senior design ii - fall 2007 ece 392 advisor dr. kurt kosbar ece 392 instructor norman cox human...
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Senior Design II - Fall 2007Senior Design II - Fall 2007
ECE 392 AdvisorECE 392 AdvisorDr. Kurt KosbarDr. Kurt Kosbar
ECE 392 InstructorECE 392 InstructorNorman CoxNorman Cox
Human Detection and TrackingHuman Detection and TrackingUsing a Wireless Sensor NetworkUsing a Wireless Sensor Network
ECE 392 ECE 392 StudentsStudentsJoe BishopJoe BishopEmilio NanniEmilio NanniJames JollyJames Jolly
Supporting CS 397 StudentsSupporting CS 397 StudentsScott Lively, Evan Shaw, Eddie Scott Lively, Evan Shaw, Eddie KotowskiKotowski
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Presentation FlowPresentation Flow
OverviewOverviewRefresherRefresherHardware ObjectivesHardware ObjectivesSoftware ObjectivesSoftware Objectives
DesignDesignSensing ChallengesSensing ChallengesHardware DesignHardware DesignSoftware DevelopmentSoftware Development
SummarySummaryThe PresentThe PresentBudgetBudgetThe FutureThe Future
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Overview: Tracking ScenarioOverview: Tracking Scenario
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Overview: ApplicationsOverview: Applications
Intruder DetectionIntruder Detection
Smart Indoor Environments Smart Indoor Environments
Monitoring Hazardous EnvironmentsMonitoring Hazardous Environments
Covert SurveillanceCovert Surveillance
Border SecurityBorder Security
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Crossbow MICA2 MoteCrossbow MICA2 Mote
Crossbow MIB600Crossbow MIB600Ethernet Programming BoardEthernet Programming BoardSensor Network GatewaySensor Network Gateway
Overview: Available HardwareOverview: Available Hardware
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Overview: Hardware ObjectivesOverview: Hardware Objectives
Design Sensor CircuitDesign Sensor Circuit
Layout Data Acquistion BoardLayout Data Acquistion Board
Build Wireless Sensor Unit EnclosureBuild Wireless Sensor Unit Enclosure
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Berkeley MoteBerkeley Mote900 MHz 900 MHz
RadioRadioATmega128LATmega128L
µCµC
PIR Sensor Data Acquisition BoardPIR Sensor Data Acquisition Board
TinyOSTinyOS
Overview: Sensor UnitOverview: Sensor Unit
PIR1PIR1
PIR2PIR2PIR3PIR3 PIR4PIR4 PIR5PIR5 PIR6PIR6
PIR7PIR7
PIR8PIR8
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Overview: Software ObjectivesOverview: Software Objectives
Relay PIR Data from Sensor Units to PCRelay PIR Data from Sensor Units to PC
Capture Data in DatabaseCapture Data in Database
Track Heading to Human Moving Past Track Heading to Human Moving Past Sensor UnitSensor Unit
Triangulate Position of a HumanTriangulate Position of a Human
Visualize Tracking TaskVisualize Tracking Task
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XServeXServeMiddlewareMiddleware
PostgreSQLPostgreSQLDatabaseDatabase
QtQtVisualizationVisualization
TinyOS
TinyOS
Overview: Data FlowOverview: Data Flow
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Black Body RadiationBlack Body Radiation
Plank’s LawPlank’s Law
T = 310K = 98.6T = 310K = 98.6ºFºF
Humans EmitHumans EmitInfrared RadiationInfrared Radiation
2
2
2 1( )
1hc
kT
hcI
e
Design: Human Emission SpectraDesign: Human Emission Spectra
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Balanced Differential (Series Balanced Differential (Series Opposed) Dual Element PIR Opposed) Dual Element PIR SensorSensor
Sensitive 7-14 Sensitive 7-14 μμmm
Viewing Angle 138º - Too LargeViewing Angle 138º - Too Large
Focus the Viewing Angle with Focus the Viewing Angle with a Fresnel Lensa Fresnel Lens
New Viewing Angle 15º New Viewing Angle 15º
Design: Passive Infrared SensorDesign: Passive Infrared Sensor
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8 PIR Sensor’s in a Circular Pattern with 188 PIR Sensor’s in a Circular Pattern with 18º of º of SeparationSeparation
Two Concentric Rings with PIR Sensor at the Two Concentric Rings with PIR Sensor at the Focal Point of the LensFocal Point of the Lens
Design: Wireless Sensor Unit EnclosureDesign: Wireless Sensor Unit Enclosure
4 in
2.9 in
8 in
1.25 in
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Sensor Unit HousingSensor Unit Housing
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Wireless Sensor UnitWireless Sensor Unit
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Range of Sensor 2 - 5 mRange of Sensor 2 - 5 m
Speed of Target 2 - 5 m/sSpeed of Target 2 - 5 m/s
Frequency Range 1 - 8 HzFrequency Range 1 - 8 Hz
maxsensor shortest
fastest
df
v
minsensor longest
slowest
df
v
Design: PIR CharacteristicsDesign: PIR Characteristics
15º15º
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Design: Motion-detecting CircuitDesign: Motion-detecting Circuit
Appropriate FilteringAppropriate GainOutput in Acceptable Voltage RangeOutput Needs Symmetric SwingAir Currents– Fresnel Lenses Help
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Design: Active Bandpass FilterDesign: Active Bandpass Filter
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f = 3 Hz
A = 800
Design: Frequency ResponseDesign: Frequency Response
Frequency
Gai
n
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Design: Frequency ResponseDesign: Frequency Response
Frequency
Gai
n
f = 3 Hz
A = 30 dB
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Design: SDAB ConsiderationsDesign: SDAB Considerations
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)Power ConsumptionInterfaces– PIR Sensors– Mote 51-pin Board-to-board Connector
DimensionsLayoutCost
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Design: SDAB LayoutDesign: SDAB Layout
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separate sensor and mote power suppliesseparate sensor and mote power supplies– mitigates sampling problems caused by mitigates sampling problems caused by
battery voltage fluctuationsbattery voltage fluctuations
metal enclosuremetal enclosure– holds sensors in place, blinds them as necessaryholds sensors in place, blinds them as necessary– mitigates radio interference problemmitigates radio interference problem– mitigates capacitive coupling between boardsmitigates capacitive coupling between boards
Design: Hunting Noise SourcesDesign: Hunting Noise Sources
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Design: Example PIRSDAB OutputDesign: Example PIRSDAB Output
samples (approx. 16 per s)samples (approx. 16 per s)
ADCADCoutputoutput
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Design: Interpreting Each OutputDesign: Interpreting Each Output
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Design: Data CaptureDesign: Data Capture
used PostgreSQL databaseused PostgreSQL database
supports software testingsupports software testing
easy to extend stored dataeasy to extend stored data
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Design: Qt VisualizationDesign: Qt Visualization
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Design: Position EstimatorDesign: Position Estimator
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Design: Position EstimatorDesign: Position Estimator
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Design: Position EstimatorDesign: Position Estimator
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Design: Position EstimatorDesign: Position Estimator
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Design: Position EstimatorDesign: Position Estimator
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Design: Position EstimatorDesign: Position Estimator
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Design: Position EstimatorDesign: Position Estimator
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Summary: The PresentSummary: The Present
Hardware CompleteHardware Complete
Mote Software CompleteMote Software Complete
Qt Visualization CompleteQt Visualization Complete
Tracking Software Needs WorkTracking Software Needs Work
Demo Next Week!Demo Next Week!
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Summary: BudgetSummary: Budget
Part Description Unit Price Quantity Total Price
RE200B PIR Sensor 1.65 32 52.80
PicoBlade 1.25 mm Straight Headers 1.42 6 8.52
PicoBlade 1.25 mm Receptacles 0.75 6 4.50
Crimp Terminal 28-32 AWG 0.04 100 4.19
Crimp Terminal 26-28 AWG 0.04 100 4.62
Hirose Connector 3.05 4 12.20
Lenses 0 32 0
PCB Fabrication 70.00 4 280.00
Miscallaneous 100
Total 466.83
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Hardware:
Gain Adjustments
Improved Construction
Single Power Supply
Software:
Custom Middleware
Use Baeysian Inference to Interpret PIR Signal
Improve Position Estimator
Summary: The FutureSummary: The Future
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What a long, strange trip it has been!What a long, strange trip it has been!
http://acm.cs.umr.edu/~jwjb62http://acm.cs.umr.edu/~jwjb62