8/20/2019 Sem 14 Lipidos Final Quimica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sem-14-lipidos-final-quimica 1/6

SEMANA N° 14SEMINARIO Nº II-5: LIPIDOS EN MEMBRANAS. ÁCIDO ARAQUIDÓNICO E INFLAMACIÓN.

LECTURA RECOMENDADA• Biosíntsis ! "os #$o!%&tos !" '&i!o ($()%i!*ni&o + s% $#$&%si*n so,$ "(

in((&i*n.• Los '&i!os /$(sos + "( s("%!.• Li#o#$otín(s0 1í(s ! síntsis.•

Co"st$o" %t(nt #$1in "( !n&i(.1. ¿Cuál es la estructura molecular de los lípidos encontrados en los seres vivos?

F%n!(nt("nt s% st$%&t%$( )%íi&( s 2i!$o&($,on(!( 3("i4'ti&( o($o'ti&(0 &on/$(n &(nti!(! ! n"(&s C-6 + C-C. L( n(t%$("7( ! stos n"(&s 899 &o1("nt + s%onto !i#o"($ s íni(. Est'n &onstit%i!os,'si&(nt #o$ t$s "ntos: &($,ono3C0 2i!$*/no 36 + o;í/no 3O< nno$ /$(!o (#($&n t(,i=n n ""os nit$*/no 3N04*s4o$o 3P + (7%4$ 3S.

2. ¿Cmo se clasi!can los lípidos?

C"(si>&(&i*n ! "os "í#i!os

S &"(si>&(n n ? /$(n!s /$%#os:S(#oni>&(,"s Ins(#oni>&(,"sLí#i!os s(#oni>&(,"sÁ&i!os /$(sos s(t%$(!os: Son"í#i!os )% no #$snt(n !o,"s n"(&s nt$ s%s 'toos !&($,ono. S n&%nt$(n n " $ino (ni(". E@#"os: '&i!o "'%$i&o0 '&i!o i$ísti&o0 '&i!o#("íti&o0 (&i!o ($/'$i&o0 '&i!o st'$i&o0 '&i!o ($()%í!i&o + '&i!o "i/no/=$i&o.Á&i!os Ins(t%$(!os: Posn !o,"s n"(&s n s% &on>/%$(&i*n o"&%"($. S n&%nt$(n n" $ino 1/t(". Po$ @#"o: '&i!o #("ito"i&o0 '&i!o o"i&o0 '&i!o "(í!i&o0 '&i!o "ino"i&o0'&i!o "ino"=ni&o 0 '&i!o ($()%i!*ni&o + (&i!on$1*ni&o.

Fos4o"í#i!os: S &($(&t$i7(n #o$ tn$ %n /$%#o 4os4(to n s% &on>/%$(&i*n o"&%"($."%&o"í#i!os: Son "í#i!os )% s n&%nt$(n %ni!os ( %n/"&i!o.

Lí#i!os ins(#oni>&(,"s T$#nos: Son !$i1(!os !" 2i!$o&($,%$o iso#$no. Ent$ ""os s n&%nt$(n "(s 1it(in(E0 A0 + (&its sn&i("s.Est$oi!s: Son !$i1(!os !" 2i!$o&($,%$o st$(no. Dnt$o ! st /$%#o s n&%nt$(n"os '&i!os ,i"i($s0 "(s 2o$on(s s;%("s0 "( 1it(in( D + " &o"st$o".Ei&os(noi!s: Son "í#i!os !$i1(!os ! '&i!os /$(sos sn&i("s ti#o o/( + o/(. Dnt$o ! st /$%#o s n&%nt$(n "(s #$ost(/"(n!in(s0 t$o,o;(nos + "%&ot$inos.D st( &"(si>&(&i*n ! "í#i!os !#n!$' "( 4%n&i*n )% &%#"( &(!( %no ! ""os. E"&ons%o ! "í#i!os s i#o$t(nt0 s*"o s n&s($io no &ons%i$"os n ;&so +s"&&ion(n!o ()%""os )% (#o$t(n ,n>&ios ( "( s("%!.

8/20/2019 Sem 14 Lipidos Final Quimica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sem-14-lipidos-final-quimica 2/6

. ¿"u# $ cuáles son los lípidos esenciales? ¿"u# rol tienen en el desarrollo delas mem%ranas?

Los "í#i!os sn&i("s o '&i!os /$(sos sn&i("s son s%st(n&i(s in!is#ns(,"s #($( ",%n 4%n&ion(into !" o$/(niso + )% st no "os sintti7(0 $(7*n #o$ "( &%(" !,no,tn$s #o$ !io ! "( !it(0 s t$(t(n ! "os '&i!os /$(sos #o"ins(t%$(!os 3'&i!os/$(sos )% #osn 's ! %n !o," n"(& nt$ s%s &($,onos.

E;istn !os 4(i"i(s ! '&i!os /$(sos #o"ins(t%$(!os:• O/( : S% #$in&i#(" o"=&%"( s " '&i!o ("4(-"ino"i&o

• O/( : S% #$in&i#(" o"=&%"( s " '&i!o "ino"i&o

Estos '&i!os /$(sos son in!is#ns(,"s0 %n( !it( 1($i(!( + $i&( n #s&(!o (s/%$( %n(#o$t s%>&int ! stos &o#%stos. Los '&i!os "ino"i&o + ("4(-"ino"i&o no sonsintti7(!os #o$ " o$/(niso0 ni #o$ (ni("s sino #o$ "(s #"(nt(s ! o!o )% !,n

s%inist$($s &on "os ("intos.Los '&i!os o/( + ""1(n ( &(,o n%$os(s 4%n&ions >sio"*/i&(s0 son %n &o#onnti#o$t(nt ! "(s ,$(n(s &"%"($s ! to!os "os t@i!os0 #o$ "o )% !s#(n %n#(#" st$%&t%$(" + 4%n&ion(" n 1($ios sist(s &oo " n$1ioso0 &($!io1(s&%"($0 2o$on(" in%nit($io. Ds#(n %n #(#" i#o$t(nt n "( st$%&t%$( ! "(s ,$(n(s&"%"($s0 s#&i("nt n " &$,$o0 !on! int$1inn n "( n%$ot$(nsisi*n0 "os"í#i!os #o"ins(t%$(!os o/( + s &on&nt$(n n "os 4os4o"í#i!os ! "(s ,$(n(s&"%"($s0 !on! son "i,$(!os #o$ %n( n7i( ! "( ,$(n(0 "( 4os4o"i#(s( A?. Estos"í#i!os s in&o$#o$(n ( ,$(n(s &"%"($s n to!os "os t@i!os !" &%$#o.

4. ¿Cuál es el rol del colesterol en condiciones de salud $ de en&ermedad?

E" &o"st$o" s " #$in&i#(" st$o" !" o$/(niso 2%(no. Los st$o"s son %n ti#o !/$(s(s n(t%$("s #$snts n " o$/(niso. E" &o"st$o" s n&%nt$( n n%st$o&%$#o 4o$(n!o #($t ! ,$(n(s &"%"($s0 "i#o#$otín(s0 '&i!os ,i"i($s +2o$on(s st$oi!(s.E" #$in&i#(" t$(sto$no )% #$o1o&( " &o"st$o" n " o$/(niso &%(n!o s n&%nt$( n;&so "o &onstit%+ "( #$o!%&&i*n ! !#*sitos ! /$(s(s n ($t$i(s 1it("s0 &(%s(n!o(t$os&"$osis0 (&&i!nt &$,$o1(s&%"($ + n4$!(! 1(s&%"($ #$i4=$i&(. E" &o"st$o"s t(,i=n %n i#o$t(nt &onstit%+nt ! "os &'"&%"os ,i"i($s.E" &o"st$o" (so&i(!o ( "(s "i#o#$otín(s ! ,(@( !nsi!(! s " !noin( LDL-&o"st$o"0 + s " &ono& &oo G&o"st$o" ("oG0 +( )% s "( #$in&i#(" "i#o#$otín( )%""1( " &o"st$o" !" 2í/(!o (" $sto !" o$/(niso.A" &o"st$o" (so&i(!o ( "( "i#o#$otín( 6DL s " !noin( 6DL-&o"st$o"0 + s "

&ono& &oo G&o"st$o" ,%noG +( )% s% #$in&i#(" 4%n&i*n s $&o/$ " &o"st$o" !"os t@i!os0 + ""1($"o (" 2í/(!o.M%&2(s 1&s so"os (so&i($ " &o"st$o" ( n4$!(!s s#&i("nt "(s&($!io1(s&%"($s. Sin ,($/o &(!( 17 2(+ 's !(tos )% %st$(n )% st "í#i!otin %n( /$(n i#o$t(n&i( #($( "( s("%! !" &$,$o0 !on! s n&%nt$( %n( &%($t(#($t !" &o"st$o" !" &%$#o.6(n !s&%,i$to )% "( ("t$(&i*n %+ &on ! %n /n )% &ont$o"( " t((o ! "(s#($tí&%"(s ! &o"st$o" $("nti7( "( 1o"%&i*n ! "( !n&i( + #$ot/ &ont$( "(n4$!(! ! A"72i$.Est( %t(&i*n &onsist n " &(,io ! %n (ino'&i!o 3iso"%&in( #o$ ot$o 31("in( n" /n #($( "( #$otín( t$(ns#o$t(!o$( ! =st$s ! &o"st$o" 3CETP. L(s #$son(s &onst( %t(&i*n ost$($on %n n"nt&iinto ! "( #$!i!( ! o$i(.

8/20/2019 Sem 14 Lipidos Final Quimica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sem-14-lipidos-final-quimica 3/6

'. ¿Cuál es el precursor para la síntesis de ácido ara(uidnico?

El ácido ara(uidnico )AA* o ácido eicocsatetraenoico

Es %n '&i!o /$(so no sn&i(" #o$ )% " o$/(niso "o #%! sintti7($ ( #($ti$ !" '&i!o

"ino"i&o #o"iins(t%$(!o ! "( s$i o/(-0 4o$(!o #o$ %n( &(!n( ! ?9 &($,onos &on

&%(t$o !o,"s n"(&s &is n "(s #osi&ions 50 H0 88 + 80 #o$ sto s " '&i!o

?9:350H08808.

S% 4*$%"( )%íi&( st$%&t%$(" s:

C6J3C6?JC+,C+JC6?JC+,C+JC6?JC+,C+JC6?JC+,C+J3C6?JCOO6

L( #$sn&i( ! !o,"s n"(&s o4$& ( "( o"=&%"( 1($ios sitios #otn&i("s

! o;i!(&i*n0 n7i'ti&( + )%íi&(0 )% @%nto &on " #ost$io$ $o$!n(into0 #$it "(

4o$(&i*n ! !i4$nts "í#i!os &on !istint(s (&ti1i!(!s ,io"*/i&(s< " '&i!o ($()%i!*ni&o

s0 #%s0 #$&%$so$ ! !i1$s(s o"=&%"(s.

E" '&i!o ($()%i!*ni&o st' #$snt n "(s ,$(n(s ! "(s &="%"(s0 + s " #$&%$so$ n

"( #$o!%&&i*n ! i&os(noi!s. Es %no ! "os '&i!os /$(sos sn&i("s $)%$i!os #o$ "(

(+o$í( ! "os (í4$os. A"/%nos ! ""os tinn #o&( &(#(&i!(! ! &on1$ti$ '&i!o

"ino"i&o n '&i!o ($()%i!*ni&o0 o &($&n tot("nt ! ""(0 #o$ "o )% s to$n( #($t

sn&i(" ! s% !it(. D(!o )% "os 1/t("s &ontinn %+ #o&o o n(!( ! '&i!o

($()%i!*ni&o0 stos (ni("s son n&s($i(nt !#$!(!o$s< " /(to s %n @#"o

&($(&t$ísti&o.

-. ra!(ue la cascada del ácido ara(uidnico.

8/20/2019 Sem 14 Lipidos Final Quimica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sem-14-lipidos-final-quimica 4/6

/. ¿"u# 0rupos de mol#culas son llamadas eicosanoides $ por (u#?

Han sido llamadas eicosanoides a las familias de prostaglandinas, leucotrienos ycompuestos similares porque derivan de ácidos grasos esenciales de 20 carbonos quecontienen 3, 4 o 5 dobles ligaduras: ácido 8, , 4 eicosatrienoico !ácido di"omolinol#nico$:

ácido 5,8,,4 eicosatetranoico !ácido araquid%nico$ y ácido 5,8,,4,&eicosapentaenoico' (n seres "umanos el ácido araquid%nico es el precursor másabundante y proviene del ácido linoleico de los alimentos !ácido ), 2 octadecadienoico$ ose ingiere como parte de la dieta'

. ¿a3o (u# &orma se encuentra el ácido ara(uidnico en las c#lulas?E" '&i!o ($()%i!*ni&o no ;ist n 4o$( "i,$ n " int$io$ ! "(s &="%"(s0 #$ono$("nt s( st$i>&(!o n "os 4os4o"í#i!os ! ,$(n( s#&i("nt n "(#osi&i*n !" C? ! "( 4os4(ti!i"&o"in( + !" 4os4oti!i"inosito". S% "i,$(&i*n !s! "os!#*sitos &"%"($s ! "í#i!os !#n! ! "( (&&i*n ! (&i"2i!$o"(s(s +0 n #($ti&%"($4os4o"i#(s( A? + n #"()%t(s !" s$ 2%(no #o$ "( !i(&i"/"i&$o" "i#(s(.E" '&i!o ($()%i!*ni&o s "i,$( ! "os 4os4o"í#i!os #o$ "( (&ti1(&i*n ! "(s 4os4o"i#(s(s&"%"($s 3C0 A? o (,(s o " in&$nto ! "(s &on&nt$(&ions &itos*"i&(s ! &("&ion)% t(,i=n (&ti1(n "(s n7i(s (nt$io$nt n%n&i(!(s

. ¿Cuál es el rol de la &os&olipasa 2 en el meta%olismo del ácido ara(uidnico? To!o #($& in!i&($ )% "os stí%"os 4ísi&os #$o#n!n ( )% #nt$ " i*n-&("&io ( "(&="%"( (" ("t$($ s% ,$(n( + (sí (&ti1($ "( 4os4o"i#(s( A?0 "( &%(" 2i!$o"i7( "os4os4o"í#i!os ! ,$(n( 34os4(ti!i"&o"in( + 4ost(!i"t(no"(in( &on "i,$(&i*n ! '&i!o($()%i!*ni&o. Po$ ot$o "(!o "( 4os4o"i#(s( C !s!o,"( " n"(& 4os4o!ist$0 &on "o &%("s 4o$( 80? !i/"i&=$i!o. Ds#%=s ! "o (nt$io$0 int$1n&ions s%&&i1(s ! "( "i#(s( !

!ii&=$i!o "i,$(n '&i!o ($()%i!*ni&o ( #($ti$ !" !i/"i&=$i!o

15. ¿Cuál es la accin de las cicloo6i0enasas so%re el ácido ara(uidnico?

L( síntsis ! #$ost(/"(n!in(s o&%$$ n 4o$( /$(!%(" #o$ %n &o#"@o ! n7i(si&$os*i&(s ! !ist$i,%&i*n %+ (#"i(. En st( 1í( ! síntsis0 "( #$i$( n7i( s "(n!o#$*;i!o ! #$ost(/"(n!in(0 ""((!( t(,i=n &i&"oo;i/n(s(. E;istn ? iso4o$(s ! "(n7i( )% son $&ono&i!(s #o$ s%s ini&i("s COK-80 COK?.? L( #$i$( s ;#$s( n4o$( &onstit%ti1( #$'&ti&(nt n to!(s "(s &="%"(s + #$snt( /$(n %,i&%i!(!0 sin,($/o0 "( COK? no (#($& n 4o$( &onstit%ti1( n "(s &="%"(s0 #$o #%! s$ in!%&i!(#o$ &ito&in(s0 4(&to$s ! &$&iinto + n!oto;in(s0 4&to )% s ,"o)%(!o #o$ "((!inist$(&i*n ! &o$ti&ost$oi!s.

8/20/2019 Sem 14 Lipidos Final Quimica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sem-14-lipidos-final-quimica 5/6

L(s &i&"oo;i/n(s(s (&t(n so,$ " '&i!o ($()%i!*ni&o + #$o1o&(n ? (&&ions !i4$nts:%n( )% o;i/n( + #$o!%& %n( st$%&t%$( n (ni""o + 4o$( " n!o#$*;i!o &í&"i&o P? +%n( (&ti1i!(! ! #$o;i!(s( )% t$(ns4o$( P? n P6?.Los n!o#$*;i!os + 6 son )%íi&(nt inst(,"s0 #$o #o$ (&&i*n n7i'ti&( st$(ns4o$(n n !i1$sos #$o!%&tos )% in&"%+n #$ost(/"(n!in(s 3PE?0 PD? + PF? ( o#$ost(&i&"in( 3PI? + t$o,o;(no 3TKA?.05C(si to!os "os t@i!os #%!n sintti7($ "os #$o!%&tos int$!ios inst(,"s !noin(!osn!o#$*;i!os &í&"i&os ( #($ti$ !" '&i!o ($()%i!*ni&o %n( 17 "i,$0 sin ,($/o0 s%,iot$(ns4o$(&i*n 1($í( n &(!( t@i!o + !#n! ! "( ,(t$í( n7i'ti&( )% ;ist( n ="<

#o$ @#"o0 #%"*n + ,(7o #%!n sintti7($ to!( "( !i1$si!(! ! s%st(n&i(s s("(!(s(nt$io$nt0 #$o ( !i4$n&i( ! stos ? *$/(nos0 "(s #"()%t(s s*"o &%nt(n &on "(t$o,o;(no sintt(s( + &($&n ! n7i(s #($( sintti7($ #$ost(/"(n!in(s0 #o$ "o )% "(s#"()%t(s son "ntos 4o$s ! "( s(n/$ &on &(#(&i!(! ;&"%si1(nt (/$/(nts.

Con&"%sions:

- Los "í#i!os son &"(si>&(!os ! (&%$!o ( !i1$sos &$it$ios0 nt$ ""os #o$ s%so"%,i"i!(! o inso"%,i"i!(!0 s% #o"($i!(! o (#o"($i!(!0 + n s(#oni>&(,"s o nos(#oni>&(,"s.

- Los (&i!os /$(sos sn&i("s son (&i!os n&s($ios #($( " 4%n&ion(into !"t(,o"iso ! n%st$o o$/(niso0 tnos 4%n!(nt("nt ( (&i!os o/( + &oo #o$ @#"o " (&i!o "ino"i&o 3o/( o " D6A.

- L( 4os4o"i#(s( A?0 "( &%(" 2i!$o"i7( "os 4os4o"í#i!os ! ,$(n( 34os4(ti!i"&o"in( +4ost(!i"t(no"(in( &on "i,$(&i*n ! '&i!o ($()%i!*ni&o. Po$ ot$o "(!o "( 4os4o"i#(s(C !s!o,"( " n"(& 4os4o!ist$0 &on "o &%(" s 4o$( 80? !i/"i&=$i!o

- L(s "i#oo;i/n(s(s &(t("i7(n "( o;i/n(&i*n ! '&i!os #o"i=!$i&os 2(st( o$i/in($ "os2i!$o;i#$*;i!os "í#i!os. E" '&i!o ($()%i!*ni&o0 )% &ontin 1($i(s !o,"s "i/(!%$(s

n s% &on>/%$(&i*n0 s s% s%st$(to0 " &%(" s t(,o"i7(!o 2(st( !($ !i1$sos#$o!%&tos &on " /$%#o 2i!$o;i-#$o;i n !istint(s #osi&ions.- Los t(,o"itos !$i1(!os !" '&i!o ($()%i!*ni&o tinn %n( $#$&%si*n #$in&i#(" n

!i1$sos #$o&sos0 4%n!(nt("nt n "( in((&i*n.- E" "%&ot$ino B + 6ETE (%nt(n "( )%iiot(;is.

R4$n&i(s ,i,"io/$'>&(s:

8. P$ss&ott SM0 M(@$%s P. C2($(&t$i7(tion o4 80 ? !i(&+"/"i&$o" 2i!$o"+sis in 2%(n#"(-t"ts. Dost$(tion o4 (n ($(&2i!on+-ono(&+"-/"i&$o" int$!i(t. Bio"C2 8H<?5H:-.

?. Sit2 L. P$ost(noi! ,ios+nt2sis (n! &2(nis o4 (&tion. A P2+si&("8?<?H:F8H8-F88.

. O(7(i T0 So/(o N0 Oit( R0 B"(s!(" E0 M&Don("! PC0 o2nston M. Di&+/"+&$o"t(,o"is (n! ($(&2i!oni&0 (&i! $"(s in 2%(n 4t(" ,$(ns (n! !&i!$($(. Bio" C2 8H8<?5:8-?8.

. S(%"sson B0 C$onst$o E0 $n 0 6(,$/ M0 6(($st$o S. P$ost(/"(n!ins.

Ann R1 Bio&2 85<:-5.5. Siso E. T2 o"&%"($ ,io"o/+ o4 (("i(n ($(&2i!oni& (n! t(,o"is. A P2+si&(" 88<?9:L 8-L ?H.

8/20/2019 Sem 14 Lipidos Final Quimica

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sem-14-lipidos-final-quimica 6/6

. Mon&(!( S0 L*#7 ($(i""o P. F%n&i*n ! "( #($! 1(s&%"($. E" n!ot"io 1(s&%"($0#$ost(&i&"in( + *;i!o nít$i&o. En: L*#7 Bo$$(s&( A0 !s. En&i&"o#!i( I,$o($i&(n(! 6(to"o/í( st !. o". III. S("((n&(: E!i&ions Uni1$si!(! ! S("((n&(08?:H-5.

. Mon&(!( S0 (n R. P2($(&o"o/+ (n! n!o/no%s $o"s o4 P$ost(/"(n!inn!o#$o;i!0 t2$o,o;in A? (n! #$ost(&+&"in. P2($(&o" R1 8<9:?-8.

H. Ro,ins St. P(to"o/í( st$%&t%$(" + 4%n&ion(". !. Int$($i&(n( M&$(-6i""085:5-89?.

. *acultad de estomatolog+a salvador allende esq ayestarán,  Andrés O. Pérez Ruiz  ' evistascubanas de estomatolog+a' -.nline/' vailable from:"ttp:11'pdg'cnb'uam'es1cursos1ionfo2001pages1*armac16761co91co9'"tml -ccessed2 une 205/'

ead more: "ttp:11'u;essays'com1tools1vancouver<referencing1reference'p"p=i9>>3cr?2@AB

89.L&t%$(s $&on!(!(s