self-directed learning : principle and general concept supreeya wongtra-ngan 27/08/04
TRANSCRIPT
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Self-Directed Learning: Principle and General concept
Supreeya Wongtra-ngan
27/08/04
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Learning Theories
• Behaviorism
Learning : result of reinforcing responses to stimuli
Skinner
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Learning Theories
• Cognitivism/Constructivism
Constructs own understandings of reality through interaction w/ environment and reflection on actions
Bruner
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Learning Theories• HumanismPersonal freedom,
choice, responsibility
Achievement motivation towards highest levels
Control of own destiny
Maslow
Knowles
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Learning theories
Adult learner by Knowles,1990
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SDL
• Method of organising teaching and learning
• Learning style
• A goal towards which learners strive
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Educational approachAssumptions
Teacher-directed (Pedagogy)
Self – directed (Andragogy)
Concept of the learner
Dependent personality
Increasingly self-directed
Role of learner’s experience
Less, need transmitted resource
A rich resource for learning
Readiness to learn
Varies with levels of maturation
Develops from life tasks and problems
Orientation to learning
Subject - centred
Task – or problem –centred
Motivation External rewards and punishments
Internal incentives, curiosity
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SDL by M Knowles
• Part I : The learner
• Part II : The teacher
• Part III : Learning resources
Knowles
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Adult learner
• Adult are independent and self-directing
•Accumulate a great deal of experience (a rich
source for learning)
•Value learning that integrates w/ the demands
of their everyday life
Knowles
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Adult learner
•More interested in immediate, problem centered approaches
•More activated to learn by internal drives
Knowles
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SDL by M Knowles
• Part I : The learner• Setting a climate :warm, mutual
respect, clear role, mutual trust• Diagnostic needs for learning : why
SDL?, what SDL?, what competencies required?
• Design a learning plan : Learning contract
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SDL by M Knowles
• Part I : The learner
• Part II : The teacher• Setting a climate• Define a new role : facilitate process
design• Develop self-directed learner• Implement the role of facilitator:
meeting 3 hr/wk
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SDL by M Knowles
• Part I : The learner
• Part II : The teacher
• Part III : Learning resources• Identify specific resources and
strategies for each objectives
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Key elements of SDL
The learner takes initiative for:
• Diagnosing learning needs
• Formulating goals
• Identifying resources
• Implementing appropriate activities
• Evaluating outcomes
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SDL learner
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Key features of guided discovery learning
• A context and frame for student learning through the provision of learning outcomes
• Learners have responsibility for
exploration of content necessary for
understanding through SDL
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Key features of guided discovery learning
• Study guides are used to facilitate and
guide SDL
• Understanding is reinforced through
application in problem oriented, task
based, and work related experiences
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Congratulation!
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How to develop SDL in our learners?
Teacher’s role:
Independent
Dependent(Role modeling)
Coaching
Facilitating
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How to develop SDL in our learners?
Develop and practice skills that improve SDL:
• ASKING QUESTION• CRITICALLY APPRAISING NEW
INFORMATION
• IDENTIFYING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL GAPS
• REFLECTIG CRITICALLY ON LEARNING PROCESS AND OUTCOMES
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Who is engaged in SDL?
• Some adults are incapable of engaging in SDL because they lack independence, confidence, or resource
• Not all adults prefer the SDL option
Brookfield 1985
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SDL is NOT likely
• Self study• Assignment• Teacher way out• Do whatever students want• etc
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Failure of SDL
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Why SDL not success?
Learner
• Low confidence Learn from one another
• Poor self-concept Portfolio review and assessment
Feedback
etc
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Why SDL not success?
Teacher• Threat to their authority
Institution
• Difficult to change
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