semantically coordinated e-market
DESCRIPTION
Semantically Coordinated E-Market. Semantic Web Term Project Prepared by Melike Şah. 27 January 2005. Outline. Introduction Implementation Technology base Ontology Representation Inference Engine Product Search Demo Comparison Conclusion References. Introduction. Semantic Web - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Semantically Coordinated E-Market
Semantic Web Term Project
Prepared by
Melike Şah
27 January 2005
27 January 2005 Semantically Coordinated E-Market – Melike Şah 2
Outline
Introduction Implementation
Technology base Ontology Representation Inference Engine Product Search
Demo Comparison Conclusion References
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Introduction
Semantic Web Content with formal semantics; RDF/XML, RDFS,
OWL Machines understand content (intelligent agents) More automated functions (reasoning)
Resource Description Framework (RDF) XML-based language to describe resources Create metadata about document All resources described in RDF denoted via URI RDF model called a “triple”, (subject, predicate, object) Statement is combination of triples
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Introduction (Cont.)
RDF Schema (RDFS) Defined relationships among classes/resources
Web Ontology Language (OWL) Complex applications may require more capabilities Cardinalities, property restrictions Class operations (union, intersection,…)
E-Market uses OWL to represent product info. Inference engine to reason on data Purpose is effective product search with
OWL Reasoning engine
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Implementation
Technology base
Ontology
Product Search
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Technology Base
Protégé – Ontology RepresentationJava-based graphical toolOWL plugin - Ontology editingOWL classes, properties, restrictionsRDF/XML syntax
Algernon – Inference Engine Implemented in Java, portable with ProtégéQuerying with ASK statement Inserting facts with TELL statement
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Ontology Representation with Protégé
Figure 1: UML diagram of E-Market Ontology
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Ontology (Cont.)
Ontology of E-Market is created with OWL with RDF/XML syntax
Protégé is used for producing classes properties relations individuals
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Ontology (Cont.)
Classes are type of owl:Class and Products is broken into specialized Classes
<owl:Class rdf:ID="Fishes"> <rdfs:subClassOf> <owl:Class rdf:about="#Products"/> </rdfs:subClassOf></owl:Class>
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Ontology (Cont.)
Properties product_name, price, day, month and year are owl:DatatypeProperty
<owl:DatatypeProperty rdf:about="#price">
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Products"/>
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float"/>
</owl:DatatypeProperty>
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Ontology (Cont.)
Relations has_relation_vegetables and has_relation_leguminous are owl:ObjectProperty
<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="has_relation_vegetables">
<rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Vegetables"/>
<rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Leguminosae"/>
</owl:ObjectProperty>
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Ontology (Cont.)
Total of 63 individuals are generated<Fresh rdf:ID="melike_Individual_44">
<product_name rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">
anchovy500gr</product_name>
<price rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#float">5.0</price>
<month rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int">1</month>
<year rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int">2005</year>
<day rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int">18</day>
</Fresh>
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Product Search
Algernon inference engine usedPurpose: effective product querying with
ontologies and inference engineSame search is tested on database-end
E-Market with SQL
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Product Search with Algernon
“Search all Pepsi Products” with Algernon
Figure 2: Algernon Query searches all Pepsi products
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Product Search with SQL
Search all Pepsi products with SQLSELECT [product_name], [price]
FROM products, Colas, Pepsi
WHERE [Products].[P_ID]=[Colas].[C_ID] And
[Colas].[C_ID]=[Pepsi].[pepsi_ID];
Figure 3: SQL Query searches all Pepsi products
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Demo
Search examples
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Comparison
Data have semantics; ontologyReason about ontologyNo need to know all class names and
details of informationMore effective search
a query could return comparative pricesa query could offer products if the searched
product is not found
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Conclusion
Formal semanticsMachine usable dataIncreased usability of dataReasoning on ontology to further
enhanced the search
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References
[1] Tim Berners-Lee, “The Semantic Web Roadmap”, W3C Draft Document, Sep. 1998, http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Semantic.html.
[2] Tim Berners-Lee, “The Semantic Web", Oct. 30, 2000, Newsweek interview, http://www.keepmedia.com/pubs/Newsweek/2000/10/30/317242.
[3] Electronic Markets - The International Journal of Electronic Commerce and Business Media, web site http://www.electronicmarkets.org/.
[4] OWL Web Ontology, site of W3C, http://www.w3.org/2004/OWL/. [5] OWL Web Ontology Language Guide: W3C Recommendation 10 Feb
2004. Smith, Welty, McGuinness, eds, http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/.[6] OWL Web Ontology Language Overview: W3C Recommendation 10 Feb
2004. Deborah L. McGuinness and Frank van Harmelen eds, http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/.
[7] Reasoning Engine[8] Protégé overview, web site http://protege.stanford.edu.[9] N. F. Noy, M. Sintek, S. Decker, M. Crubezy, R. W. Fergerson, & M. A.
Musen. “Creating Semantic Web Contents with Protege-2000”, IEEE Intelligent Systems 16(2):60-71, 2001.
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References (Cont.)
[10] J. Gennari, M. A. Musen, R. W. Fergerson, W. E. Grosso, M. Crubézy, H. Eriksson, N. F. Noy, S. W. Tu, “The Evolution of Protégé: An Environment for Knowledge-Based Systems Development”, 2002, Technical Report.
[11] Stanford University, http://smi.stanford.edu/.[12] Algernon Overview, web site
http://algernon-j.sourceforge.net/doc/overview.html. [13] Algernon Rule Base Programming, http://algernon-j.sourceforge.net/.[14] Algernon in Java commands,
http://algernon-j.sourceforge.net/doc/commands/[15] Algernon in Java Documentation, http://algernon-j.sourceforge.net/doc/[16] Using ASK and TELL to interact with Algernon V3,
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/qr/algy/ask-tell.html[17] Algernon Tutorial, forward-chaining rules, TELL statement,
http://algernon-j.sourceforge.net/tutorial/3c.html[18] University of Texas at Austin Computer Sciences Department,
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/[19] Algernon Abstract Machine,
http://www.cs.utexas.edu/ftp/pub/AI-Lab/tech-reports/UT-AI-TR-00-284.ps.Z
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Questions?