 high speed cameras (e.g. PROSILICA)▫ 1 video acquisition card1 video acquisition card
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
iInstrumentation
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Instrumentation
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
iInstrumentation
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Signal Processing and Analysis SoftwareSignal Processing and Analysis Software
• Software LNEC-SPA▫ Signal Generation▫ Data acquisition▫ Signal Processing▫ System identification▫ Visualization
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
O h i l i i iOther experimental activities• In-Situ Ambient Vibration Tests (OMA)▫ Output-only identification methods implemented in
LNEC-SPA:d l d lAveraged Normalized Power Spectral Density (ANPSD)
Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD) E h d F D i D iti (EFDD)Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD)
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Experimental activity – EU projectsExperimental activity – EU projects
• ECOEST II – 1996-1999 – 5 User Groups• ECOEST II 1996 1999 5 User Groups• NEFOREEE – 2001-2005• ECOLEADER 2002 2005 4 User Groups• ECOLEADER – 2002-2005 – 4 User Groups• SPEAR – 2002-2005
PRECAST EC8 6• PRECAST EC8 – 2003-2006• SAFECAST – Started 2009
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
Experimental activity – National/LNEC projects
• COMREHAB – 2000-2001• MITRIS 1999 2004• MITRIS – 1999-2004• FCT Stone Masonry – 2005-2008
TLD /• TLD – 2007/2009• UMinho/LNEC Stone Masonry – 2008/2009• QREN Reinforced Masonry – 2008/2009• FCT Masonry enclosures – 2009/2010
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
l llECOEST II UG1 – Imperial College (UK)• Tests on RC Walls for • Tests on RC Walls for
selective techniques▫ Study of innovative Study o o at e
techniques for repair and seismic retrofit of
i f d t ll reinforced concrete walls (selective intervention)
▫ One-storey, 3.2m height, O e sto ey, 3. e g t, 1.2m width
▫ Geometric scaling factor 1.5
▫ Materials: C20/25; S400
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOEST II UG1 Imperial College (UK)ECOEST II UG1 – Imperial College (UK)
• Tests on RC Walls for selective techniques
St d f i ti ▫ Study of innovative techniques for repair and seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete walls (selective intervention)O t 3 2 h i ht ▫ One-storey, 3.2m height, 1.2m width
▫ Geometric scaling factor g1.5
▫ Materials: C20/25; S400
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOEST II UG1 – Imperial College (UK)
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009Cracking pattern after
collapse
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOEST II UG2 – University of Pavia ECOEST II UG2 – University of Pavia (Italy)
Assessment of the seismic beha iour of e isting bridge • Assessment of the seismic behaviour of existing bridge columns in accordance with old code
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOEST II UG2 – University of Pavia ECOEST II UG2 – University of Pavia (Italy)▫ Fourteen 1:4 scaled piers▫ 1960 decade Italian 9
construction▫ Bridge structure
S l l i f ▫ Several steel reinforcement arrangements
Observed damage
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
Force-displacement relationship
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOEST II UG3 – University of ECOEST II UG3 – University of Basilicata (Italy)
• RC frames reinforced with di i i d ienergy dissipation devices
▫ Study the effectiveness of passive control techniques passive control techniques applied to rehabilitation of existing RC structures
▫ Comparison of different types of bracings (steel with plastic deformation vs with plastic deformation vs shape memory alloys)
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOEST II UG3 – University of ECOEST II UG3 – University of Basilicata (Italy)
Metallic Dampers
Shape Memory Alloys
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOEST II UG4 – University of Patras ECOEST II UG4 – University of Patras (Greece)
• RC frames infilled with masonry panelsmasonry panels▫ Dynamic interaction
between RC frames designed in accordance with EC8St d th ff t f ▫ Study the effect of acceleration (perpendicular) to the (p p )masonry panels
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOEST II UG4 – University of Patras ECOEST II UG4 – University of Patras (Greece)
Observed damagedamage
Orbits of relative displacements at the top slab
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOEST II UG5 Polytechnic of Bari ECOEST II UG5 – Polytechnic of Bari (Italy)
• Low yield steel and aluminium shear panelsaluminium shear panels▫ Seismic behaviour of two
different kinds of dissipation devices -shear panels inserted in a steel structuresteel structure
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOEST II UG5 P l t h i f B i ECOEST II UG5 – Polytechnic of Bari (Italy)( y)
Different types of energy dissipaters
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
NEFOREEENEFOREEE• New Fields of Research in Earthquake Engineering
Experimentationp•Task 1 – Controlled test in the non-linear range
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
•Task 2 – Complementary nature of shaking tables and reaction walls
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOLEADER UG1 University of LiègeECOLEADER UG1 – University of Liège
• Seismic behaviour of masonry housing in low
i i i seismicity areas▫ Calibrate and validate
numerical modelsnumerical models▫ Propose design rules for
masonry structures in low seismicity areas
▫ Test the effectiveness of reinforcing solutions reinforcing solutions through shaking table tests
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOLEADER UG1 University of LiègeECOLEADER UG1 – University of LiègeCollapse of the non reinforced model on the shaking tablemodel on the shaking table
Damage observed in reinforced model on the last test
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOLEADER UG2 – University of ECOLEADER UG2 – University of Ljubljana
i i f f li h l• Seismic performance of lightly reinforced structural walls in low to moderate seismicity areasto moderate seismicity areas▫ Seismic behaviour of lightly
reinforced structural walls typically used in Central Europe typically used in Central Europe (Slovenia)
▫ Walls with T (H) cross sections▫ Behaviour of coupling beams in
thin walls▫ Influence of 3D loading Influence of 3D loading
conditions▫ Calibration of analytical models
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOLEADER UG2 – University of ECOLEADER UG2 University of Ljubljana
Observed Damage -Slovenian Model
Observed Damage -French Model
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOLEADER UG3 – University of ECOLEADER UG3 – University of Bucharest
• Enhancing seismic resistance and durability of
l natural masonry stone▫ Demonstration of a new
polymer grid reinforcementOriginal stone masonry modelpolymer grid reinforcement
▫ Behaviour of granite stone masonry
masonry model
▫ Reinforcement with horizontal bed layersReinforcement with ▫ Reinforcement with additional vertical grid
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
Reinforcement after the first series of tests – 2nd phase
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOLEADER UG3 University of BucharestECOLEADER UG3 – University of Bucharest
Damages observed (1stDamages observed (1st
phase)
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOLEADER UG3 University of BucharestECOLEADER UG3 – University of Bucharest
Damages observed (2nd
phase)
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOLEADER UG4 – University of ECOLEADER UG4 – University of Catalonia
• Rocking motion and impact of historical constructions▫ Contribute to a better
knowledge of historical masonry constructions aso y co st uct o s subjected to earthquakes
▫ Calibration and verification of analytical tools to simulate the analytical tools to simulate the non-linear dynamics involved in the seismic analysis of historical constructionshistorical constructions
▫ Guidelines for practitioners based on a parametric study
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
ECOLEADER UG4 – University of ECOLEADER UG4 – University of Catalonia▫ Testing set-up assembled to
provide a static reference frame where rocking motions gcould be measured without any contact, and to prevent rocks from falling on the h ki blshaking table
▫ Measurement of the kinematics of the rigid block 6d f f h i 6dofs of the specimens
▫ Usage of innovative optical systems (infrared light with
i )5
10
m)
Relativo P1 xMovimento mesa
mirrors)
-10
-5
00 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Time (sec)A
mpl
itude
(mm
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
-15
-10A
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
SPEAR• Seismic Performance
Assessment and Rehabilitation
1:2.5 reduced scale RC model
▫ 3-storey, torsionally unbalanced, building structure representative of southern representative of southern Europe RC construction previous to specific seismic regulation
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
Detail of a beam-column joint
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
SPEARSPEAR
1st floor soft-storey mechanism in the transverse directiontransverse direction
Base shear versus top
1,0g50
displacement in the final test
-25
0
25
-100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75Sh
ear F
orce
[kN
]
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009-75
-50
Displacement [mm]
TranverseLongitudinal
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
PRECAST STRUCTURES EC8PRECAST STRUCTURES EC8
• Seismic behaviour of precast concrete structures▫ Study the behaviour of Precast ▫ Study the behaviour of Precast
structures (full structures and connections) designed in accordance with EC8accordance with EC8
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
SAFECASTSAFECAST
• Experimental activity on new and existing • Experimental activity on new and existing connections▫ LNEC+ANIPB proposed 2 column-to-foundation ▫ LNEC+ANIPB proposed 2 column-to-foundation,
5 beam-to-column, 1 cladding-to-structure and 1 wall panel-to-wall panel connectionswall panel to wall panel connections
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
COMREHAB
• Seismic reinforcement of masonry buildings th h th f through the use of GFRP’s▫ Assessment of the
efficiency of different reinforcement techniques in the seismic behaviour in the seismic behaviour of masonry walls
▫ Tests on twelve models (four unreinforced and (four unreinforced and eight reinforced with two different techniques) with f l l f i l l d
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
four levels of axial load
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
COMREHABCOMREHABDamage observed in a unreinforced model
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009Damage observed in a reinforced model
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
MITRIS – Seismic risk mitigation in gPortugal Mainland
• Seismic behaviour of old stone masonry houses▫ Five 1:3 reduced scale
models with masonry walls and wooden floorswalls and wooden floors
▫ Three different reinforcement techniques qto improve the connection between walls and floors and to improve and floors and to improve the resistance of masonry piers
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
Model 3 – reinforced with GFRP strips and steel ties connecting opposite walls
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
MITRIS – Seismic risk mitigation in Portugal Mainland
Damages observed in Model 3
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
Damages observed in Model 3
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
TLD – Tuned Liquid Dampers for TLD – Tuned Liquid Dampers for seismic vibration mitigation
• Study the behaviour and performance of Tuned Liquid Dampers (TLD) – Passive Protection Systems when Dampers (TLD) Passive Protection Systems when subjected to seismic actions
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
TLD – Tuned Liquid Dampers for TLD Tuned Liquid Dampers for seismic vibration mitigation
pres
são
Computador
Sistema deReservatório
tem po
SCXI
0
1
NationalInstruments
Aquisição de DadosReservatório
Plataforma Sísmica
Transdutor de Força
LVDTSCXI SCXI SCXI SCXI
Sensores de Pressão
LVDT
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
UMinho Seismic behaviour of old UMinho – Seismic behaviour of old stone masonry houses
Model after reinforcementOriginal unreinforced model
Model after reinforcementOriginal unreinforced model
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
UMi h S i i b h i f ld UMinho – Seismic behaviour of old stone masonry housesy
Model after reinforcement
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
Original unreinforced model
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
UMinho – Seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete block masonry
unreinforced
reinforced
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009
SEISMIC ENGINEERING RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES FOR EUROPEAN SYNERGIES
UMinho – Seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete block masonry
unreinforcedunreinforced
•reinforced unreinforced
SERIES 1st Workshop - Iasi, July 14th 2009