selenium-basics by quontra solutions

7/27/2019 Selenium-Basics by Quontra Solutions

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Prepared By

Quontra SolutionsIT Courses Online Training USAFor DemoCall Us : 1 404-900-9988Email: [email protected]


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Introduction Where to get Selenium?

Selenium Vs QTP,Silktest

Limitations

Features of Selenium

Components Selenium CORE

Configuring SeleniumCORE

Selenium IDE

Selenium IDE-SampleScript

Recording and Executinga Script

Selenium RC(RemoteControl)

Starting Selenium Server

Default Selenium Class

Locators

Sample Script Selenium Command

Reference

Selenium RC Configurationwith Eclipse

Object Identification Selenium Grid


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Selenium is set of different software tools each with a

different approach to supporting test automation.

Selenium is an open source tool.

Selenium supports as many as 8 programming languages

such as HTML , Ruby , PHP, Python, C#, Java, Perl etc.

Latest side of Selenium is Grid, which allows the running of

multiple Selenium tests on different browsers and different

platforms.


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We can everything from the Selenium site

www.seleniumhq.org

Software's:

All the selenium software's can be downloaded by using thebelow link

http://seleniumhq.org/download/

Documentation:

Documentation can be downloaded by using the below link

http://seleniumhq.org/docs/
http://www.seleniumhq.org/http://seleniumhq.org/download/http://seleniumhq.org/docs/http://seleniumhq.org/docs/http://seleniumhq.org/download/http://www.seleniumhq.org/


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Object Identification: Faster: Selenium can identify objects using xpath, So it can

directly go to a specific object Slow: Silk test and QTP follows a hierarchy for locating

objects.

Scripting Language: QTP allow users to write script in VB script only. Silk test has proprietary scripting language 4TL. ( 4 Test

Language ) But Selenium allows writing script in Java, Ruby, Perl, PHP,

C# and Python.

Price : Selenium is an open source tool. Silk and QTP are not free tools

QTP license cost is around $7500 , Silk test license cost is around$8500 USD


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Desktop applications:

We cant automate desktop applications using Selenium.

We can automate using QTP and Silk test.

Object Repository:

Capturing objects properties is a tough task as we need toprepare the object repository.


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It has support for multiple operating systems like Windows, Linux and

Mac

Cross browser testing can be done easily on browsers like IE, Firefox,

Safari, Netscape etc.

It supports multiple programming Languages like C#, Java, Ruby,

Python .. etc

It can be used for automating Ajax and swift web pages.

It is easy to use, if are familiar with any one of supported programming

language

It is easy to learn

It is free-open source tool

It has matured community forums to get clarifications


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Selenium is majorly divided into four components

Selenium CORE

Selenium IDE

Selenium RC(Remote Control)

Selenium Grid


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Selenium Core is a test tool for web applications.

Selenium Core tests run directly in a browser.

And they run in Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox on Windows, Linux, and Macintosh.

This is deprecated with the advent of Selenium IDE and Selenium RC.

Initially IDE has capability for recording test cases only.

In earlier stages executed recorded script using Test runner.

Later IDE introduced with the execution facility.

Disadvantages:

We cannot record scripts using this.

We can run scripts in only HTML format using Test runner.html


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Download the Selenium Core zip file (selenium-core-

1.0.1.zip) and extract the files into a folder.

Open Command Prompt and then navigate to thepath where the files are extracted


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A new Selenium Functional Test Runner window will be opened.

We need to enter the test suite path in Test Suite edit box on the left hand side .

Click on Go and then the screen window changes with the commands.


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Now click on Run option on the right hand side of the window

so that the test case executes successfully.


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IDE means integrated development environment, which is used for record and run the scripts.

Selenium IDE is add-on for Mozilla Firefox.

The recorded scripts in Selenium IDE can be viewed in the following supported languages:

1) HTML 2) Java 3) C# 4) PERL 5) Python 6) Ruby 7) PHP

The recorded scripts in Selenium IDE can be run against other browsers like IE, Safari,

Google, Chrome and Opera by using Selenium RC.

By default the script that is recorded should be saved with the .html extension.

It will keep the user actions as they are performed and store them as a reusable script to play

back.

It supports only for Firefox.

Using Selenium IDE we can record, save, execute and debug the scripts

It cant support for Database verifications Error handling and Customize reporting.


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The script is saved as .html file so the run options are

active

Observations:

Table is active here because the extension is .html

Run Options are active and we can run the test casenow.


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These are the statements

generated during record from

IDE


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Observations:

Table is not available because the format of the

script is changed to Java.

Run options are graded out because the default

format for Selenium IDE is HTML.


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Open Firefox and application you want to test Launch Selenium IDE using tools-Selenium IDE By default, you should be in the recording mode, but confirm it by observing the Red button. By default it will be in the HTML format. Otherwise, go to Options-Format-Select HTML Format. Record some actions and make sure that these are coming on Selenium IDE. During recording if you right click on any element it will show all the selenium commands

available. You can also edit existing command, by selecting it and editing on the boxes available. You can also insert/delete commands by choosing appropriate option after right clicking. Choose appropriate run option - i.e walk, run or test runner and review your results. The recorded script can be viewed in two options: 1) Table 2) Source In Table, we can see the script in tabular format. In Source, we can see the script in html code.

If we want to see the recorded script in other selenium supported languages, Go to Options,thenselect Format select the desired language.

Drawback

Biggest drawback of Selenium IDE is its limitation in terms of the browser support (only MozillaFirefox).


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Selenium RC comes in two parts i.e. Server and Client libraries

Selenium-RC software comes with seven folders and we need

to use these files to configure RC with the language chosen.

1) selenium-server-1.0.3 -Configuration files for launching the RC server

2) selenium-java-client-driver-1.0.1- Java supported RC files

3) selenium-perl-client-driver-1.0.1-Perl supported RC files

4) selenium-php-client-driver-1.0.1-PHP supported RC files

5) selenium-python-client-driver-1.0.1-Python supported RC files

6) selenium-ruby-client-driver-1.0.1-Ruby supported RC files

7) selenium-dotnet-client-driver-1.0.1-C# supported RC files

Selenium RC uses a server called Jetty Server for launching browsers


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Selenium RC is an Open Source platform and supports only web-

applications for automation.

We can develop scripts using any popular programming languages

Using Selenium RC with a high-level programming language allows

us to query database, email test results and use iteration statements

to navigate through the result set

Using RC we can execute scripts in different browsers and platforms


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Before starting any tests you must start the server.

Go to the directory where Selenium-RCs server is located

and run the following from a command-line console.

Command to start server is java -jar selenium-server.jar

Command to stop selenium server http://localhost:4444/selenium-server/driver/?cmd=shutDown


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We can do this in our test code using the SeleniumServer class We need to follow below steps

Create an object for SeleniumServer class

Use Start method for starting server.

User Stop method for stopping server.

Sample code for Starting and Stopping selenium server.SeleniumServer server = new SeleniumServer();server.start();..

server.stop(); With the server running, we may now use a client also.

Selenium selenium = new DefaultSelenium( String seleniumServerHost,int seleniumServerPort,String browserType,String baseURL);

selenium.open("http://www.somesite.com/somePage.html");selenium.stop();


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Default Seleniumis class for creating browser reference

Variables used in the Default Selenium constructor are:

seleniumServerHostis the where the Selenium Server is running. i.e. hostname

seleniumServerPortis the port on which the Selenium Server is listening. The default port is 4444.

browserTypeis the type of browser you want to use for testing.

Common browser types are *firefox, *iexplore, *opera and etc.

baseURLis the base URL for the site you are testing.

Now, just opening a page isnt all that useful. We need to interact with the page. To

do this, we use our selenium clients methods withlocators. For example:

selnium.click("link=Text For Some Link");

The string link=Text For Some Link is a locator.


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In Selenium, the objects are called as locators and they can be identified using Xpath, DOM or CSS.

Locators take the form of

locatorType=argument

A locator type can be an element id, an element name, an xpath expression, link text, and

more.

A few examples:

selenium.click(id=idOfThing); //an id locator

selenium.click(name=nameOfThing); //a name locator

selenium.click(xpath=//img[@alt='The image alt text']); //an xpath locators

slenium.click(dom=document.images[56] ); //a DOM locator

selenium.click(link=Test Page For Selenium); //a link locator

selenium.click(css=span#firstChild); //a css locator

Locators will be covered in detail in the next session on Objects Construction.


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import com.thoughtworks.selenium.*; // This is a package need to be include for using Selenium API

public class SampleScript // This is Class name

{

public static void main( String args[] ) throws Exception // This is main function

{

// This is the statement for Creating Browser Object

DefaultSelenium Brw= new DefaultSelenium ("localhost",4444,"*chrome", "http://");

Brw.start(); // This statement starts the Browser

Brw.open("www.google.com"); // This statement loads google.com urlBrw.waitForPageToLoad("30000"); // This stmt waits till loading complete web page

Brw.windowMaximize(); // This stmt maximizes browser window

Brw.type("//input[@name='q']", "valuelabs"); // This stmt enters Valuelabs text in search field

Brw.click("//input[@name='btnG']"); // This stmt clicks on google search button

}

}

//input[@name='q] Object Identifier for Search Field

//input[@name='btnG']Object locator for Search Btn


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Below are usefull commands in selenium open - opens a page using a URL captureScreenshot - Captures a PNG screenshot to the specified file Check- Check a toggle-button (checkbox/radio) Click - Clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button CloseClicks on the "close" button in the titlebar of a popup window or tab

doubleClick - Double clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button getEval - Gets the result of evaluating the specified JavaScript code getHtmlSource- Returns the entire HTML source getLocation- Gets the absolute URL of the current page getText - Gets the text of an element getTitle - Gets the title of the current page getValue- Gets the value of an input field goBack - clicks on the "back" button on their browser isChecked- Gets whether a toggle-button (checkbox/radio) is checked isElementPresent- Verifies that the specified element is somewhere on the page isTextPresent- Determines if the specified element is visible RefreshClicks on the "Refresh" button on their browser


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Select- Select an option from a drop-down

selectFrame - Selects a frame within the current window

selectWindow - Selects a popup window

Start - Launches the browser with a new Seleniumsession

Stop- Ends the test session, killing the browser

Type- Sets the value of an input field

Uncheck- Uncheck a toggle-button (checkbox/radio)

windowMaximize - Resize currently selected windowto take up the entire screen


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Prerequisites If we want to configure Selenium RC with

Eclipse, following files are required

Eclipse JDK 1.5 or Later versions.

Selenium JAR files

a) selenium-server.jar

b) selenium-java-client-driver.jar c) junit.jar

d) Poi related jar files (For handling excel)


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Open the Eclipse by double clicking oneclipse.exe, Click on OK for workspace

launcher. Click on workbench, it will allow you to move

inside the eclipse.

Click on File->New->Select Java

Project. Enter the Project name and then click on

Configure JREs


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Click on Add and givethe path upto the jdkdirectory so that all the

JRE files will be added

and click on Finish.


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Now the JRE issuccessfullyconfigured withour project rootdirectory

Right click on JRESystem Library->Build Path->Configure Build

Path


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Click on AddExternal JARs andthen select the four

jar files and add

them to ourproject.


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Now the jar files are alsosuccessfully configured with ourproject. Click on Run from the Menu--> External Tools-->SelectExternal Tools Configuration--

> Double Clickon Program and then enter thefollowing details as shown inthe screen. Click on Apply and then click

on Run.


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Now the Selenium RC issuccessfully configured withEclipse and you are ready towrite the scripts and executethem successfully.

On successful running ofSelenium server, the eclipseIDE gives an message that theserver started successfully onport number 4444(default)


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For identifying the properties in Selenium, we use thebelow tools:

Debug bar for Internet Explorer.

Firebug for Mozilla Firefox.

Debug bar Installation Download the debug bar software by using the below

link:

http://www.debugbar.com/

Click on the exe file and then install the software. Once the software is installed, you will find the debug

bar on the left side of the window.


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Drag thecircle andplace it on the

object whichwe want toidentify theobject.


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The properties willbe identified in theAttrs field. Usingthese fields, we can

identify theobjects.


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Firebug InstallationDownload the debug bar software by using

the below link:

https://addons.mozilla.org/en-

US/firefox/addon/1843/Click on the exe file and then install the

software.

Once the software is installed, you will find the

firebug on the bottom of the window.


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Once we selectthe object,automaticallythe objects

properties willbe displayed inthe bottom:


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Selenium Grid is used for launching the multiple browsers

with supported operating system in parallel.

We can run the scripts on different browsers in parallel.

Selenium Grid is a tool that dramatically speeds upfunctional testing of web-apps.

It allows you to easily run multiple tests in parallel, onmultiple machines, in a heterogeneous environment.

Selenium Grid consists of a component called Selenium

Hub which is the unique entry point for all the testsrunning by using Selenium Grid.


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To ease the maintenance of a Selenium-Griddeployment:

Selenium Grid Hub sends periodic heartbeatmessages to all registered Remote Controls tomake sure that they are still up and running.

Selenium Grid Remote Controls send periodicheartbeat messages to the Hub to check that itstill considers them as registered.


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Call Us : +1(404)-900-9988Email:[email protected]


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