SEMINAR ON COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

Submitted by:Mr. Pranay p selokar

M.Sc. (n) 1st yearv.S.p.m

College of nursing

Introduction

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) includes various healing approaches and therapies that originate from around the world

Alternative medicine includes therapies and health care practices not widely taught in most medical schools; however, many such practices are popular, and some are used in hospital.

Patients are most likely to seek alternative medicine for conditions such as chronic low back pain, stress, migraine headaches, menopausal symptoms, cancer and arthritis.

TERMINOLOGIES HOLISM: The idea that the whole of the sick person, including their

body, mind and way of life, should be considered when treating them, and not just symptom of the disease.

HUMANISM: A system of thought that considers the solving of human problems with the help of religious beliefs. It emphasizes the fact that basic nature of humans is good.

BALANCE: A situation in which different things exist in equal, correct or good amount.

ENERGY: The ability to put effort and enthusiasm into an activity, work etc.

HEALING: The process of returning to normal function after a period of disease or injury

DEFINITION OF COMPLEMENTARY & ALTERNATIVE THERAPY

“Complementary and alternative medicine is a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine”.

Alternative medical systemsAyurveda

Ayurveda is a system of healing based on homeopathy and naturopathy, with an extensive use of herbs. Ayurveda is a system of traditional medicine native to the Indian subcontinent originated >5000yrs ago and practiced in the other parts of the world as a form of alternative medicine. In Sanskrit, the word Ayurveda consists of the word ayus, meaning life

As per the Indian heritage and science, Ayurveda is an upaveda annexure to the main four Vedas (knowledge systems) the aim is to remove the cause of disorder’s, prevent illness and harmonize the body mind and consciousness, Ayurveda aids in maintaining good health

Specific lifestyle interventions are a major preventive and therapeutic in Ayurveda. Each person is prescribed an individualized diet and exercise program depending on dosha (body) type and the nature of the underlying dosha imbalance.

1. Terminalia Arjuna is useful in alleviating the pain of angina pectoris and in treating heart failure and coronary artery disease

2. Black pepper and long pepper are combined with ginger to form the traditional trikatu mixture in Ayurveda.

Curanderismo Curanderismo is a cultural healing tradition found in

Latin America it utilizes western biomedical beliefs, treatment and

practices, three levels of care are practices among curanderos (men) and curanderas (women):

Botanical healingBotanical (plant) healing are used by 80% of the world’s population. These include herbs, aromatherapy, homeopathy, and naturopathy.

Herbal medicine

Before pharmaceutical companies existed, there was herbal medicine. In many parts of the world, treating illness with herbs is still the only medicine available.

The vast majority of herbal medicine present no danger if taken appropriately, some can how cause side effects although herbs can be quite effective.

Aromatherapy The concept of aromatherapy was first mooted by a

small number of European scientists and doctors

The use of essential oils for therapeutic, spiritual, hygienic and ritualistic purposes goes back to a number of ancient civilizations including the Chinese, Indians, Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans who used them in cosmetics, perfumes and drugs.

A French surgeon, Jean Valnet, pioneered the medicinal uses of essential oils, which he used as antiseptics in the treatment of wounded soldiers during World War II

It can be offered as a complementary therapy or, more controversially, as form of alternative medicine. 

Aroma therapists, who specialise in the practice of aromatherapy, utilise blends of therapeutic essential oils that can be issued through topical application, massage, inhalation or water immersion to stimulate a desired response

A diffuser and a bottle of essential oil.

Precautions Because essential oils are highly concentrated

they can irritate the skin when used in undiluted form. Therefore, they are normally diluted with a carrier oil for topical application, such as jojoba oil, olive oil, or coconut oil

Phototoxic reactions may occur with citrus peel oils such as lemon or lime

Two common oils, lavender and tea tree, have been implicated in causing gynecomastia, an abnormal breast tissue growth,

Some very common oils like eucalyptus are extremely toxic when taken internally

Uses Lemon oil is said to be uplifting and to relieve

stress. In a Japanese study, lemon essential oil in vapour form has been found to reduce stress in mice. Research at The Ohio State University indicates that lemon oil aroma may enhance one's mood, and help with relaxation.

Sage oil has been suggested to boost short-term memory performance in many using it as a dietary supplement.

Homeopathy History Homeopathy is a self-healing system, assisted by small doses of

remedies or medicines, which is useful in a variety of acute or chronic disorder. It was developed by Samuel Hahnemann, a German physist and schmist in 1796. The term "homeopathy" was coined by Hahnemann and first appeared in print in 1807

Samuel Hahnemann Monument, Washington D.C. with "Similia Similibus Curentur" - Like cures Like.

Samuel Hahnemann, originator of homeopathy

Claims "Like cures like", dilution increases potency, disease caused by miasms.

Related fields Alternative medicine

Year proposed 1796

Original proponents

Samuel Hahnemann

Subsequent proponents

James Tyler Kent, Constantine Hering, Royal S. Copeland,George Vithoulkas

19th century: rise to popularity and early criticism:

Homeopathy achieved its greatest popularity in the 19th century. It was introduced to the United States in 1825 by Hans Birch Gram, a student of Hahnemann

The first homeopathic school in the US opened in 1835, and in 1844, the first US national medical association, the American Institute of Homeopathy, was established and throughout the 19th century,

1857 painting by Alexander Beydeman showing historical figures and personifications of homeopathy observing the brutality of medicine of the 19th century

A homeopathic preparation made from marsh tea: the "15C" dilution shown here means the original solution was diluted to 1/1030 of its original strength

Homeopathic preparation Rhus toxicodendron, derived from poison ivy.

Mortar and pestle used for grinding insoluble solids, such as platinum, into homeopathic preparations

SiddhaIntroduction Traditionally, it is taught that the siddhars laid the foundation for

this system of medication. Siddhars were spiritual adepts who possessed the ashtasiddhis, or the eight supernatural powers. Agastya is considered the first siddha and the guru of all siddhars; the siddha system is believed to have been handed over to him by Murugan, son of Shiva and Parvati.

The Siddha science is a traditional treatment system generated from Dravidian culture. The Siddha flourished in the period of Indus Valley civilization. Palm leaf manuscripts say that the Siddha system was first described by Lord Shiva to his wife Parvati. Parvati explained all this knowledge to her son Lord Muruga. He taught all these knowledge to his disciple sage Agastya. Agastya taught 18 Siddhars and they spread this knowledge to human beings.

The word Siddha comes from the Sanskrit  word Siddhi which means an object to be attained perfection or heavenly bliss. Siddha focused to "Ashtamahasiddhi," the eight supernatural power. Those who attained or achieved the above said powers are known as Siddhars. There were 18 important Siddhars in olden days and they developed this system of medicine. Hence, it is called Siddha medicine.

According to the manikandan, there were 22 principal siddhars. Of these 22, Agastya is believed to be the father of siddha medicine. Siddhars were of the concept that a healthy soul can only be developed through a healthy body. So they developed methods and medication that are believed to strengthen their physical body and thereby their souls. Men and women who dedicated their lives into developing the system were called Siddhars

Concept of disease and cause It is assumed that when the normal equilibrium of the

three humors — Vaadham, Pittham and Kabam — is disturbed, disease is caused. The factors assumed to affect this equilibrium are environment, climatic conditions, diet, physical activities, and stress. Under normal conditions, the ratio between Vaadham, Pittham, and Kabam are 4:2:1, respectively

According to the Siddha medicine system, diet and lifestyle play a major role in health and in curing diseases. This concept of the Siddha medicine is termed as pathiyam and apathiyam, which is essentially a list of "do's and don'ts".

Drugs The drugs used by the Siddhars could be classified into

three groups: thavaram (herbal product), thadhu (inorganic substances) and jangamam (animal products).] The Thadhu drugs are further classified as: uppu (water-soluble inorganic substances or drugs that give out vapour when put into fire), pashanam (drugs not dissolved in water but emit vapour when fired), uparasam (similar to pashanam but differ in action), loham (not dissolved in water but melt when fired), rasam (drugs which are soft), and ghandhagam (drugs which are insoluble in water, like sulphur).

The drugs used in siddha medicine were classified on the basis of five properties: suvai (taste), gunam (character), veeryam (potency), pirivu (class) and mahimai (action).

According to their mode of application, the siddha medicines could be categorized into two classes:

Internal medicine was used through the oral route and further classified into 32 categories based on their form, methods of preparation, shelf-life, etc.

External medicine includes certain forms of drugs and also certain applications (such as nasal, eye and ear drops), and also certain procedures (such as leech application). It also classified into 32 categories.

Treatment

The treatment in siddha medicine is aimed at keeping the three humors in equilibrium and maintenance of seven elements. So proper diet, medicine and a disciplined regimen of life are advised for a healthy living and to restore equilibrium of humors in diseased condition.

Saint Thiruvalluvar explains four requisites of successful treatment. These are the patient, the attendant, physician and medicine. When the physician is well-qualified and the other agents possess the necessary qualities, even severe diseases can be cured easily, according to these concepts.

Unani and tibba As an alternative form of medicine, unani has

found favour in Asia, especially India. India these unani practitioners can practice as a qualified doctors, as the Indian government approves their practice. Unani medicine is very close to Ayurveda, both are based on the theory of the presence of the elements (in unani they considered to be fire, water, earth and air) in the human body. According to followers of unani medicine, these elements are present in different fluids and their balance leads to health and their imbalance leads to illness.

Naturopathy

Introduction Naturopathic medicine is not only a system of

medicine but also a way of life with emphasis on client responsibility, client education, and health maintaince & disease prevention. Naturopathic medicine hold the same view of human physiology

The goal of treatment is the restoration of health and normal body function rather than particular therapy.

The term naturopathy was coined in 1895 by John Scheel, and purchased by Benedict Lust, the "father of U.S. naturopathy". Lust had been schooled in hydrotherapy and other natural health practices in Germany by Father Sebastian Kneipp; Kneipp sent Lust to the United States to spread his drugless methods

Naturopathic medicine is not only a system of medicine but also a way of life with emphasis on client responsibility, client education, and health maintaince & disease prevention.

It is a system of therapy based on preventive care, and on the use of the heat, water, light, air and massage as primary therapies for disease

The following therapies are considered to be of primary importance in the naturopathic importance of disease:a.Nutrition and dietetic.This includes the prescription of a balanced wholesome natural diet based on the principles advocated by naturopathic practitioners.b. Fasting.Fasting has recently begun gain reputation as an excellent and safe treatment for the conditions such as obesity, high blood pressure, arthritis and rheumatism and some psychiatric disorders.c. Structural adjustment.The naturopathic practioners seeks to balance and integrate the spine, muscles, ligaments, and joints of the body this is the use of the water, both internally and externally and externally in the form of baths, packs, compresses, sprays.

d. HydrotherapyThis is the use of water, both internally and externally in the form of baths, packs, sprays, douches. Hydrotherapy is of value in most conditions and rightly applied can give remarkable results in the treatment of both acute and long standing conditions.e. Healthy lifestyle This includes general care one’s body, the use of moderate

physical exercise, the cultivation of positive approach to life and health, relaxation techniques, etc.

f. EducationIt is naturopathic philosophy it is just as important, if not more so, to explain to the patient why disease occurs and what patient can do for him or herself to maintain the new, improved level of health given to them by naturopathic treatment. In this way the patient is given responsibility for his or her health.

Conclusion:

Alternative medicine play an important role in our day to day lifestyle. It helps us to maintain our equilibrium by maintain our health by prevent us from various illness

Summary: IntroductionDefinitionsAyurvedaAromatherapyHomeopathySiddhiNaturopathy

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nursing practice” 1st edition 2013. Page no 660,661,662,663,664,665

Berman, Snyder, kozier, erb’s “textbook of fundamentals of nursing concepts, process & practice” 8th edition

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https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/ayurveda https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/aromatherapy https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/homeopathy https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/siddha