selfish accessibility: wordcamp london 2017
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Selfish AccessibilityPresented by Adrian Roselli for WordCamp London 2017
Slides from this workshop will be available at rosel.li/wcldn
![Page 2: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introductions
![Page 3: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• I’ve written some stuff,• Member of W3C,• Building for the web
since 1993,• Learn more at
AdrianRoselli.com,• Avoid on Twitter @
aardrian.Great bedtime reading!
About Adrian Roselli
![Page 4: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• This trip paid for by The Paciello Group.• But please do not tell them in case they do
not know.
Seriously. Do not tell them.
About Adrian Roselli
![Page 5: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Primer
![Page 6: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What is a11y?
• A numeronym for “accessibility”:• The first and last letter (accessibility),• The number of characters omitted (a11y).
• Prominent on Twitter (character restrictions):• #a11y
• Examples:• l10n → localization• i18n → internationalization
Ain’t language funsies?
![Page 7: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Accessibility Gets No Respect
In fairness, Sherwin Williams needs to come up with a lot of color names...
“Cyberspace” (gray)
“Online” (blue)
“Lime Rickey” (green)
![Page 8: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Accessibility Gets No Respect
In fairness, Sherwin Williams needs to come up with a lot of color names...
“Cyberspace” (gray)
“Online” (blue)
“Lime Rickey” (green)
![Page 9: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Accessibility Gets No Respect
…however I think the team could have done better than this.
![Page 10: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What We’ll Cover
• Yay Statistics!• Be Selfish• User Experience Models• Technical Bits• WordPress Goes WCAG• Wrap-up• Resources
Work with me, people.
![Page 11: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Yay Statistics!
![Page 12: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Any Disability
• In the United States:• 10.4% aged 21-64 years old,• 25% aged 65-74 years old,• 50% aged 75+.
• Includes:• Visual• Hearing• Mobility• Cognitive
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/http://www.disabilitystatistics.org/reports/2012/English/HTML/report2012.cfm?fips=2000000&html_year=2012
![Page 13: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Vision Impairments
• 285 million worldwide:• 39 million are blind,• 246 million have low vision,• 82% of people living with blindness are aged 50
and above.• 1.8% of Americans aged 21-64.• 4.0% of Americans aged 65-74.• 9.8% of Americans aged 75+.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/http://www.disabilitystatistics.org/reports/2012/English/HTML/report2012.cfm?fips=2000000&html_year=2012
![Page 14: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Hearing Impairments
• 360 million people worldwide have disabling hearing loss.
• 17% (36 million) of American adults report some degree of hearing loss:• 18% aged 45-64 years old,• 30% aged 65-74 years old,• 47% aged 75+ years old.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/Pages/quick.aspx
![Page 15: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Mobility Impairments
• In the United States:• 5.5% aged 21-64 years old.• 15.6% aged 65-74 years old.• 32.9% aged 75+.
http://www.disabilitystatistics.org/reports/2012/English/HTML/report2012.cfm?fips=2000000&html_year=2012
![Page 16: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cognitive Impairments
• Dyslexia,• Dyscalculia,• Memory issues,• Distractions (ADD, ADHD),• In the United States:• 4.3% aged 21-64 years old.• 5.4% aged 65-74 years old.• 14.4% aged 75+.
http://www.disabilitystatistics.org/reports/2012/English/HTML/report2012.cfm?fips=2000000&html_year=2012&subButton=Get+HTML
![Page 17: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Be Selfish
![Page 18: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
WebAIM’s Hierarchy for Motivating Accessibility Change
http://webaim.org/blog/motivating-accessibility-change/
![Page 19: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
My Hierarchy for Motivating Accessibility Change
Is better, no?
![Page 20: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Getting Older
• Affects (nearly) everyone,• Carries risks and side effects,• Is not for the young.
I’m still experimenting with it.
![Page 23: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Accidents
• Broken limbs,• Eye injuries,• Hearing injuries,• Head trauma.
All of these have happened to me, multiple times.
![Page 28: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
But I’m Invincible!
• Multi-tasking,• Sunlight,• Eating at your desk,• No headphones handy,• Content is not in your native language.
The sun is trying to kill me.
![Page 29: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Mariëlle on Flickr.
![Page 30: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
barockschloss on Flickr.
![Page 31: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Seb on Flickr.
![Page 32: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
A.Davy on Flickr.
![Page 34: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
SuperFantastic on Flickr.
![Page 35: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
World Bank Photo Collection on Flickr.
![Page 36: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Lars Kristian Flem on Flickr.
![Page 37: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Tech Support
• Think of your family!• Think of your time spent helping them!• Think of the wasted holidays!
This is why we hate the holidays.
![Page 39: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
User Experience Models
![Page 40: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
User Stories
• Components:• User,• Outcome,• Value.
• Writing:• As user, I want outcome.• As user, I want outcome so that value.• In order to get value as user, I want outcome.
How to Write User Stories for Web Accessibility
![Page 41: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Selfish User Stories
• As a user on a sun-lit patio, I want to be able to read the content and see the controls.
Add beer and as a user I may have trouble focusing.
![Page 42: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Selfish User Stories
• As a user in bed with a sleeping spouse, I want to watch a training video in silence so that I can get caught up at work.
As a user who doesn’t want to get punched for having slacked off at work.
![Page 43: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Selfish User Stories
• In order to click links as a user with no elbow room in coach class with a tiny trackpad, I want click areas to be large enough and adequately spaced.
As a user in coach class who also paid too much for the drink he’s spilling on his keyboard.
![Page 44: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Selfish User Stories
• As a user distracted by the TV, I want clear headings and labels so that I don’t lose my place.
As a user who really should be finishing his work in the office.
![Page 45: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Personas
Book Excerpt: A Web for Everyone, by Sarah Horton, Whitney Quesenbery
![Page 46: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Personas
Adrian• Works when he should be relaxing, relaxes
when he should be working.• Lives between motorcycles.• Works late at night with the TV on.• Uses sub-titles in Netflix.• Keeps all screens as dark as possible.
That photo is from official ID.
![Page 47: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Technical Bits
![Page 48: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Use @alt Text on Images
![Page 49: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Use @alt Text on Images
![Page 50: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Use @alt Text on Images
• Can you still make sense of the page?• Is content missing?• Can you still use the site?• Is your alt text useful?
http://www.karlgroves.com/2013/09/05/the-6-simplest-web-accessibility-tests-anyone-can-do/
![Page 51: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Use @alt Text on Images
http://www.4syllables.com.au/2010/12/text-alternatives-decision-tree/http://dev.w3.org/html5/alt-techniques/#tree
1. What role does image
play?
2. Does it present new
info?
3. What type of info?
Informative Yes
alt=""or
<a href="foo"><img alt="">Link</a>alt=""or
Use CSS
alt="descriptive identification"or
alt="short label" + caption
Pure
ly D
ecor
ative Se
nsor
y
No alt="label for link"
alt=“short alternative"or
alt="short label" + caption
alt="short label + location of long alternative"or
long text alternative on same or linked page
Long
/ Co
mpl
ex
Shor
t / S
impl
eLink
![Page 52: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Hyperlinks!
http://www.sitepoint.com/15-rules-making-accessible-links/
![Page 53: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Hyperlinks!
• Is there any “click here,” “more,” “link to…”?• Are you using all-caps, URLs, emoticons?• Do you warn before opening new windows?• Do links to downloads provide helpful info?• Are you using pagination links?• Are your links underlined (or otherwise obvious)?• Is there alt text for image links?• Is the link text consistent?
http://www.sitepoint.com/15-rules-making-accessible-links/
![Page 54: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Use Link Underlines
http://www.theverge.com/2014/3/13/5503894/google-removes-underlined-links-site-redesign
![Page 55: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Use Link Underlines
• You are not Google:• Users know Google’s layout,• Users probably don’t visit your site daily.
• Relying on color alone will not suffice (WCAG 1.4.1 [A], 1.4.3 [AA]),
• Necessary contrast values:• 4.5:1 between text and its background for copy,• 3:1 between text and its background for larger text,• 3:1 between surrounding text and a hyperlink, plus an
additional visual cue (G183).http://adrianroselli.com/2014/03/i-dont-care-what-google-did-just-keep.html
![Page 57: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Use :focus Styles
• Particularly if you removed link underlines,• Everywhere you have :hover, add :focus,• Look for :focus{outline:none;} in libraries:• If you find it, remove it.
• Easy to test with the tab key.
http://adrianroselli.com/2014/06/keep-focus-outline.html
![Page 58: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Tritanopia
Color Contrast
![Page 59: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Protanopia
Color Contrast
![Page 60: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Deuteranopia
Color Contrast
![Page 61: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Color Contrast
• Is there enough contrast?• Are hyperlinks, menus, etc. still visible?• WCAG 2.0:• 4.5:1 for normal text• 3:1 for large text (14+pt & bold, or 18+pt)
• Tools:• Chrome Color Contrast Analyzer• Lea Verou’s Contrast Ratio• WebAIM Color Contrast Checker• CheckMyColours.com
http://www.inpixelitrust.fr/blog/en/tips-create-accessible-color-palette/http://alistapart.com/blog/post/easy-color-contrast-testing
![Page 62: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Use <label> (properly)
![Page 63: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Use <label> (properly)
• Match the for attribute to the corresponding field’s id attribute.
• When you click label text next to a text box, does the cursor appear in the field?
• When you click label text next to a radio / checkbox, does it get toggled?
• When you click label text next to a select menu, does it get focus?
http://www.karlgroves.com/2013/09/05/the-6-simplest-web-accessibility-tests-anyone-can-do/
![Page 64: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Use HTML5
![Page 65: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Use HTML5
<header role="banner">
<nav role="navigation">
<aside role="complementary">
<form role="search">
<footer role="contentinfo">
<main role="main">
![Page 66: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Use HTML5
“Mobile” often means narrow screen in RWD, as well as this context.
![Page 67: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Use HTML5
<header role="banner">
<nav role="navigation">
<aside role="complementary">
<form role="search">
<footer role="contentinfo">
<main role="main">
“Mobile” often means narrow screen in RWD, as well as this context.
![Page 68: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Use HTML5
• Sectioning elements already have accessibility built in. Use them.• <header>• <nav>• <main> (one per page)• <aside>• <footer>• <form> (a search form)
This stuff is baked in!
![Page 69: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Use <h#> Wisely
![Page 70: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Use <h#> Wisely
• Use only one <h1> per page,• Don’t skip heading levels,• Use appropriate nesting,• There is no Document Outline Algorithm:• Don’t use <h1> within every new <section> nor <article>,
• This will not affect your SEO.
http://adrianroselli.com/2013/12/the-truth-about-truth-about-multiple-h1.html
![Page 71: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
<button>, <input>, or <a>
http://adrianroselli.com/2016/01/links-buttons-submits-and-divs-oh-hell.html
![Page 72: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
<button>, <input>, or <a>
• Don’t use a <div> nor <span>.• Does the control take me to another URL?• Use an <a href>.• Note: does not fire on space-bar.
• Does the control change something on the current page?• Use a <button>.
• Does the control submit form fields?• Use a <input type="submit"> or <button type="submit">.
http://adrianroselli.com/2016/01/links-buttons-submits-and-divs-oh-hell.html
![Page 73: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Don’t Use tabindex > 0
https://www.digitalgov.gov/2014/11/17/user-experience-impossible-the-line-between-accessibility-and-usability/
![Page 74: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Don’t Use tabindex > 0
• tabindex="-1"• Use to set focus with script,• Does not put it in tab order of page.
• tabindex="0"• Allows user to set focus (eg: via keyboard),• Puts in tab order of page (based on DOM).
• tabindex="1" (or greater)• Do not do this,• Messes with natural tab order.
http://adrianroselli.com/2014/11/dont-use-tabindex-greater-than-0.html
![Page 75: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Maybe Use tabindex=0
http://adrianroselli.com/2016/02/keyboard-and-overflow.html
![Page 76: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Maybe Use tabindex=0
• Do you have scrolling content boxes?• Keyboard users cannot access it.
• Do you have content that displays on hover?• Keyboard users probably cannot access it.
• A technique:• <div role="region" aria-label="[if appropriate]" tabindex="0">
http://adrianroselli.com/2016/02/keyboard-and-overflow.html
![Page 77: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Set lang attribute on <html>
http://codepen.io/aardrian/pen/rOGYNL
![Page 78: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Set lang attribute on <html>
http://codepen.io/aardrian/pen/rOGYNL
![Page 79: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Set lang attribute on <html>
• VoiceOver uses to auto-switch voices,• VoiceOver uses appropriate accenting,• JAWS loads correct phonetic engine /
phonologic dictionary,• NVDA matches VoiceOver and JAWS,• Use the correct lang value:• Sub-tags are ok,• Avoid private-use: en-GB-x-hixie
http://adrianroselli.com/2015/01/on-use-of-lang-attribute.html
![Page 80: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Source Order Matters
http://codepen.io/aardrian/full/MavVeb/
Firefox
Chrome
![Page 81: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Source Order Matters
• CSS techniques allow visual order to break from DOM order:• Floats,• Absolute positioning,• Flexbox (see 5.4.1 of ED for a11y note),• Grid (read Rachel Andrew on subgrid).
• WCAG 1.3.2 and 2.4.3 describe meaningful sequence and tab order matching visual flow,
• Different behavior among different browsers.http://adrianroselli.com/2015/09/source-order-matters.html http://200ok.nl/a11y-flexbox/
![Page 82: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Don’t Disable Zoom
http://codepen.io/aardrian/full/dYNJOVhttp://codepen.io/aardrian/full/ojBpjw
![Page 83: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Don’t Disable Zoom
• Allow users on mobile to zoom in,• Look in <meta name="viewport"> for this:
• minimum-scale=1.0• maximum-scale=1.0• user-scalable=no
• Look in @-ms-viewport {} for this:• zoom:1.0
• Enhance!
http://adrianroselli.com/2015/10/dont-disable-zoom.html
![Page 84: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Avoid Infinite Scroll
http://www.pewresearch.org/category/publications/
![Page 85: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Avoid Infinite Scroll
• Makes it impossible to access some content:• Footer,• Sidebar links.
• Destroys the back button,• Makes it impossible to share a URL to specific
“page” of results,• Makes it impossible to jump ahead several “pages”
of results,• Can overwhelm AT users, less powerful devices.
http://adrianroselli.com/2014/05/so-you-think-you-built-good-infinite.htmlhttp://adrianroselli.com/2015/05/for-infinite-scroll-bounce-rate-is.html
![Page 86: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Use Captions/Subtitles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V592VMJeXc8
![Page 87: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Use Captions/Subtitles
• Everybody uses them:• Working in public, in bed, at home,• Surfing in public, in bed, at work.
• Should include audio descriptions,• Should include speaker identification,• Review auto-captions (“craptions”):• NoMoreCraptions.com
http://adrianroselli.com/2013/11/captions-in-everyday-use.html
![Page 88: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Use Captions/Subtitles
• Do video/audio clips have text alternatives?• Are links to closed-captions or transcripts built into
the player or separate text links?• Is there an audio description available?• Tools:• Media Access Australia YouTube captioning tutorial,
Vimeo captioning tutorial,• Tiffany Brown’s WebVTT tutorial,• DIY Resources for Closed Captioning and Transcription
from 3 Play Media.http://webaim.org/techniques/captions/
![Page 89: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
WAI-ARIA
• Web Accessibility Initiative – Accessible Rich Internet Applications.
• Adds accessibility information to HTML elements.
• Can be used with prior versions of HTML.• WAI-ARIA 1.0 published March 20, 2014.
http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/
![Page 90: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Five Rules of ARIA Use
1. If you can use a native HTML5 element with semantics/behavior already built in, then do so, instead of repurposing another element.
RT this! https://twitter.com/aardrian/status/454249142387081219
![Page 91: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Five Rules of ARIA Use
2. Do not change native semantics. Unless you really have to (no <h1> with a role="button", for example).
RT this! https://twitter.com/aardrian/status/454249201564532737
![Page 92: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Five Rules of ARIA Use
3. All interactive ARIA controls must be usable with the keyboard — keyboard users must be able to perform equivalent actions.
RT this! https://twitter.com/aardrian/status/454249253284483072
![Page 93: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Five Rules of ARIA Use
4. Do not use role="presentation" or aria-hidden="true" on a focusable element. If you do so, some users will never be able to focus.
RT this! https://twitter.com/aardrian/status/454249297408585729
![Page 94: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Five Rules of ARIA Use
5. All interactive elements must have an accessible name. This may come from visible (text on a button) or invisible (alt text on an image) property.
http://rawgit.com/w3c/aria-in-html/master/index.html#fifth-rule-of-aria-use Accessible name: http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/terms#def_accessible_name
![Page 95: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
HTML/ARIA Don’t
• <div onclick="DoThing();">Do a thing.</div>
I see this all the time.
![Page 96: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
HTML/ARIA Don’t
• <div onclick="DoThing();" tabindex="0">Do a thing.</div>
I see this a bunch, too.
![Page 97: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
HTML/ARIA Don’t
• <div onclick="DoThing();" tabindex="0" onkeypress="DoThing();" >Do a thing.</div>
Excluded bits like if(event.keyCode==32||event.keyCode==13)DoThing();
![Page 98: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
HTML/ARIA Don’t
• <div onclick="DoThing();" tabindex="0" onkeypress="DoThing();" role="button">Do a thing.</div>
ARIA roles to the rescue! Er…
![Page 99: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
HTML/ARIA Do
• <button type="submit">Do a thing.</button>
Or just start with the right element. http://www.karlgroves.com/2013/05/14/links-are-not-buttons-neither-are-divs-and-spans/
![Page 100: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
WordPress Goes WCAG
2 of 4 sections
![Page 101: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
<irony>No transcripts nor captions, but go to the video and search (ctrl + F) for “It's Martin.” to jump to the point in the in-progress slightly inaccurate transcript.</irony>
![Page 102: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
“All new or updated code released into WordPress core and bundled themes must conform with the WCAG 2.0 guidelines at level AA.”
— Rian RietveldMarch 21, 2016
![Page 103: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Notes
• Leans on WP Core Accessibility Coding Standards• https://make.wordpress.org/core/handbook/best-pr
actices/coding-standards/accessibility-coding-standards/
• Itself informed by WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) 2.0 (a W3C recommendation)• https://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/wcag
• Get involved• https://make.wordpress.org/accessibility/get-involve
d/
![Page 104: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
More Notes
• To get accessibility-ready tag for your theme, must follow specific guidelines• https://make.wordpress.org/themes/handbook/re
view/accessibility/required/• “The accessibility of plugins is the
responsibility of each plugin author.”
![Page 105: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Yet More Notes
• Accessibility wish list for 4.6+, 27 April 2016• https://make.wordpress.org/core/2016/04/27/acc
essibility-wish-list-for-4-6-and-beyond/• Rian Rietveld won Heroes of Accessibility
Award, Individual Achievement category• http://wptavern.com/wordpress-contributor-rian-
rietveld-wins-heroes-of-accessibility-award
![Page 106: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Accessibility Ready Themes
https://wordpress.org/themes/tags/accessibility-ready/
![Page 107: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Plug-ins
• WP Accessibility• https://wordpress.org/plugins/wp-accessibility/
• Access Monitor• https://wordpress.org/plugins/access-monitor/
• Accessible Video Library• https://wordpress.org/plugins/accessible-video-lib
rary/
![Page 108: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Wrap-up
![Page 109: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
The Message
• Supporting accessibility now helps to serve future you.
Do or do not.
![Page 110: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
The Message
• Supporting accessibility now helps to serve future you.
• Supporting accessibility now helps injured you, encumbered you.
There is no try.
![Page 111: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
The Message
• Supporting accessibility now helps to serve future you.
• Supporting accessibility now helps injured you, encumbered you.
• Getting younger developers to buy in helps future you – if you teach them well.
Always pass on what you have learned.
![Page 112: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Stairamp
Dean Bouchard on Flickrhttp://accessibility.net.nz/blog/the-problems-with-ramps-blended-into-stairs/
![Page 113: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
≠ Checklist
• Accessibility is not a checklist.
![Page 114: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Maintenance
Nicolas Steenhouthttps://twitter.com/vavroom/status/571092086365261824
“Wheelchair ramp at pharmacy not only hasn’t been cleared of snow but has 2 potted trees to ensure nobody can pass.”
![Page 115: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
= Process
• Accessibility is not a checklist.• Accessibility is an ongoing process.
![Page 116: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Resources
Unless you had questions, which you didn’t else you would have asked by now.
![Page 117: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Resources
• Web Accessibility and Older People:Meeting the Needs of Ageing Web Usershttp://www.w3.org/WAI/older-users/Overview.php
• Easy Checks - A First Review of Web Accessibilityhttp://www.w3.org/WAI/eval/preliminary
• How People with Disabilities Use the Web: Overviewhttp://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/people-use-web/Overview.html
In addition to the gems I’ve sprinkled throughout.
![Page 118: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Resources
• 2.11 ARIA Role, State, and Property Quick Referencehttp://www.w3.org/TR/aria-in-html/#aria-role-state-and-property-quick-reference
• 2.12 Definitions of States and Properties (all aria-* attributes)http://www.w3.org/TR/aria-in-html/#definitions-of-states-and-properties-all-aria--attributes
In addition to the gems I’ve sprinkled throughout.
![Page 119: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Resources
• Designing For The Elderly: Ways Older People Use Digital Technology Differentlyhttp://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/02/05/designing-digital-technology-for-the-elderly/
• How to Write User Stories for Web Accessibilityhttp://www.interactiveaccessibility.com/blog/how-write-user-stories-accessibility-requirements
• Book Excerpt: A Web for Everyonehttp://uxmag.com/articles/book-excerpt-a-web-for-everyone
In addition to the gems I’ve sprinkled throughout.
![Page 120: Selfish Accessibility: WordCamp London 2017](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070517/58d128881a28abe3298b4a5b/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Selfish AccessibilityPresented by Adrian Roselli for WordCamp London 2017
Slides from this workshop will be available at rosel.li/wcldn