senegal river basin jill kjellsson february 28, 2012
TRANSCRIPT
SENEGAL RIVER BASINJill Kjellsson
February 28, 2012
Overview
Background Information Issues the Basin Faces Organization Development Lessons Learned
Background
Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal
1800 km
Major Tributaries: Bafing, Bakoye, Faleme, Karakoro, Gorgol
3 sections: Upper, Valley and Delta
Population: 3.5 million (85% live near river)
Areas and Rainfall by Country
Country Total area of the country
(km2)
Area of the country
within the basin (km2)
As % of total area of
basin (%)
As % of total area of
country (%)
Average annual rainfall in the
basin area (mm)
Guinea 245,857 29,475 6.1 12.0 1,475
Mali 1,240,190 139,098 28.8 11.2 855
Mauritania 1,025,520 242,742 50.2 23.7 270
Senegal 196,720 71,866 14.9 36.5 520
For Senegal basin
483,181 550
Activity in the Basin
Agriculture
Fishing
Other: sugar cane production, rice farming, mining (small)
Navigation
Manantali Dam
Built in1986
Prevent flooding during rainy season and provide freshwater during dry season
In 2002, put online for hydroelectric power production
700 GWh/year
Mali (52%), Mauritania (15%), Senegal (33%)
Diama Dam
Built in 1988
Prevents salt water intrusion
Raises level of upstream water creating reserves for irrigation and double cropping
Current Issues
Drought
Extreme Poverty
Environmental Impact of the 2 Dams
Waterborne Diseases
Degraded Pastureland and Fisheries
Population Growth
Development of Organizations
1963 - Bamako Convention; Interstate Committee (CIE)
1968 - Labe Convention; Organization of Boundary States (OERS)
1972 - Organization for the Development of the Senegal River (OMVS)
2002 – Senegal River Charter
2005 – Guinea rejoins the OMVS
Participatory Approach: Water Development and Management Master Plan (SDAGE)
Organized and Implemented by the OMVS with support from: BRL Consulting Firm Eau Vive NGO The French Agency for
Development
3 Phases Phase 1 - Diagnose Conditions Phase 2 - Develop Regional
Sectoral Plans Phase 3 - Develop the SDAGE
Documentary being shown at the 6th World Water Forum in March
Lessons Learned
1) Stakeholder participation should be included at all levels of decision-making processes for optimal mutual gain.
2) Lack of participation of all basin nations weakens the overall negotiations and creates opportunity losses for those not participating.
3) Mutually beneficial projects and integrated investments create good neighbors.
From Oregon State University’s Transboundary Freshwater Dispute Database
Works Cited
[1] http://webworld.unesco.org/water/wwap/case_studies/senegal_river/[2] http://www.fao.org/docrep/W4347E/w4347e0h.htm[3]
http://www.transboundarywaters.orst.edu/research/case_studies/OMVS_New.htm
[4] http://gridnairobi.unep.org/chm/waterbasins/senegal_river_basin-17-03-08.jpg [5]
http://www.solutionsforwater.org/solutions/participatory-approach-for-the-design-of-a-water-development-and-management-master-plan-sdage-in-the-senegal-river-basin
[6]http://www.counterpart.org/images/uploads/397%20Blog%20Senegal%20100608_SN_010.JPG
[7] http://www.tractebel-engineering-gdfsuez.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/TEF_08-Manantali-1.jpg?9d7bd4
[8] http://www.eosnap.com/public/media/2008/11/africariver/20081126-africariver-full.jpg
[9] http://cmsdata.iucn.org/img/r_tow_africawest_284_4221.jpg[10] http://www.guideforafrica.com/images/africa/senegal-river.jpg[11] http://en.structurae.de/photos/index.cfm?JS=95748
Questions
1) What do you think the advantages and disadvantages of allocating water to use sectors rather than to countries are? Do you think other countries should allocate water this way instead? Why might they or why might they not choose to allocate water in this way?
2) What impact (positive or negative) does Guinea’s absence from the OMVS have on the basin’s development?
3) Do you believe that similar cooperation is possible in other basins or were the circumstances in the Senegal River basin (decolonization and structuring of national infrastructure at the same time, mutual need for ways to lessen the impacts of severe drought, etc) so unique that the development based on mutual benefits is only possible here?
4) Do you think the participatory approach of developing the SDAGE currently being utilized in the basin can be used in other regions? What factors contribute to the success of such an approach and what factors hinder it?