seismic jeopardy!. seismic jeopardy! better safe than quarry hazards!! locating quaking crust in...
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Seismic Jeopardy!
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Seismic Jeopardy!Better Safe
than Quarry
Hazards!! Locating Quaking
Crust in Motion
Fault Monitor
10 10 10 10 10
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What are 2 tools that scientists use to monitor
fault movement?
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1. Creep meters2. Laser-ranging devices3. Tilt meters4. Satellites
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What are Elevation and Relief?
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Elevation is a landform’s height above sea level.
Relief is the difference between highest and lowest elevations.
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What poses the most danger during an earthquake?
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Falling objects.
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What are 3 types of landforms? Describe their
elevations and reliefs.
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Plains: have varying elevations (Coastal / Interior) and low relief.
Plateaus: a flat top with high elevation and relief.
Mountains: high elevations & reliefs.
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Where is the safest area to be during an earthquake? What
areas should you avoid?
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The safest area is outside, away from falling objects.
Avoid outer walls and windows.
Final Jeopardy
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Aside from buildings, what other important things can
earthquakes damage?
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Power linesWater mains
Gas linesRoads
Bridges
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An earthquake has just occurred and you’re still alive! But you are not out
of danger yet. Why?
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Aftershocks – smaller, residual quakes – can occur shortly
after the primary quake.
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Describe Liquefaction and how it occurs.
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Liquefaction is when soil turns into a liquid mud. This
is due to rapid, violent vibrations in the earth.
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Describe the process that can cause a Tsunami out in the middle
of the ocean.
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When one plate subducts, the friction can cause the overlying plate to bend. Releasing this energy (an earthquake)
can trigger a massive wave.
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What information can you gather from this picture?
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1. The materials / soil of this road were loosely packed
2. An earthquake occurred with a lot of motion to cause Liquefaction
Final Jeopardy
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Where do earthquakes primarily occur?
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Along a Fault, or break in Earth’s surface where plates
move past one another.
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What is the difference between the Focus and the Epicenter of
an earthquake?
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The Focus is the starting point of a quake, underground.
The Epicenter is the point directly above the focus at the surface.
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What are the 3 types of seismic waves? Give a characteristic of each.
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Primary Waves: first to arrive, compression / tension stress.
Secondary Waves: arrive second, up & down or side to side motion.
Surface Waves: P & S waves that reach the surface, severe ground movement.
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How can we use seismic waves to learn more about
Earth’s interior?
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P-waves can travel through any state of matter.
S-waves can not pass through liquids or air.
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What do the shapes below represent? Explain.
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Final Jeopardy
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The circles represent seismograph stations. Using time between P & S waves, they can tell how far away a quake occurred. Using 3 or more stations,
they can triangulate the exact location.
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What is Stress?
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Stress is the measure of force applied to a given area.
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What effect does stress have on rocks and crust?
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Deformation, which changes the shape or volume.
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What do the following animations represent?
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Compression stress and Tension stress.
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What are Anticlines and Synclines?
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Anticlines are an upward fold or peak in rock.
Synclines are a downward fold or smile in rock.
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A
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Describe the 3 types of Faults. What types of stress are they associated with?
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Normal faults are when the hanging wall moves down from Tension stress.
Reverse faults are when the hanging wall moves up from Compression stress.
Strike-slip faults are when plates slide past each other from Shear stress.
Final Jeopardy
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Define Magnitude.
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A measure of the amount of energy released by
an earthquake.
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What is the Mercalli scale and why is it no longer used?
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Rates earthquake according to damage dealt. Was not accurate.
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What is the Richter scale?
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Developed by Charles Richter, this scale measures the intensity
of ground movements.
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What is Moment Magnitude? Why is it the preferred method for
measuring earthquakes?
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Moment Magnitude measures the total energy an earthquake releases.
Preferred because it can measure any size earthquake, no matter how far.
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What does this graph tell us about the increments of the Richter scale?
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Final Jeopardy
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That the magnitude from one step to the next is a difference of 10 times!
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Demonstrate proper earthquake safety!
Go! Go! Go!
EARTHQUAKE!!!
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STOP
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