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Seminar: Globalization and National Security Political Science 520 • Fall 2010

Professor Jennifer Erickson Time: TH 12-2pm Phone: 617-552-2965 Location: McGuinn 223 Email: ericksjj@bc.edu Office: McGuinn 339 Office hours: T 12-2pm Website: https://cms.bc.edu/webct/logon/348255830011 Course Introduction and Objectives How have accelerated forces of globalization in recent decades affected national security? This course examines how globalization can amplify, change, and create challenges to states’ national security. Through discussion and written work, this seminar addresses three major questions: (1) How do we define the concepts of globalization and national security?; (2) How do states understand the complex and changing relationship between these two concepts?; and (3) How do states define and respond to old and new national security challenges brought on by increased economic globalization and interdependence? We will explore these three interrelated questions in the context of a number of issue areas, such as defense procurement, terrorism, trade, energy, and migration. Course Reading The reading for this course is a combination of books and articles, which cover theoretical, historical, and policy-relevant perspectives. I expect students to come to class fully prepared to discuss the reading. Please purchase the books listed below (if you cannot find the books in-store, Amazon, B&N, Powell’s, and other online sources should suffice). All other readings will be available through the library electronic journals and the course website. It is your responsibility to make sure you acquire all of the readings necessary for the class.

Brooks, Stephen G. 2005. Producing Security: Multinational Corporations, Globalization, and the Changing Calculus of Conflict. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Brown, Michael E., ed. 2003. Grave New World: Security Challenges in the 21st Century. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Course Requirements and Grading As a seminar, this course focuses on class participation and written work. There will be two main sets of written assignments. First, students will be asked to write a summary of the readings once over the course of the semester. A sign-up sheet to designate the weeks will be circulated on the first day of class. Reading summaries should briefly summarize the main arguments of each reading, compare and contrast those arguments, and offer a few questions to start the discussion. Second, a final research paper on a topic chosen in consultation with the professor will be due at the end of the semester in lieu of a final exam. In preparation for the final paper, the student will write a brief paper proposal and exchange a draft paper for peer review. Completion of both the paper proposal and peer review will be factored into the final grade. More detailed descriptions of the written assignments will be handed out in class as the semester progresses.

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Late papers will be knocked down one grade per day late. Naturally, I also expect active student participation. The participation grade will take into account the quality – not simply the quantity – of your contributions to class discussions. A summary table of all assignments and due dates can be found in the course overview below. The breakdown of grading is as follows:

1. Participation 25% 2. Reading Summary 10% 3. Paper Proposal 15% 4. Peer Review 10% 5. Final Paper 40%

Attendance and Participation I expect students to be actively engaged in questions and discussion in all classes throughout the semester. This means that you should arrive punctually, reading in hand and prepared in advance, and participate actively in discussions. Obviously, regular participation requires regular attendance. Because we meet only once a week, missing one session may mean missing a topic and its discussion entirely. If you miss more than one class session (except after speaking with the instructor in reasonable cases of documented medical or family emergencies), your participation grade will be negatively affected. Respect and Discussion Rules Political Science courses address complex and often contentious issues. Students should feel free to share their comments and questions in class and respect the right of their colleagues to do the same. In order to foster an atmosphere of thought, learning, and discussion, it is important that students express themselves in an appropriate manner, listen, and learn from the debates at hand. Academic Integrity and Plagiarism Academic integrity is an essential component of the university community. It is necessary to acknowledge the work and ideas of those that have gone before you with proper and consistent citations. Plagiarism is a serious offence, and no forms of borrowing without acknowledgement are acceptable. If it is suspected that you have consciously misrepresented another’s work as your own, it will be investigated and punished accordingly. It is your responsibility to familiarize yourself with the academic code and proper citation methods. In general, plagiarism consists of knowingly using the ideas or work of others as if they were your own. This can involve, but is not limited to, using a paper purchased on the internet or written by another student, or failing to cite ideas or information obtained from published sources, including online sources. Please familiarize yourself with the Boston College Code of Academic Integrity (see links) and see me if you have questions. http://www.bc.edu/schools/cas/polisci/integrity.html http://www.bc.edu/offices/stserv/academic/resources/policy.html#integrity

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Overview of Course Schedule and Assignments

WEEK DATE TOPIC INFO 1 9/9 Course Overview Sign up for reading

summaries 2 9/16 National Power, National Interests, National

Security

3 9/23 What Is Globalization?

4 9/30 Defense Production

5 10/7 Defense Exports

Paper Proposal Due

6 10/14 Emerging Issues: Information Technology, Energy

7 10/21 Interdependence and Trade

8 10/28 Economic Sanctions

9 11/4 Globalization and War

10 11/11 Terrorism

11 11/18 Environment and Climate Change

Paper Draft for Peer Review Due

12 11/25 No class – Thanksgiving

13 12/2 Migration

Peer Review Due

14 12/9 Wrapping Up and Looking Ahead

FINAL 12/14 Final Paper due by 2:30pm Hard copy, my office Assignments must be submitted in hard copy by the date and time noted on the syllabus and typed in standard format: Double-spaced with one-inch margins, 12-point Times New Roman font. You must use consistent and accurate citations in the citation style of your choice (footnotes or parenthetical). Please make sure that your writing is cleanly edited and free of spelling and grammar mistakes. Late assignments will be knocked down one grade per day late. Of course, extraordinary circumstances may arise beyond a student’s control. In such rare cases, please notify me as soon as possible (and before the assignment is due) so that we may find an acceptable solution.

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Section I: The Concepts Week 1: Course Overview and Introductions September 9

Defense Science Board Task Force on Globalization and Security. 1999. Executive Summary. (11p) http://www.fas.org/asmp/campaigns/control/dsbreport.htm Final full report available on Google Books

Week 2: National Power, National Interests, National Security September 16

Gowa, Joanne. 1994. Allies, Adversaries, and International Trade. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 3-8, 31-53. (27p)

Keohane, Robert O. and Joseph S. Nye. 1977. Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition. Boston, MA: Little Brown and Company. READ: Chapter 2. (14p)

Trubowitz, Peter. 1998. Regional Conflict and Coalitions in the Making of American Foreign Policy. In Defining the National Interest: Conflict and Change in American Foreign Policy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, pp. 1-30. (30p)

Finnemore, Martha. 1996. Defining State Interests. In National Interests in International Society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pp. 1-33. READ pp. 1-24. (24p)

Week 3: What Is Globalization? September 23

Keohane, Robert and Joseph Nye. 2000. Globalization: What’s New? What’s Not? (And So What?). Foreign Policy (Spring 2000):104-118. (15p)

Katzenstein, Peter J. 2005. A World of Regions: Asia and Europe in the American Imperium. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pp.13-21 (9p)

Measuring Globalization. 2001. Foreign Policy (Jan-Feb 2001):56-65. (10p) Kirshner, Jonathan. 2006. Globalization and National Security. In Globalization and National

Security, J. Kirshner, ed. New York, NY: Routledge. (25p) Ripsman, Norrin M. and T.V. Paul. 2005. Globalization and the National Security State: A

Framework for Analysis. International Studies Review 7:199-227. (26p) Optional Reference: Globalisation and Its Critics: A Survey of Globalisation. The Economist

(September 29, 2001). Optional Reference: Globalization and Its Critics. (washingtonpost.com, special reports)

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/world/issues/wto/ Section II: National Defense Week 4: Defense Production September 30

Brooks, Chapter 4, The Globalization of Production and Military Technological Competitiveness (46p)

Brown, Chapter 6, Defense Economics and Security (Moran). (22p) Jones, Seth G. 2006. The Rise of a European Defense. Political Science Quarterly 121 (2): 241-267.

(26p)

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Boutin, J.D. Kenneth. 2009. Arms and Autonomy: The Limits of China’s Defense-Industrial Transformation. In The Modern Defense Industry, edited by Richard A. Bitzinger. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Security International. (12p)

Week 5: Defense Exports October 7

Brown, Chapter 3, The Proliferation of Conventional Weapons and Technologies (Husbands). (24p) Smith, Ron and Maria Garcia-Alonso. 2006. The Economics of Arms Export Controls. In Non-

Proliferation Export Controls: Origins, Challenges, and Proposals for Strengthening, edited by D. Joyner. Burlington, VT: Ashgate. (15p)

Bromley, Mark, Paul Holtom, Sam Perlo-Freeman, and Pieter D. Wezeman. 2009. Recent Trends in the Arms Trade. SIPRI Background Paper. (23p) http://books.sipri.org/files/misc/SIPRIBP0904a.pdf

Hartung, William D. 2001. The New Business of War: Small Arms and the Proliferation of Conflict. Ethics and International Affairs 15 (1):79-96. (18p)

Parker, Sarah. 2008. Implications of States’ Views on an Arms Trade Treaty. Geneva: UNIDIR. READ Sections 1-6, 8. (26p) http://www.geneva-forum.org/Activities/Handouts/UNIDIR%20-%20Implications%20of%20States%20Views%20on%20an%20Arms%20Trade%20Treaty.pdf

Optional Reference: Shotwell, Charles B. 2001. Export Controls: A Clash of Imperatives. In The

Global Century: Globalization and National Security, edited by R.L. Kugler and E.L. Frost. Washington, DC: National Defense University Press. (20p) Full text available at: http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/websites/nduedu/www.ndu.edu/inss/books/Books_2001/Global%20Century%20-%20June%202001/C16Shotw.pdf

Week 6: Emerging Issues: Technology, Energy October 14

Brown, Chapter 5, Emerging Technologies and Security (Thompson). (16p) Libicki, Martin and Jeremy Shapiro. 1999. Conclusion: The Changing Role of Information in

Warfare. In Strategic Appraisal: The Changing Role of Information in Warfare, edited by Z. Khalilzad, J.P. White, and A.W. Marshall. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1016/MR1016.chap15.pdf

Brown, Chapter 7, Energy and Security (Harris). (19p) Daojiong, Zha. 2006. China’s Energy Security: Domestic and International Issues. Survival 48

(1):179-90. (10p) US Department of Energy. 2006. National Security Review of International Energy Requirements.

READ pp. 1-46. (46p) http://www.pi.energy.gov/documents/EPACT1837FINAL.pdf

Optional Reference: Brown, Chapter 1, Technology and Security (Hoyt). Optional Reference: Brown, Chapter 4, Information Technology and Security (Denning). Optional Reference: Strategic Appraisal. Individual chapters available at:

http://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1016/

DUE: Paper Proposal Thursday, October 7

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Section III: Globalization and International Security Week 7: Interdependence and Trade October 21

Brooks, Chapter 5, The Globalization of Production, Economic Integration, and Regional Security in the Developing World. (31p)

Hirschman, Albert O. 1980 [1945]. National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, pp.3-34. (31p)

Liberman, Peter. 1996. Trading with the Enemy: Security and Relative Economic Gains. International Security 21 (1):147-75. (29p)

Altman, Roger C. 2009. Globalization in Retreat: Further Geopolitical Consequences of the Financial Crisis. Foreign Affairs (July/August):2-7. (6p)

Morrison, Wayne M. 2009. China and the Global Financial Crisis: Implications for the United States. CRS Report for Congress. (9p) http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RS22984.pdf

Week 8: Economic Sanctions October 28

Baldwin, David. 1985. Economic Statecraft. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. READ Chapters 3 (22p) and 6 (19p).

Kirshner, Jonathan. 2002. Economic Sanctions: The State of the Art. Security Studies 11 (4):160-79. (20p)

Elliott, Kimberly Ann. 1995. Factors Affecting the Success of Sanctions. In Economic Sanctions: Panacea or Peacebuilding in a Post-Cold War World?, edited by D. Cortright and G.A. Lopez. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. (9p)

Andreas, Peter. 2005. Criminalizing Consequences of Sanctions: Embargo Busting and Its Legacy. International Studies Quarterly 49 (2):335-60. (24p)

Week 9: Globalization and War November 4

Brooks, Chapter 6, The Globalization of Production and the Economic Benefits of Conquest (46p) Brown, Chapter 10, Security and Conflict in the Developing World (Hoyt). (14p) Oneal, John R. and Bruce M. Russett. 1997. The Classic Liberals Were Right: Democracy,

Interdependence, and Conflict, 1950-1985. International Studies Quarterly 41 (2):267-93. (23p) Naím, Moisés. 2003. The Five Wars of Globalization. Foreign Policy (Jan-Feb 2003):29-37. (8p)

Section IV: Globalization and Internal Security Week 10: Terrorism November 11

Brown, Chapter 13, Transnational Terrorism and Security (Cronin). (22p) Zanini, Michele and Sean J.A. Edwards. 2001. The Networking of Terror in the Information Age.

In Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy, edited by J. Arquilla and D.F. Ronfeldt. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. (27p) http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1382/MR1382.ch2.pdf

Mousseau, Michael. 2002/2003. Market Civilization and Its Clash with Terror. International Security 27 (3):5-29. (25p)

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Mueller, John E. 2006. Terrorism, Overreaction, and Globalization. In No More States? Globalization, National Self-Determination, and Terrorism, edited by R.N. Rosecrance and A.A. Stein. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. (25p)

Week 11: Migration November 18

Brown, Chapter 9, Demographic Developments and Security (Keely). (14p) Adamson, Fiona B. 2006. Crossing Borders: International Migration and National Security.

International Security 31 (1):165-99. (35p) Doty, Roxanne Lynn. 1998. Immigration and the Politics of Security. Security Studies 8 (2):71-93.

(23p) Drifte, Reinhard. 2006. Migrants, Human Security, and Military Security. In Migration, Regional

Integration and Human Security: The Formation and Maintenance of Transnational Spaces, edited by H. Kleinschmidt. Burlington, VT: Ashgate. (17p)

Optional Reference: Jacoby, Tamar. 2002. Immigration Reform and National Security. New York

Times (September 16, 2002). Full text available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/16/opinion/immigration-reform-and-national-security.html

Week 12: NO CLASS - THANKSGIVING November 25 Week 13: Environment and Climate Change December 2

Brown, Chapter 8, Environmental Change and Security (McNeill). (18p) French, Hillary. 2000. Vanishing Borders: Protecting the Planet in an Age of Globalization. New

York, NY: WW Norton. READ: Chapters 1 and 2. (30p) Klare, Michael T. 2001. Wealth, Resources, and Power: The Changing Parameters of Global

Security. In Resource Wars: The New Landscape of Global Conflict. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books. (26p)

Brown, Oli, Anne Hammill, and Robert McLeman. 2007. Climate Change as the “New” Security Threat: Implications for Africa. International Affairs 83 (6):1141-1154. (14)

Barnaby, Wendy. 2009. Do Nations Go to War over Water? Nature (March 19, 2009). (2p) Optional Reference: World Water Crisis, BBC News. Available at:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/world/2000/world_water_crisis/default.stm

DUE: Peer review Thursday, December 2

DUE: Draft of paper for peer review Thursday, November 18

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Week 14: Wrapping Up and Looking Ahead December 9

Kirshner, Jonathan. 2006. Globalization Power, and Prospect. In Globalization and National Security, edited by J. Kirshner. New York, NY: Routledge. (17p)

Ripsman, Norman M. and T.V. Paul. 2010. Conclusion: State Adaptation to a New Global Environment. In Globalization and the National Security State. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (20p)

DUE: Final Paper

NO LATER THAN December 14 at 2:30pm.