Semester II Review

Semester II Review

• Which of the following elements has the smallest first ionization energy: potassium or calcium?

• Which of the following has the smallest atomic radius: O or S?

• The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom is called the Ionization energy.

Semester II Review

• Atomic size generally decreases as you move left to right in a period.

• How does atomic radius change down a group in the periodic table?Increases

• How does ionization energy change as you move up and to right on the periodic table? Decreases up and increases to the right

Semester II Review• Sheilding will increase as you go down a

group.• Sheilding will remain constant as you

move left to right across a period.• Electronegativity will decrease as you

move down and to the left.• Columns on the periodic table are known

as groups or families.• Rows on the table are known as periods.

Semester II Review

• Name the following compounds:– HBr Hydrobromic acid (bromide)– NaOH Sodium Hydroxide– FeO Iron (II) Oxide

– HNO3 Nitric Acid (nitrate)

– SO3 Sulfur Trioxide (molecule all nonmetals)

– Li3PO4 Lithium Phosphate

Semester II Review

• Give the formula for the following compounds.– Carbonic acid H2CO3

– Manganese (II) chloride MnCl2– Calcium nitride Ca3N2

– Hydrochloric acid HCl

– Dinitrogen Tetroxide N2O4

Semester II Review

• For the following compound, draw its lewis structure, give the electron tally, hybridization, name of shape, bond angles, and determine if it is polar or not.

• SO2

Semester II Review

• For the following compound, draw its lewis structure, give the electron tally, hybridization, name of shape, bond angles, and determine if it is polar or not.

• NH3

Semester II Review

• For the following compound, draw its lewis structure, give the electron tally, hybridization, name of shape, bond angles, and determine if it is polar or not.

• SO42-

SM II Review• Complete, Balance, and Classify each Rxn

1. 2Al + 3S Al2S3

2. NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3

3. C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O

4. 2H2O 2H2 + O2

5. 2Li + Na2CO3 2Na + Li2CO3

• In every chemical reaction, what item(s) is/are conserved? Mass and Atoms

SM II Review

• For a given chemical reaction, the theoretical yield is generally more than the actual yield

• The first step in most stoichiometry problems is to balance the equation.

SM II Review• Hydrogen gas reacts with nitrogen gas to form

ammonia gas.– Write and balance the equation

– 3H2 + N2 2NH3

– Determine the Limiting reactant if 3.50 g of hydrogen reacts with 42.0 g of nitrogen.

– What is the theoretical yield of the above problem? 39.4 g NH3

– What is the % yield if the reaction produced 15.3 g of ammonia. 38.8 %

• What is the empirical formula of a compound that is 32.37 % Na, 22.58 % S, and 45.05 % O. Na2SO4

• If the molecular formula molar mass is 284.10, what is the molecular formula of the above compound. Na4S2O8

• What is the percent composition of FeO? 77.73% Fe and 22.27% O

SM II Review

SM II Review• If the volume of a container holding a gas

is reduced, what will happen to the pressure within the container? Increase

• What happens to the temperature of a gas when it is compressed? Increases

• What happens to the pressure of a gas inside a container, if the temperature of the gas is lowered? Decreases

• The volume of a gas is doubled while the temperature is held constant. How does the gas pressure change? Decreases by 2 times

SM II Review• Boyle’s law states that PV = K, inverse

proportion.• Charles’ law states that V/T = K, direct

proportion.• Gay-Lussac’s law states that P/T = K, direct

proportion.• Avogadro’s law states that V/n = K, direct

proportion. • Dalton's Law states that sum of all the pressures

= the total pressure.• Graham's law states that gases with smaller

masses with effuse and diffuse faster than gases with larger masses.

Semester II Review

• How many grams of CO2 are produced when 34.6 L of CH4 combusts with oxygen at a pressure of 1.78 atm and a temperature of 28oC.

• Balance the equation first. (combustion of hydrocarbon)

• CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

• 2.49 mol CH4 will produce 110. g CO2

SM II Review

• A gas confined in a 305 mL container exerts a pressure of 1.07 atm at 38.6°C. At what Celsius temperature will it exert a pressure of 2.75 atm if it is placed into a 644 mL container?

• 1506 K - 273 = 1233 °C

SM II Review

• What is the pressure inside a 3.0 L flask if 30.5 g of Carbon Monoxide is held at a temperature of 105.2 oC?

• 11 atm or 1100 kPa