self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Self-Excited Induction Generator as an Auxiliary Brake
![Page 2: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Contents
• Introduction
• Braking systems in vehicles
• Self excited induction generator
• Regenerative braking
• Proposed auxiliary brake
• Experimental results
• Conclusion
• References
2
![Page 3: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction
• Brake –main system for driver safety
• Heavy vehicles need high braking torque and high reliability
• Risk of brake fade down the slope
• Retarder braking system proves effective
Types
• Engine compression retarder
• Engine exhaust retarder
• Engine hydraulic retarder
• Electric retarder
3
![Page 4: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Electric Retarder Brake
• Placed within drive train
• Augment frictional braking system
• Serve to slow and maintain steady speed for heavy vehicles
• Increasing service life of frictional brakes
4
![Page 5: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Electric Retarder Brake….
• Eddy current brake
• Conventional ERB require dc control power
• Some- self excited ERB employs permanent magnets
• Proposing a self excited ERB without permanent magnets
• SEIG+ Electric retarder =auxiliary brake!!
5
![Page 6: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Self excited ERB
6
Shaft/Rotor
SEIG Retarder
Stator Stator
StatorStator
Current
![Page 7: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Self Excited Induction Generator
7
![Page 8: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SEIG…
• Induction motor made to run above Ns
• Slip negative
• Delta connected capacitor bank for the supply of reactive power
• Takes reactive power -Delivering active power
• The stator flux induces currents in the rotor, but since the opposing rotor flux is now cutting the stator coils
8
![Page 9: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Required capacitance of SEIG
9
a= per unit frequencyb=per unit speed
2
3
1
![Page 10: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Required capacitance of SEIG..
10
![Page 11: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
IM SEIG
Induction
Motor
Induction
Generator
SEIG
11
Prime mover run at N>Ns Reactive power taken from supply line
Prime mover run at N>Ns Reactive power supplied by capacitor bank
![Page 12: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Advantages of SEIG as auxiliary brake
• Efficiency in braking system is not important
• Can be controlled by simple circuits
• Regenerative braking
• Robust
12
![Page 13: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Regenerative Braking
• Earlier K.E Heat energy
• Energy recovery mechanism: K.E Usable energy
• Electric motor Electric Generator
(running) (braking)
• Delhi metro reduced CO2 emissions
13
![Page 14: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Regenerative Braking..
14
![Page 15: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Limitations of Regenerative braking
Used in conjunction with Friction based braking
• Effect drop off at lower speed
• Need Backup
• Effective when sink is not fully charged
• Power on some wheels
• Poor emergency braking performance
15
![Page 16: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Proposed Electric Retarder
16
![Page 17: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
SEIG
17
• Capacitor exciting current IG Capacitor V Exc.current
• Voltage buildup continues till Xm gets saturated
• Without load : Is=Ic
• With load : Is=Ic + IL
• Load current control strategy to control braking torque
![Page 18: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Control System - Load
• Rectifier , Control signal generator, Load impedance , Switch
• Rectifier
Half wave rectifier dc voltage value=peak value of induced emf
Self excited voltage very high
Low CRect rectified voltage will vary highly
High CRect Voltage build up time increases
18
![Page 19: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Control System…
• Load impedance
RL+jXL limits load current during switched on
When switched off , load current flows through F.D
High frequency switching with help of control signal gen.is used
• Control signal generator
Schmitt trigger control switching frequency
RC1 and RC2 create a raw control signal with low voltage
Large Cc2 fswitch
19
![Page 20: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Control System…
• Switch
Power MOSFET used to control load current
IGBT not used as it needs negative V to switch off
• Interface for Battery charging converter
Scope for both power regeneration and braking torque
System cost increases
Problem arises when battery is fully charged
20
![Page 21: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Experimental setup
21
![Page 22: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Results
22
![Page 23: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Results…
23
![Page 24: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Conclusion
• Introduced SEIG as a brake and simple control circuit is proposed
• Controller does not need ECU thus cheap
• Since point meter has constant value , controller is stable
• Operating principle and control strategy is verified in Exp. Model
• Modifications in main devices in control circuit ,controlling a scaled up retarder becomes possible
24
![Page 25: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
References
• “ Self-Excited Induction Generator as an Auxiliary Brake for Heavy Vehicles and Its Analog Controller"by Jae-Nam Bae , in IEEE transactions on industrial electronics ,vol,62,no 5,May 2015
• IEEE journal on”Capacitance requirements of self excited induction generators”by T F Chan in IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 8, No. 2, June 1993
• Electrical Machines II by U A Bakshi and M V Bakshi
• Wikipedia
25
![Page 26: Self excited induction generator as an auxilary brake](https://reader031.vdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022021816/58ad550e1a28ab0b0f8b5917/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
THANK YOU