selecting s&t priorities: russia ’ s experience
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Identification of national S&T priority areas with respect to the promotion of innovation and economic growth: the case of Russia Alexander Sokolov State University – Higher School of Economics. Selecting S&T Priorities: Russia ’ s Experience. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Identification of national S&T priority areas with respect to the promotion of innovation
and economic growth:
the case of Russia
Alexander Sokolov
State University – Higher School of Economics
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Selecting S&T Priorities: Russia’s Selecting S&T Priorities: Russia’s ExperienceExperience
1996 - Government Commission on Scientific and Technological Policies approved a list of 8 Priority Areas for S&T Development and 70 Critical Technologies of Federal Importance
1999 - this list was submitted to a large-scale examination by more than 1,000 leading Russian experts
2002 - Russian President approved Basic Policies of the Russian Federation in the Sphere of S&T Development, 9 Priority S&T Areas and 52 Critical Technologies
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Critical technologies (2002)Critical technologies (2002)
lack of strictly defined criteria for selecting and formulating priorities
actual expansion despite formal reduction too big and sector-specific areas covered: • “Prospecting, extraction, refinement and pipeline
transportation of oil and gas” • “Coal mining and procession” et al
almost everything is priority
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Revision of S&T priorities: objectivesRevision of S&T priorities: objectives • Developing criteria for evaluation of technologies
• Analyzing components of existing critical technologies
• Identifying areas with the greatest innovation promise
• Revised lists of priorities and critical technologies together with recommendations on their use
• Evaluating the innovation capacity of critical technologies
• Proposal for practical implementation
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Revision of S&T priorities: main criteriaRevision of S&T priorities: main criteria
capacity for enhancing capacity for enhancing Russia’s national security, Russia’s national security, including its technological including its technological securitysecurity
contribution to accelerating contribution to accelerating GDP growth and enhancing GDP growth and enhancing competitiveness of Russia’s competitiveness of Russia’s national economynational economy
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Revision of S&T priorities: other criteriaRevision of S&T priorities: other criteria
Precise and accurate formulation Precise and accurate formulation Detailed description of breakthrough Detailed description of breakthrough
technologies technologies Applications in different sectors, generation of Applications in different sectors, generation of
new research areasnew research areasConditions for fast practical implementation. Conditions for fast practical implementation. Amount of investment necessary for Amount of investment necessary for
industrial application of technologiesindustrial application of technologiesProbable risksProbable risksApplicability for implementation in the Applicability for implementation in the
framework of public programsframework of public programs
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Revision of S&T priorities: Revision of S&T priorities: practical implementationpractical implementation
Availability of technological developments ready for Availability of technological developments ready for application, their novelty and competitiveness Stage of application, their novelty and competitiveness Stage of development (research, technology, patent, samples, development (research, technology, patent, samples, business plan, market research, etc.)business plan, market research, etc.)
· Potential users among firms in rapidly developing · Potential users among firms in rapidly developing industrial sectorsindustrial sectors
· Workforce potential – researchers and skilled labor force · Workforce potential – researchers and skilled labor force in the industrial sectors where application is most likely in the industrial sectors where application is most likely
· Availability of the necessary production facilities· Availability of the necessary production facilities
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Revision of S&T priorities: procedureRevision of S&T priorities: procedure
Proposals from government agenciesProposals from government agencies
Expert survey 1 – innovation products Expert survey 1 – innovation products
Expert panels – critical technologiesExpert panels – critical technologies
Expert survey 2 – innovation potential Expert survey 2 – innovation potential of critical technologies of critical technologies
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A revised list of S&T prioritiesA revised list of S&T priorities
1. Information and telecommunications systems
2. Nanosystems industry and materials 3. Living systems 4. Rational nature utilization 5. Power engineering and energy saving 6. Safety and terrorism counteraction 7. Prospective armaments, military and
special equipment
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1996 2002 2004
Information technologies and electronics
Information and telecommunication technologies and electronics
Information and telecommunication systems
New materials and chemical technologies
New materials and chemical technologies
Nanosystems industry and materials
Transportation New transportation technologies
Manufacturing technologies
Manufacturing technologies
Living systems technologies
Living systems technologies Living systems
Ecology and rational nature utilization
Ecology and rational nature utilization
Rational nature utilization
Fuel and power engineering
Energy saving technologies Power engineering and energy saving
Prospective armaments, military and special equipment
Prospective armaments, military and special equipment
Space and aviation technologies
Safety and counteracting terrorism
Evolution of priorities
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S&T Evaluation in Russia: S&T Evaluation in Russia: National level
Annual report of the Government to the President «Major directions of government policies in the field of science and technology development»
Performance based budgeting: strategic goals for the 3-year period, relevant national and sectoral programs, and a complex system of target indicators
Evaluation of critical technologies
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S&T Evaluation in Russia: ProgramS&T Evaluation in Russia: Program level
Evaluation of the National S&T Program and other S&T-related programs
Evaluation of particular priority areas (implementation of program tasks, results achieved, socio-economic impact, target indicators)
Evaluation of the budget S&T foundations
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S&T Evaluation in Russia: ProjectS&T Evaluation in Russia: Project level
Applications for research projects within S&T programs
Evaluation of results achieved:
mostly based on independent peer reviews, publication and citation analysis (RFBR)
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S&T Evaluation in Russia: InstitutionalS&T Evaluation in Russia: Institutional level
Evaluation of State Research Centers: monitoring major indicators of SRCs’ activities (budget and non-budget R&D funding, quality of research personnel, fixed assets, R&D output, commercialization of research results, etc.)
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S&T evaluation: government initiativesS&T evaluation: government initiatives
• a complex system of S&T evaluation
• harmonized indicators for international comparisons
• tailor-made statistical surveys
• Russian citation index
• information system for evaluation
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Building of a complex national evaluation system
• Institutions (R&D units, universities, enterprises, SMEs, innovation infrastructure)
• Levels: individual scientists, research teams, sectors of economy, regions etc
• Stages of innovation cycle: basic research, applied research, technology transfer, innovation activities
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Harmonized system of indicators
• Integrated indicators
• Basic indicators of S&T output
• Indicators reflecting impact of S&T on societal development
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Integrated indicators
• global positioning of national S&T and innovation
• S&T specialization
• competitiveness
• science intensity of sectors of economy
• high-tech contribution in GDP and job creation
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Basic indicators of S&T and innovation output
• S&T output – bibliometrics (publications, citation, S&T specialization indices), inventions, IPR (patenting, patent citation, etc); creation of science-intensive technologies
• Technology commercialization; IP utilization• Technology transfer (licenses, TBP, technology
specialization index, etc)• Innovation output• Innovation production and services by novelty level,
competitiveness, return from innovation, organization, marketing and other types of innovation, impact on production development, share of high-tech in export
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Indicators reflecting impact of S&T on societal development
• Public awareness and acceptance of S&T role in socio-economic development
• Social status of S&T activities
• Contribution to education development
• Scientific literacy of population
• Innovation in households