semifinals - chapter 3 dbms
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Lesson 6
Lesson Objectives Identify dependent and independent fields. Define a normalized database. Create a database/table in MS Access using a
wizard.
Lesson 6: Normalization
Normalization - process with establishedrules and conditions designed to makedatabases more flexible and less prone toupdate anomalies
Lesson 6: Normalization
example of a student information form
Lesson 6: Normalization
Flat file
Lesson 6: Normalization
First Normal Form Second Normal Form Third Normal Form
Three problems normalization solves: Insertion Anomalies Deletion Anomalies Modification Anomalies
Lesson 6: Normalization (1NF)
There are two rules for a table to be in theFirst Normal Form or 1NF:
The intersection of each row and column mustcontain one and only one value (atomicvalues).
Repeating fields and non-repeating fields areseparated into different tables.
Lesson 6: 1NF Lesson 6: Normalization (2NF)
There is just one condition or requirementfor the Second Normal Form or 2NF:
Every attribute within the table must be fullyand functionally dependent on the primarykey.
Lesson 6:2NF
Lesson 6: Normalization (3NF)
There is just one rule that we must followto complete the normalization process upto the Third Normal Form or 3NF:
Transitive dependencies should be eliminated.
Lesson 6: 3NF Lesson 6: Normalization
Lesson 6: Creating a Database Using aWizard
Click on General Templates or On my Computer found on the task pane. If the task pane is not visible,click on the NEW button.
Lesson 6: Creating a Database Using aWizard
Lesson 6: Creating a Database Using aWizard
After setting the database type, save yournewly-made database.
Click on the CREATE button when you aredone.
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Lesson 6: Creating a Database Using aWizard
Lesson 6: Creating a Table Using aWizard
Lesson 6: Creating a Table Using aWizard
Renaming a field
Lesson 6: Creating a Table Usinga Wizard
Lesson 7: Queries
Queries -statements that detail exactlywhat information should be extracted fromthe database.
Select query Crosstab query Parameter query Action query
Lesson 7: Queries
Select Query most common type of query in MS Access and is
used for extracting data fromtable/s based on thespecified criteria.
Action Query enables you to performan action such as delete,
append, and update records that meet thespecified criteria.
Lesson 7: Queries
Parameter Query This type of query allows flexibility in selecting
data by prompting for user input in the selectioncriteria.
Crosstab Query used for summarizing data by grouping data with
correspondingsummary calculations, such as sumor average, based on the specified criteria.
Lesson 7: Creating Queries in DesignView
Lesson 7: Creating Queries in DesignView
Lesson 7: Creating Queries in DesignView
Lesson 7: Creating Queries in DesignView
Lesson 7: Creating Queries in DesignView Lesson 7: Relational
OperatorsOperator
sDescription
> Greater than
>= Greater than orequal to< Less than
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Lesson 7: Relational OperatorsLesson 7: Wildcard Operators
Operator Description Example
*matches characters in any
numberme* f inds meat, meet , andmeeting
? matches any let ter m?ll finds mall andmill
#matches any single-digitnumber
7#2 finds712, 732,772
[]matches any of the characterswithin the brackets
t[io]e f in ds t ie a nd t oe b utnottue
!matches any character not inthe list inside the bracket
t[!io]e f in ds t ue b ut n ot t o eandtie
- matches one character in arange of characters
d[a-d]d f inds dad, dbd, dcd,andddd
Lesson 7: Wildcard Operators
Lesson 7: Logical OperatorsOperator D escription
ANDall specified criteria must bemet
OR eithercriterion must be met
NOT indicated criteria does notneed to be met
BETWEEN Xand Y
the value must be from X toY
IN the value must be in the list
Lesson 7: Logical Operators Lesson 7: Logical Operators
Lesson 7: Creating Queries Usingthe Wizard
Lesson 7: Creating Queries Usingthe Wizard
See the results?
Lesson 7: Creating Queries Usingthe Wizard
Lesson 7: Creating Queries Using theWizard Lesson 7: Creating Queries Using the
Wizard
Lesson 7: Creating Queries Using theWizard
Lesson 7: Creating Queries Using theWizard Lesson 7: Creating Queries Using the
Wizard
Lesson 7: Creating Queries Using theWizard
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Lesson 7: Creating Queries Usingthe Wizard
Lesson 7: Creating Queries Usingthe Wizard
Lesson 7: Creating Queries Usingthe Wizard