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SELECTED TOPICS IN
BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
2015
TUM Asia
Course
CD 5180
Part 2
Slide 1
Charles
Chow
Part 1:
Business
Efficacy
Business is
like War:
Part 2
New Normal
Business:
Part 3
Business
Champions:
Part 4
LEADERSHIP
MANAGEMENT ADMINSTRATION
Blue Ocean Strategy
SWOT Analysis
implementation
grid
business
plan
framework
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
Part 2, Slide 2
Charles Chow
APPLIED TO A BUSINESS
TRIZ
value
innovation
TALLEST
TOWER
TOURNAMENT
PURPOSE:
To experience as a team the essence of
strategy formulation and strategy implementation.
Part 2, Slide 3
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
Tallest Tower Tournament
1. Each Group has 7 cards.
2. Cards cannot be cut, stapled, taped or disfigured in any way.
3. All groups are to plan SIMULTANEOUSLY.
4. Aim: To build the FASTEST, tallest tower.
Judge: Metric Ruler
5. Construction by groups in random sequence.
6. Maximum time per group only 1 minute to construct.
7. All to observe execution together.
Part 2, Slide 4
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
Deliberate Strategy Realized Strategy
Emergent Strategy
Unrealized Strategy
Intended Strategy
Murphy’s Law
CONTINGENCY PLANS
• Plan • Ploy • Pattern • Position • Perspective
James Brian Quinn (1980):
Strategies for Change:
Logical Incrementalism,
Irwin, Homewood Illinois.
Henry Mintzberg (1996): Five Ps for strategy
in Mintzberg, H. & Quinn, J.B. (eds), The
Strategy Process, Concepts, Contexts, Cases,
3rd edn, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, pp 10-17.
Part 2, Slide 5
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
TYRANTS (too many)
Power corrupts;
Absolute power
corrupts absolutely.
LAO ZI : Taoism
Principle of Opposites
(Yin-Yang);
Maintaining equilibrium.
SUN ZI : “Art of War”
Maintaining own advantage
(ethics not included);
System to analyze and
administer conflict.
KONG ZI: Confucius
Proper individual
conduct;
Social harmony.
STRUCTURED
ORGANIZATION
IMPLEMENTATION
MAJOR CHINESE
MANAGEMENT “GURU”s
HARD SOFT
YES
NO
Part 2, Slide 6
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
SEVEN MAJOR MILITARY CLASSICS (collated since Song Dynasty)
1. Taigong Six Secrets (Zhou Dynasty, about 1100 BC)
2. Sunzi Bingfa (Zhou Dynasty, about 514BC)
3. Wei Liaozi Art of Command (Warring States 403-221BC)
4. Huang Shigong Strategies (Han Dynasty, 25-220 AD)
5. The Methods of Sima (Jin Dynasty, 317-420AD)
6. Li Weigong wendui (Tang Dynasty, 618-907 AD)
7. Wuzi Tactics (Song Dynasty, 960-1279AD)
(http://chinese-wiki.com)
82 pien (chapters) and 9 chuan (diagrams),
pruned by Cao Cao (155-220 AD),
“Emperor of Wei”
into present 13 chapters
Salvaged
by Sun Bin (about 360 BC)
Part 2, Slide 7
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
知己知彼 , (zhi ji zhi bi)
Know yourself, know the other side; 百战百胜。 (bai zhan bai sheng)
every battle, victory possible. (Chapter 3)
知彼知己, 胜乃不殆
(zhi bi zhi ji, sheng nai bu dai)
Know the other side, know yourself;
your victory will not be threatened. 知天知地, 胜乃不穷 (zhi tian zhi di, sheng nai bu qiong)
Know weather, know terrain;
your victories will be limitless.
(Chapter 10)
Need for FORESIGHT
All warfare is
based on deception:
speed, surprise & spies
co-operator
coordinator
competitor
avoid conflict,
fight to win
Need for INSIGHT
SIGHT
DELIVERY
DELIVERABLES
mission
vision
Part 2, Slide 8
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
13 chapters (514 BC) oldest military treatise in the world
Sun Zi’s “Art of War”
Doctrines for Engagement
Classifications for War
• 5 types of spies • 6 types of terrain • 7 dimensions in planning • 9 types of battleground
• 5 factors to analyze war • 5 ways to predict victory • 5 ways to use fire
Speed, Surprise & Spies
Leadership
• 5 positive traits • 5 negative traits • To fight or not to fight
• Warfare expert: anonymous, faceless traceless mysterious
Google Sun Zi
Part 2, Slide 9
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
NATIVE Agents
– ordinary people in enemy land.
=> Local Advisors employed for
specific areas of knowledge.
INSIDE Agents
– officials of the enemy.
=> Informers with access to
privilege information.
5 Types of Spies
Part 2, Slide 10
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
DOUBLE Agents – enemy spies employed by us. => Interns and “Independent” consultants
DOOMED Agents – deliberately fed with false information. => grassroots leaders, “volunteers”
LIVING Agents – those who have returned safely from
enemy country. => “project/liaison officers”
5 Types of Spies
Part 2, Slide 11
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
• when capable, feign incapable.
• when able to deploy forces, feign unable.
• when near feign far, and vice-versa.
All warfare is based on deception.
• sleeping partner?, political back-up?
• limited edition?, membership privileges?
• killer applications?, fresh innovations?
Part 2, Slide 12
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
SUN ZI’s “ART OF WAR”
Control of large force is same as for a few men
– merely a question of dividing up the numbers.
Divide & Rule
Standard Operating Procedures
“Management Process” – Environment to Thrive
Part 2, Slide 13
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
When you surround an army,
always leave an outlet free.
sink the boat, but save the crew
vents for frustration (feedbacks – trade union?)
contingency/redundancy plans (be prepared)
SUN ZI’s “ART OF WAR”
Part 2, Slide 14
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
Just as water retains no constant shape,
warfare has no constant conditions.
Partner today, Competitor tomorrow
Change is constant (loyalty at best price?)
“Fix it” or “Sell it”
SUN ZI’s “ART OF WAR”
Part 2, Slide 15
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
SPEED adds strength.
SURPRISE is vital.
• Exploit unpreparedness
• Take unexpected routes
• Attack the least expected
SPIES secure own advantage.
Part 2, Slide 16
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
Ability to prevent defeat
depends on oneself;
Chance for victory
depends on enemy.
Invincibility lies in the defense;
the possibility of victory lies in the attack.
Chapter 4, Line 2
Chapter 4, Line 5
Part 2, Slide 17
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
Sun Zi’s KEY RULES
If battle situation is definite victory, general must engage even though ruler has not issued orders to do so.
Chapter 10. Line 18
If battle situation is definite defeat,
general must not engage even though ruler has issued orders to do so.
Part 2, Slide 18
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
Sun Zi’s SURVIVAL SECRETS
Everyone knows the formation
to secure victory, but no one knows the reason that made victory possible.
Chapter 6, Line 25
Same strategies and tactics
never repeated. (ALWAYS ORIGNAL) Chapter 6, Line 26
Part 2, Slide 19
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
ESSENCE OF
“ART OF WAR”
Unable to win must defend; Able to win must attack.
Select right men and trust them to exploit battle situation and conditions
When I decide to fight, enemy will have no choice but to engage.
When I decide not to fight, I use ploys that contradict normal rules of engagement and prevent enemy from reaching me.
COMMAND
CONTROL
CLARITY
RESOURCES
STRATEGIES
C
O
M
M
U
N
I
C
A
T
I
O
N
Part 2, Slide 20
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
DECEPTION (detection)
PACE
SPACE
TRACE
decoy
detour
disrupt
deny distort
delay
disturb
distract
divert
9 Ds of Deception
Part 2, Slide 21
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
CONTRAST
CATEGORIES
SUN ZI’s
“ART OF WAR”
THE
BHAGAVAD GITA
Author known (multiple & pruned)
unknown
Document manual for battle manual for reflection
Focus Self-interest (fight to win)
Self-control (selfless action)
End Result Position (victory)
Process (purity of intentions)
Key
Essential
Deception (manipulate)
Devotion to duty (motivate)
Enemy
“the other side” - competitor
- cooperator
- coordinator
self - attune
- align
- adapt
Part 2, Slide 22
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
BHAGAVAD GITA
Arjuna (a warrior) in despair when he needs to
kill own relatives.
Need to understand Duty,
to align Individual Spirit (Atman) with Supreme Truth
(Brahman) contributing to the Cycle of Life.
PURPOSE BEFORE SELF
(in business)
Part 2, Slide 23
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
chariot
ARJUNA (warrior)
horses
Alignment of actions with intentions
<Karma Yoga>
Attuned position to purpose.
<Bhakti Yoga>
Aware of being aware (“here & now”)
<Jnana Yoga>
Focus on process:
Need for proper counsel
Inner firmness of purpose
Action in inaction .
KRISHNA (driver)
Part 2, Slide 24
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
Vision/Mission
Results
Part 2, Slide 25
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
SATTVA (synergy : divine)
TAMAS (lethargy : dull)
RAJAS (energy : dynamic)
compassionate & benevolent
enthusiastic & dynamic
inertia & ignorance
GUNAS
inherent inclinations,
to be discovered, not developed
Part 2, Slide 26
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
thinker
innovation (more differently)
inherent
inclination
implementer maintainer
SATTVA
Part 2, Slide 27
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
“can be” MINDFULNESS
(meeting the moment)
“should be”
o Doing * attentive o Delivery * accessible o Deliverables * appropriate
“present” strong self-belief
abundance attitude
non-judgmental
< aware of being aware >
ATTITUDE
ZONE 2
ZONE 1
“should be”
NOW
Figure 1: WORK BECOMES WORKSHIP
Source: Adapted from the Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 2, Verses 33, 38, 40 and 41
Part 2, Slide 28
Charles Chow 2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
Modern management = Zone 1
Performance in the “present” rewarded/punished by benchmarks
“should be”. Actually everyone has more capabilities and capacities
>>> “can be”.
In Zone 2, personal commitment turns task into duty. When the
“fullness of the moment” is merged with “meeting the moment”,
mindfulness turns work into worship, the joy of harmony in action.
Mindfulness = discrimination + discernment
Possible with strong self-belief (trusting own rhythm), an abundance
attitude and being non-judgmental about others.
Every action has the doing, the delivery and the deliverables. With
attitude of “aware of being aware”, the doing becomes more attentive,
the delivery more accessible and the deliverables always appropriate.
Elaboration of Figure 1 by Charles Chow, Management Efficacy, Wisdom from Indian Bhagavad Gita and Chinese Art of War, (to be published by McGraw-Hill in 2013)
Part 2, Slide 29
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
Enemy must die in war. Competitor need
not die in business. But damage to a
reputation can be worse than death. (Gita II:34)
There is something divine in the most
ordinary of things waiting to be
discovered. Work becomes worship
with an inner firmness of purpose. (Gita II:45)
Courage is desirable, but clarity of
purpose is divine. (Gita II:47)
Part 2, Slide 30
Charles Chow 2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
COMPETITIVE
ADVANTAGE (for whom?)
unique value
STAKE-
HOLDERS
Shareholders Workers
Broader Society (Corporate Social Responsibility)
ISO 26000 by 2010
Environment (“carbon neutral”?)
<People, Planet, Profit> Customers
Suppliers
inclusiveness
Adapted from: Pope Benedict XVI, Encyclical Letter
“Caritas in Veritate”, 2009, para 40.
Part 2, Slide 31
Charles Chow
2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180
Part 2:
Business
is like War
MODELS
Part 1, Slide 32
Charles Chow
SUMMARY
Part 2:
Business
is like War
• Intended-Emergent Strategy
• 9Ds of Deception
• Management Stakeholders
• Speed, Surprise & Spies
• Co-operator, Collaborator & Competitor
• BG – inherent inclinations
• BG – work becomes worship
CONCEPTS
Tallest Tower
Tournament 2015 TUM Asia
Course CD 5180