• company that sells stock for a share of the profit
32. Indentured Servant:
• laborer who works for passage to America
33. House of Burgesses:
• Jamestown legislative assembly
34. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut:
• first written constitution in America
35. Mayflower Compact:
• provided law in the Plymouth Colony
36. Slave Codes:
• laws that governed slaves
37. Puritans:
• Group that settled in Massachusetts
38. Separatists/Pilgrims:
• Left England for religious purposes
39. Economy in South Colonies:
• development of slave labor on plantations
40.Economy in New England Colonies:
• subsistence farming
41.Enlightenment:
• historic period of intellectual and artistic creativity that improved society
42. Jamestown:
• the Jamestown settlers saved their colony by planting tobacco
43. Militia:
• a group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies
44. Albany Plan of Union (who/what) :
• developed to unify the colonies for more security against France, a key leader was Ben Franklin
45.Treaty of Paris (French and Indian War)
– (who/what/why) :
• divided North America between Great Britain and Spain, with the Mississippi River marking that western boundary. Ended the French presence in North America.
46. Proclamation of 1763:
• prohibited colonists from moving west of the Appalachian mountains
47. Sugar Act:
• The British government’s attempt to stop smuggling by lowering the tax on molasses
48. Stamp Act:
• British tax on almost all printed materials in the colonies
49.George III:
• King of England during the Revolutionary War; opposed any compromise with the American colonists
50. Declaration of Independence
• Author – Thomas Jefferson
51.Writ of Assistance:
• In order to search a colonist’s house, a British customs officer presented a writ of assistance.
52.Declaratory Act:
• gave the British Parliament the right to tax and make decisions for the colonists “ in all cases whatsoever”
53.Intolerable Acts:
• passed by the British to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party; closed Boston harbor and banned town meetings
54. Lexington & Concord:
• The “shot heard round the world”; start of American Revolution
55.Loyalists & Patriots:
• Loyalists – colonists loyal to the British; did not consider unfair taxes a good reason for rebellion
• Patriot- wanted to fight the British for American Independence
56.Mercenary:
• – a hired soldier
57.George Washington:
• commander in chief of the American army
58. Marquis de Lafayette:
• French nobleman who was Washington’s advisor
59.Paul Revere:
• shouted “the regulars are out” to warn that the British were coming
60.Von Steuben:
• brought military discipline to George Washington’s troops
61. Valley Forge: • Patriots were forced to endure a
winter of terrible suffering at Valley Forge
62. Yorktown:
• After this battle, King George III agreed to give Americans their freedom
63.Saratoga:
• After this battle, the French announced support for the United States
65.Mercantilism (define & explain the
purpose of mercantilism) :• An idea that defines the economic
relationship between a mother country and its colonies;
• a nation’s power depends on expanding its trade;
• British mercantilism was strengthened by the Navigation Acts
66. Treaty of Paris (1783) (what was it, three main parts of it, who did it favor) :
• Ended the Revolutionary War• Three Main Parts:• 1. British promised to withdraw all troops
from American territory• 2. British recognized US as an
independent nation• 3. US now claimed territory extending
from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River and from Canada to Spanish Florida