PRESUPPOSITION

Presented By:

6th Group

Aghnia Amanah Sari Proyadie

Dewi Mariana Siahaan

Frasasti Wahyu Nuraeni

Imelda

Rizki Amalia

Presupposition derives from the word to pre-suppose that means before the speaker discussing about something and what he/she will be delivered is understood by the other person.

Speakers, not sentences, have

presupposition, symbolized as >> stands for ‘presupposes’.

The relationship between two presuppositions:

John’s car is new (p)John has a car (q)

P>>q = p presupposes q

CONSTANCY UNDER NEGATION

When the speaker produces the opposite of the sentence by negating, she/he finds that the relationship of the presupposition does not change.

John’s car is not new (not p)John has a car (q)

Although p is negating (not p) but it still true and make presupposition if John has a car

(q)

TYPES OF PRESUPPOSITION

George Yule has classified Presupposition into 6 types:

• Existential Presupposition (the X >> X exist)• Factive Presupposition• Lexical Presupposition

• Structural Presupposition• Non-Factive Presupposition

• Counterfactual Presupposition

EXISTENTIAL PRESUPPOSITION (THE X >> X EXIST)

For Example: Noun Phrase:

The Students feel asleep

Possessive Construction:John’s car is new.

It can presuppose that John exist and he has a car.

Kinds: Noun Phrase Possessive Construction

Definition:Entities named by the speaker and assumed

to be present.

FACTIVE PRESUPPOSITION

The presupposed information following a verb like realize, regret, aware, know, odd, be glad,

be sorry, etc. and can be considered as a fact. He did not realize he was ill (>> he was ill) He regrets telling him (>> he told him) Everybody knows that John is a gay (>> John is a gay)

LEXICAL PRESUPPOSITION

In using one word, the speaker can act as if another meaning will be understood.

For Example: He stopped smoking (>> he

used to smoking) You are late again (>> you are late

before) Are you still such a bad driver? (>> you

are bad driver)

STRUCTURAL PRESUPPOSITION

For Example: When did he realize he was poor?

(>> he was poor) How did you know about John? (>> you

know about John)

It is the assumption associated with the use of certain structures. Sentence structure is already

assumed to be true. WH-Question Construction

NON-FACTIVE PRESUPPOSITIONIt is an assumption referred to something that is not true. Verbs like dream, imagine and pretend are used with the presupposition that what follows is not true.

. I dreamed that I have many cars (>> I do not have many cars) She imagined that she is an actress (>> she is not an actress) He pretended to be rich (>> he is not rich)

COUNTERFACTUAL PRESUPPOSITION

It is assumption that what is presupposed is not only untrue, but is the opposite of what is true, or contrary to facts.

For Example: If I had Monas, I would stay there (>> I

do not have Monas) If she had a wing, she would fly to the sky (>>

she does not have a wing) If he was a prince, he would have a temple (>> he

is not a prince)

CONCLUSION

Presupposition is someone that had understand what the speaker said although the speaker did not mention it (implicit assumption) and its often contradiction with what the speaker have said.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION