semlyen - pwrs 1987

8
IEEE Transactions o n Power Systems, Vol. PWRS-2, N o . 4 , November 1987 ADMITTANCE MATRIX MODEL OF A SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE FOR HARMONIC ANALYSIS A . Semlyen University o f Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada J.F. Eggleston J . Arrillaga University o f Canterbury Christchurch, Ne w Zealand Abstract - T he harmonic analysis o f a power system requires appropriate models of a l l system components. Synchronous machines a c t a s harmonic converters, sensitive t o t h e sequence o f t h e fundamental a n d harmonic frequencies. This paper describes t h e derivation o f a harmonic model o f t h e machine in t h e form o f a three-phase complex admittance matrix a n d i t s application t o t h e harmonic behaviour o f an asymmetrically loaded generator. INTRODUCTION T h e importance o f harmonic analysis o f power systems i s o n t h e rise [ 1 ] due to a n increased u se o f converters which a r e t h e pri- mary source o f harmonics. Several papers have been published o n this topic, some describing t h e problem a s harmonic power flow [21,[3], some a s harmonic penetration a n d r ec en t book deals with power system harmonics [5]. I n addition t o converters, also a r c furnaces, fluorescent lamps a n d t he magnetizing branches o f transformers [6 ] a r e recognized sources o f harmonics. However, t h e harmonic behaviour o f th e synchronous generator h a s not been given serious consideration in harmonic analysis 14], even though i t i s well known that i t converts negative sequence currents into third harmonic positive sequence and, i n general, acts a s a harmonic con- verter. This i s s o probably because o f t h e complexity o f t h e prob- lem, since conversion means coupling of harmonics which otherwise would b e examined separately. Therefore, generators a r e often represented b y a single approximate impedance at each harmonic. However, three-phase transmission lines appear a s strongly unbal- anced a t harmonic frequencies an d resonances m a y appear for single modes so that harmonic unbalance i s created o r strongly amplified [7]. T h e generator will pick u p t h e unbalance a n d return other har- monics. Clearly, th e complex interaction betweein generator a n d system cannot b e ignored. This paper describes t h e derivation o f a synchronous machine model and i t s application to t h e analysis o f an asymmetrically loaded synchronous generator. I t i s a three-phase model because of h e significance o f negative sequence i n harmonic conversion. It coIn- tains a l l harmonics (even a n d odd, a s these turn o u t to b e uncou- pled) a n d permits t h e calculation f t he current vector analysis a r e superimposed on t h e base load flow solution a n d represent a n increment t o i t. Th e harmonic analysis will contain a l l significant frequencies, including d.c. a n d t h e fundamental fre- quency. T h e reference o f t h e latter serves also a s a phase reference f o r t h e harmonics. Since t h e harmonic analysis i s superimposed o n t h e base load flow, t h e generator will b e assumed a s having a shortcircuited field winding, which makes t h e harmonic model com- pletely passive. Equation ( 1 ) corresponds t o this condition. HARMONIC MODEL OF A SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE Derivation o f the Matrix Ydqh T h e synchronous machine admittance model i s derived from t h e d , q -axis differential equations. Generally accepted conventions a n d notations a re used, a s detailed f or instance i n Ref. [ 8] a n d illus- trated i n Fig. 1 . With t w o damper windings i n t h e rotor, s a n d t , t h e equations are: V d R i d + P ( L d i d + M d f i + M d , i, w(Lq iq + M q t i t ) vq = R i q + p ( L q i q + M i t ) + w(Ld i d + M df i f + Md i v f = R i + p ( L i + M d f i d + M f 8 i ,) 0 ° 0 (2") s = R s i , + p ( L 8 i t + M d q i d + M 0 . i f ) v t = R t i t + P ( L t i t + M qt i q ) = O I n ( 2 ) v f a s been s e t t o zero because, a s mentioned, t h e field voltage h a s been considered i n t h e base load flow. However, t h e parameters o f t h e excitation circuit have to b e included in R f a n d L f I A l l variables a r e phasors o f harmonic h: w h = R e { W I e h w t } = 'hcos (hwt) W " h s in ( h w t ) (3) where Wh W W kh + j W" h ( 4) i = a b c V ( 1 ) Data fo r synchronous machines a r e normally available i n terms o f d - q axis a n d implicit i n this information i s t h e effect o f the second harmonic terms o f t he inductances. Information on fourth harmonic terms, absent from t h e d - q axis model, i s not gen- erally available a n d i s ignored i n this investigation. I t i s also assumed that a base load flow solution h a s been obtained f or t h e power system, balanced o u t a t t h e fundamental frequency, s o that a standard load flow program c a n b e used. Th e harmonic analysis i s performed subsequently on t h e unbalanced sys- t e m i n a three-phase representation. T h e results o f t h e harmoniic S6 SM 35i0-3 A paper recomnended a n d approved b y t he IEEE 'Power System Engineering Committee o f tl'e IEFE 'Power Engineering Society f o r presentation a t t h e IEEE/PES Suinmer Meeting, Mexico City, Ilexico, -July 2 0 - 25 , 1936. Manuscript submitted .January 1 8 , 1985; made avrailable f o r printing M a y 5 , 1986. Printed i n t he U.S.. denotes any phasor. Bold i s used t o denote a complex number and/or a matrix o r vector. W e have now p = C w ( 5 ) an d equations ( 2 ) become algebraic operations i n Vd,, Vq,, ldh, I q h I If,h, 1 h It.. T h e last three c a n b e eliminated from (2'), using (2") so that w e obtain q d Figure 1 Basic machine representation 0885-8950/87/1100-0833$01.00© 1987 IEEE 8 3 3 Authorized licensed use limited to: RWTH AACHEN. Downloaded on June 29, 2009 at 05:35 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

Upload: chirilaovidius

Post on 10-Apr-2018

221 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Semlyen - PWRS 1987

8/8/2019 Semlyen - PWRS 1987

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/semlyen-pwrs-1987 1/7

Page 2: Semlyen - PWRS 1987

8/8/2019 Semlyen - PWRS 1987

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/semlyen-pwrs-1987 2/7

Page 3: Semlyen - PWRS 1987

8/8/2019 Semlyen - PWRS 1987

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/semlyen-pwrs-1987 3/7

Page 4: Semlyen - PWRS 1987

8/8/2019 Semlyen - PWRS 1987

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/semlyen-pwrs-1987 4/7

Page 5: Semlyen - PWRS 1987

8/8/2019 Semlyen - PWRS 1987

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/semlyen-pwrs-1987 5/7

w h e r e

Y 0i sa zero sequence c o n d u c t a n c e

Y+ i sa p o s i t i v e( a n dn e g a t i v e )s e q u e n c ec o n d u c t a n c e

K i s a c o u p l i n gc o e f f i c i e n tb e t w e e nt h ep o s i t i v ea n d n e g a -t i v es e q u e n c e s

S i n c et he g e n e r a t o rp r o d u c e sn o z e r o s e q u e n c ev o l t a g e ,Y0 c a nb e c h o s e na r b i t r a r i l y ;t o p r e v e n t a s i n g u l a r i t yi t s v a l u e i s m a d ee q u a l t o

Y +i n ou r e x a m p l e .Thus t he t h r e e - p h a s ea d m i t t a n c e

m a t r i xb e c o m e s

( a ) ( b )

F i g u r e5 S i m p l i f i e de q u i v a l e n tc i r c u i to ft h em a c h i n e

( a )d i r e c ta x i s( b )q u a d r a t u r ea x i s

1 + 2K

3

Y. b c= Y+ KK

-K

L 3

K3

K3

1- K 2K3 32K K

1-33 3

( 4 1 )

T h i sm a t r i x ,a l t h o u g hn o t p h y s i c a l l yr e a l i z a b l e ,ca n b e u s e dt oe x a m i n et he e f f e c tof g e n e r a t o rl o a d i n ga n d d e g r e eo f u n b a l a n c e .

Voltage ( % )1 0

86

4

2

0

1 . 1 0 . 2coupl ing c o e f f i c i e n t

C

F i g u r e4 Va r i a t i o nof p o s i t i v esequence t h i r d h a r m o n i cv o l t a g ew i t hc o u p l i n ga n d l o a d i n g

F i g u r e4 s h o w st he e f f e c to f c o u p l i n ga n d l o a d i n gon t he l e v e lof 3 rd h a r m o n i cv o l t a g ed i s t o r t i o n .The r e s u l t si n d i c a t et h a t f o rl o a d sw i t h i nt he n o m i n a lr a t i n g( i . e .1 p . u . )t he 3 r d h a r m o n i cv o l -t a g e i s a l m o s td i r e c t l yp r o p o r t i o n a lt o t he l o a d a d m i t t a n c e ,a n dh e n c et o c u r r e n tor p o w e r. A l s o ,t he 3 rdh a r m o n i cv o l t a g ei s s e e n t ob e d i r e c t l yp r o p o r t i o n a lt o t he l e v e lo fc o u p l i n g .Th e 5 t h h a r m o n i cv o l t a g e ,n o t s h o w ni n t he f i g u r e ,v a r i e sa p p r o x i m a t e l yi n p r o p o r t i o nt o K2.

E f f e c to f S a l i e n c y

I t i s a p p a r e n tf r o m t he a n a l y s i st h a t s a l i e n c yi s t he m a i nd e t e r m i n i n gf a c t o ri n t he proces s o f h a r m o n i cconve r s ion .To exam-

i n et he e f f e c to fs a l i e n c y,t he s i m p l i f i e de q u i v a l e n tc i r c u i t si n F i g u r e5 a r e u s e d f o r t he m a c h i n e ' sd i r e c ta n d q u a d r a t u r ea x e s r e s p e c -t i v e l y.T h e s ec i r c u i t si n c l u d eo n l yon e w i n d i n gi n e a c h a x i so f t her o t o r ( i . e .M d,= M f ,-0). F u r t h e rs i m p l i f i c a t i o ni s a c h i e v e db ys e t t i n gt he d i r e c ta x i sm a g n e t i z i n gi n d u c t a n c e

M d ft o 1 p.u. a n d

m a k i n gL d = 1 , L q = L t a n d R f= t a n d a s s u m i n ge q u a ll e a k a g ei n b o t h a x e s ( i . e .L d - M d f= L q- M q t) . F i n a l l ys a l i e n c y,d e f i n e da s t he r a t i oo f q u a d r a t u r et o d i r e c ta x i sr o t o r f l u x e s ,can b ee x p r e s s e db y

S =I 1-MM d f

6

Vo l t a g e(% )

5

4

1 3

2

- 3

2 5 . 0 5 0 . 0 75.0 100s a l i e n c y (%)

F i g u r eB E f f e c to fs a l i e n c yon g e n e r a t o r h a r m o n i c v o l t a g e s

T h e e f f e c to f sa l i encyha s b e e n t e s t e don a p u r e l yr e s i s t i v el o a do f4 8 4 [( 1p . u . )w i t ha c o u p l i n gc o e f f i c i e n to f1 0 % .C a s e so fp e r f e c ts a l i e n c y(Mqj = 0 )a n d z e r o s a l i e n c y( M 5 j= 1 )p r o d u c en o n o t i c e a b l ee f f e c tw i t hp e r f e c tc o u p l i n g( i . e .zero l e a k a g e s ) .H o w -e v e r ,t h ea d d i t i o no f some l e a k a g e( 0 . 2p . u . )s h o w e dc o n s i d e r a b

d i f f e r e n c ei n t h e

r e s u l t i n gl e v e l so fha rmon icv o l t a g ed i s t o r t i o n ,ass h o w n ii nF i g u r e6 .

U n b a l a n c e dTunedLoadT h i s c a s e i n t r o d u c e st h ee ff ec to fr e s o n a n c e b y r e p l a c i n gt h e

r e s i s t i v el o a dw i t ht h ed e l t ac o n n e c t e dc i r c u i to fF i g u r e7 , t h ereso-n a n c e f r e q u e n c i e sa p p r o x i m a t i n gt h o s eo ft h eo p e n c i r c u i t e dl i n eo ft h et e s ts y s t e m .T h em a c h i n ed a t aa r e g i v e ni nt h eA p p e n d i x .

T h es e q u e n c ec o m p o n e n t sa d m i t t a n c em a t r i xo ft he d e l t ac i r-c u i t i s

Yo+- = O

O

0

( 3+ 6 )Y

- S a2y

7 B

0

- b a Y,3 +

6 1

(1 3 )

( 4 2 )

Thus f r o ms p e c i f i e dl e a k a g e ,s a l i e n c yand r e s i s t a n c e sR a n d R f ,t he m a c h i n ep a r a m e t e r so f e q u a t i o n s( 2 )c a n b e c a l c u l a t e d .

W h i l et h i sm o d e li sn o t r e p r e s e n t a t i v eo f an a c t u a lm a c h i n e ,i td o e s p r o v i d ea s i m p l eway o f v a r y i n ga n d d i s p l a y i n gt he e f f e c to fs a l i e n c yon v o l t a g ed i s t o r t i o n .

c

C

Figure 7 Tuned delta load

8 3 7

I

Authorized licensed use limited to: RWTH AACHEN. Downloaded on June 29, 2009 at 05:35 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

Page 6: Semlyen - PWRS 1987

8/8/2019 Semlyen - PWRS 1987

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/semlyen-pwrs-1987 6/7

8 3 8

w h e r e

a = [ 4 2 0 0

Y 2= = ( 1+ 6 ) Y 1 ,v a l i da t a p a r t i c u l a rf r e q u e n c y

a n d ,u s i n gt h ep r e v i o u sd e f i n i t i o no fc o u p l i n gcoeff i c i en t ,

3K-I - ( 4 4 )3+ 6| ( 4

T h ev a l u e so fL 1 ,C 1 ,L 2 a n d C 2a r ec h o s e nt o s a t i s f yt h r e ec o n d i t i o n s ,n a m e l y,t o g i v et he s a m ep o s i t i v es e q u e n c ea d m i t t a n c ea t t h ef u n d a m e n t a lf r e q u e n c y,t o p r o d u c es p e c i f i e dr e s o n a n c ef r e -q u e n c i e sf o1 a n d f o 2 f o rY 1a n d Y 2r e s p e c t i v e l y,a n d t o m a i n t a i na s p e c i f i e dd e g r e eo f u n b a l a n c e( d e t e r m i n e dby t he c o u p l i n gc o e f f i c i e n t )a t f u n d a m e n t a lf r e q u e n c y.T h e t h r e er e s i s t a n c e sa r ea s s u m e de q u a l .

F r o mt h et e s ts y s t e mw i t h a l i n el e n g t ho f2 0 0k m ,a p p r o x i -m a t ev a l u e sa r e d e r i v e df o rt he d e l t ab r a n c hp a r a m e t e r s ;a t 5 0 H zt h er eac tance( m o s t l yc a p a c i t i v e )a n d r e s i s t a n c ea r e 1 5 5 5a n d 1 2o h m s ,r e s p e c t i v e l y.

I na r e a lt r a n s m i s s i o nl i n eo ff l a tc o n s t r u c t i o nt he a s y m m e t r i -c a li n p u ti m p e d a n c eg i v e sr i s et o t w o l i n em o d e sw h i c hr e s o n a t ea ts l i g h t l yd i f f e r e n tf r e q u e n c i e s .T h i s e f f e c ti ss i m u l a t e di n t he dummyl o a db y m a i n t a i n i n ga cen t rer e s o n a n c ef r e q u e n c yf 0 a n d v a r y i n gt h ea c t u a lr e s o n a n tf r e q u e n c i e so f Y 1 a n d Y 2s y m m e t r i c a l l yonb o t hs i d e so ff o .F i g u r e8 s h o w st h ev a r i a t i o no fh a r m o n i cv o l t a g e sw i t hf o1 - f02w h i l ek e e p i n gf , c o n s t a n ta t t he t h i r dh a r m o n i c .

B ym a i n t a i n i n ga c o n s t a n tu n b a l a n c e ,t he a m o u n to fn e g a t i v es e q u e n c ev o l t a g ea n d cur ren t a t f u n d a m e n t a lf r e q u e n c yi s a p p r o x i -m a t e l yc o n s t a n tw i t hv a r y i ng f, 1 -f o2 -

W i t ht o i > f o2 Y 1i sc a p a c i t i v ea n d Y 2i n d u c t i v ea n dv i c ev e r s a w i t h f o2 > f ol . T h i s r e s u l t si n a s t r o n gu n b a l a n c ea t 3 rd

Vo l t a g e( p . u . )

- 34 . 31 . 0

, . - l

5 0

h a r m o n i c ,l e a d i n gt o i nc r ea s in gn e g a t i v es e q u e n c e3 rd h a r m o n i cv o l -t a g e a n d cur ren tw i t h f ol - fo2 T h i s i s f o l l o w e db y c o r r e s p o n d i n gi n c r e a s e so f5 t h h a r m o n i cv o l t a g ea n dc u r r e n t .T h er a t i oo f5 t h h a r -m o n i cp o s i t i v es e q u e n c et o 3 r dh a r m o n i cn e g a t i v es e q u e n c ei sa p p r o x i m a t e l yc o n s t a n t .

U n t r a n s p o s e dO p e nC i r c u i tL i n e

I n t he t e s ts y s t e mo fF i g u r e3 t he l e n g t ho ft he u n t r a n s p o s e dl i n ew a svar i ed f r o m5 0 t o 8 0 0k m ,a g a i nw i t ht he m a c h i n ed a t o ft he A p p e n d i x .

F i g u r e s9 a a n d b s h o wt he p o s i t i v ea n d n e g a t i v es e q u e n c et h i r dh a r m o n i cv o l t a g e sa t t he m a c h i n et e r m i n a l s .W h i l et h em a c h i n ec a n n o t g e n e r a t eh a r m o n i c sd i r e c t l y,t h e s ea p p e a r a s ar e s u l to ft he u n ba l a n ce p r o du c e db y t he u n t r a n s p o s e dl i n ea n d a r et h e r e f o r ev e r yd ep en d en t o nt he l e n g t ho fl i n e .

I n t he r a n g eo fl i n el e n g t h sb e t w e e n1 6 5t o 20 0km e a c hh a r -m o n i cv o l t a g es h o w sa d o u b l ep e a k .T h e s ep e a k sc o r r e s p o n dt o t h ed i f f e r e n tr e s o n a n tl e n g t h so ft he a a n d/ 3p r o p a g a t i o nm o d e sp r e s e n ti n a l i n eo ff l a tc o n s t r u c t i o n .T h ep e a k soccur a t d i f f e r e n tl e n g t hf o rt h ed i f f e r e n th a r m o n i c s( e . g .a t 1 7 0a n d 1 9 5k m f or p os i t ivs e q u e n c et h i r da n d a t 1 7 5a n d 1 9 0km f o rn e g a t i v es e q u e n c et h i r d ) .T h i se ff ec ti s d u et o t he i m p e d a n c e sa n d d e g r e eo fu n b a l a n c ev a r y -i ng g r ea t l yn e a r t h er e s o n a n c e so ft h et w om o d e s .

Vo l t a g e( % )

( a ) n eg a t iv e s e q u e nc e

l7 l i n e l e n g t h( k m )

6

5

4

3

2

1

( b ) p o s i t i v e s e q u e n c e

1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 0 0l i n e l e n g t h ( k i m )

F i g u r e9 Va r i a t i o no f t h i r d h al i n el e n g t h( a ) n e g a t i v esequence( b ) p o s i t i v esequence

L r m o n i cv o l t a g ew i t h t r a n s m i s s i o ni f - i f 0( H z )0 1 0 2 )

F i g u r e8 H a r m o n i cv o l t a g ed i s t o r t i o nv e r s u sf o l 1 - fo2 w i t hc e n t r er e s o n a n tf r e q u e n c yf0 = 5 0H z

I I I

Authorized licensed use limited to: RWTH AACHEN. Downloaded on June 29, 2009 at 05:35 from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

Page 7: Semlyen - PWRS 1987

8/8/2019 Semlyen - PWRS 1987

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/semlyen-pwrs-1987 7/7

T h eh a r m o n i cv o l t a g el e v e l si n t h i sr a n g eo fd i s t a n c e sa r et ool a r ge t obe i g n o r e d ,v i z .6 w% o fp o s i t i v es e q u e n c et h i r da n d 4%o fn e g a t i v es e q u e n c et h i r dh a r m o n i c sr e s p e c t i v e l y.T h i sc l e a r l yd e m o n -s t r a t e st he n e e df o rd e t a i l e dg e n e r a t o rr e p r e s e n t a t i o na sp r o p o s e di nt h i spaper. T h e l e v e l so f d i s t o r t i o na re a l s os u b s t a n t i a l l yh i g h e rt h a n t h el e v e l sc a l c u l a t e di n t he d u m m yl o a d s ,a s a c o n s e q u e n c eo ft he s t a n d i n gw a v ee f f e c to ft h el i n e .

CONCLUSIONS

A g e n e r a l i z e ds t e a d ys t a t em o d e lo ft h e s y n c h r o n o u sm a c h i n e

has b e e nd e v e l o p e dw h i c hc a n t a k e i n t oa c c o u n ta n y a s y m m e t r yo rd i s t o r t i o np r e s e n ti n t he a r m a t u r ev o l t a g e s .I t ha s b e e ns h o w nt h a tw h e nt h ef i e l dv o l t a g ei s p e r f e c td . c .t he h a r m o n i cm o d e lo f t h em a c h i n eb e c o m e sa p a s s i v ea d m i t t a n c em a t r i x .T h e l e v e lo fi n t e r h a r m o n i cc o u p l i n gha s p rovedt o be p a r t l yl o a d r el a t ed( i . e .a f f e c t e db y t he s i z eo fl o a d c u r r e n ta n d d e g r e eo fa s y m m e t r y )a n dp a r t l yg e n e r a t o rr e l a t e d( a f f e c t e dby s a l i e n c y ) .S u c hh a r m o n i cc o u -p l i n gc a n n o tb e d e t e c t e dw i t hp r e s e n th a r m o n i cm o d e l s ,w h e r et h eg e n e r a t o ri ss h o r t - c i r c u i t e db e h i n dt h es u h t r a n s i e n tr e a c t a n c e .

C o m p u t e rr e s u l t s ,w i t h t he m a c h i n ec o n n e c t e dt o a dummy( a s y m m e t r i c a l )l o a da n d t o a n u n t r a n s p o s e dt r a n s m i s s i o nl i n e ,h a v eb e e n o b t a i n e dt o c o r r o b o r a t et h et h e o r y.T h e yi n d i c a t et h a t t h eh a r m o n i c sg e n e r a t e dby t he m a c h i n emay o f t e nexceedt h el e v e l sp r e s c r i b e db y h a r m o n i cl e g i s l a t i o na n d t h e yn e e d t o b e a s s e s s e d

a c c u r a t e l y.T h ee f f e c to f two d i f f e r e n tr e s o n a n tm o d e sh a v e b e e nd e m o n s t r a t e d ,l e a d i n gt o a s t r o n gu n b a l a n c ea n d t h u s h i g hv o l t a g ed i s t o r t i o n .T h em a i nh a r m o n i cc o n t r i b u t i o n sf r o mt h eg e n e r a t o ra r e

p o s i t i v ea n d n e g a t i v es e q u e n c et h i r dh a r m o n i cc u r r e n t s ,w h i c ht h e r e f o r ec a n n o tb e e l i m i n a t e db y g e n e r a t o ro r t r a n s f o r m e rc o n n e c -t i o n s .

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

T h e a u t h o r sw o u l dl i k et o e x p r e s st h e i ra p p r e c i a t i o nt o t h eN a t u r a lS c i e n c e sa n d R e s e a r c hC o u n c i lo fC a n a d aa n d t o t he Ne wZ e a l a n dE n e r g yR e s e a r c ha n dD e v e l o p m e n tC o m m i t t e ef o rf i n a n c i a ls u p p o r t .

R E F E R E N C E S

8 3 9

[ 3 1D. X i a a n d G . T. H e y d t ," H a r m o n i cP o w e rF l o wS t u d i e sP a r t s I a n d I I " ,i b i d e m ,Vo l .PA S - 1 0 1 ,N o .6 , J u n e1 9 8 2 ,p p .1 2 5 7 - 1 2 7 0 .

[ 4 ]T. J .D e n s e m ,P. S .B o d g e r ,a n d J . A r r i l l a g a ," T h r e eP h a s eTr a n s m i s s i o nS y s t e mM o d e l i n gf o r H a r m o n i cP e n e t r a t i o nS t u d i e s " ,i b i d e m ,Vo l .PA S - 1 0 3 ,N o . 2 , F e b . 1 9 8 4 ,p p .3 1 0 -3 1 7 .

[ 5 ]J . A r r i l l a g a ,D . A .B r a d l e y ,a n d P. S .B o d g e r ," P o w e rS y s t e mH a r m o n i e s " ,b o o k ,J o h nWi l e y,t oa p p e a ri n1 9 8 5 .

[ 6 1H . W.D o m m e l ,A . Ya n , a n d S h iWe i , " H a r m o n i c sf r o mTr a n s f o r m e rS a t u r a t i o n " ,I E E EP a p e r N o . 8 5 SM 3 8 1 - 9p r e s e n t e da t t he 1 9 8 5I E E ESummerP o w e rM e e t i n g ,Va n -c o u v e r ,B . C .

( 7 ]J . A r r i l l a g a ,T. J .D e n s e m ,a n d B . J .H a r k e r," Z e r oS e q u e n c eH a r m o n i cC u r r e n tG e n e r a t i o ni n T r a n s m i s s i o nL i n e s C o n -n e c t e d t o L a r g eC o n v e r t e rP l a n t " ,I E E ETr a n s . o n P o w e rA p p a r a t u sa n d S y s t e m s ,Vo l .PA S - 1 0 2 ,N o . 7 ,J u l y 1 9 8 3 ,p p .2 3 5 7 - 2 3 6 3 .

[ 8 1D . O ' K e l l ya n d S . S i m m o n s ," I n t r o d u c t i o n jt o G e n e r a l i z e dM a c h i n eT h e o r y " ,b o o k ,M c G r a w - H i l l ,L o n d o n ,1 9 6 8 .

[ 9 1C . V. J o n e s ," T h eU n i f i e dT h e o r yo f E l ec tr ic alM a c h i n e s " ,b o o k ,B u t t e r w o r t h s ,L o n d o n ,1 9 6 7 .

[ 1 0 1H . H . H w a n g ," U n b a l a n c e dO p e r a t i o no f T h r e e - P h a s eM a c h i n e sw i t h D a m p e rC i r c u i t s " ,I E E ETr a n s . o n P o w e rA p p a r a t u sa n d S y s t e m s ,Vo l .PA S - 8 8 ,N o . 1 1 ,N o v e m b e r1 9 6 9 , p p .1 5 8 5 - 1 5 9 3 .

APPENDIX

G e n e r a t o rDa ta

T h eg e n e r a t o rd a t a ,b a s e do n t h a t o fHwang[ 1 0 ] ,i sa sf o l l o w s

N o m i n a lp o w e rr a t i n g= 0 0 MVAN o m i n a lv o l t a g e= 1 4kVN o m i n a lf r e q u e n c y= 5 0 H z

[ 1 ] I E E EWo r k i n gG r o u po n P o w e rS y s t e mH a r m o n i c s ," P o w e rS y s t e mH a r m o n i c s :An O v e r v i e w " ,I E E ETr a n s . o n P o w e rA p p a r a t u sa n dS y s t e m s ,Vo l .PA S - 1 0 2 ,N o .8 ,A u g .1 9 8 3 , p p.2 4 5 5 - 2 4 6 0 .

[ 2 ] W. S o n g ,G . T.H e y d t ,a n d W . M .G r a d y," T h eI n t e g r a t i o no fHVDCS u b s y s t e m si n t ot h eH a r m o n i cP o w e rF l o wA l g o -r i t h m " ,i b i d e m ,Vo l .PA S - 1 0 3 ,N o . 8 , A u g .1 9 8 4 ,p p . 1 9 53 -1 9 6 1 .

R = 0 . 0 0 5p . u .R f= 0 . 0 0 0 5p . u .R , = R -0.02 p . u .L d = 1 . 2p . u .L g = 0 . 8p . u .L f= 1 . 2p . u .L s-1.0 p . u .L i= 0 . 8 3 1p .u .

M d f= . 0p . u .M d ,= 1 . 0p . u .M q j= 0 . 6p . u .M f ,-1.0 p . u .Ro = L o- o 0 0