Choking

If the casualty is only able to partially breath

Allow to cough without interference

Effective Ineffective

• Allow to recover

• Arrange for further medical care

if serious

Choking

If the casualty is unable to breath

Deliver four back blowsin middle of shoulder blades

Effective Ineffective

• Allow to recover

• Arrange for further medical care

Choking

If the casualty continues to be unable to breath

Lay on side and deliver four lateral chest thrusts

Effective Ineffective

• Allow to recover

• Arrange for further medical care

Choking

If the casualty continues to be unable to breath

Begin CPR/Rescue BreathsCall Ambulance

Choking

Demonstration

Choking

If you have a need to explain to a judge why you wanted

to invert a students ribs and drive them up into theirs lung thus killing them! The Heimlich

Manoeuvre comes high recommended!

Punctured LungPneumothorax

The pressure within the pleural space is greater than atmospheric pressure; as a result, the mediastinum is displaced to one side, which interferes with breathing.

•Sucking or wheezing sound•Difficulty breathing•Wound

•Do not remove imbedded objects

Air in the pleural space

Sucking Chest Wound

Demonstration

Exposure (Thermal Injuries)What is it

A core body temperature lower than homeostasis of 37.2 degrees

A core body temperature higher than homeostasis of 37.2 degrees

Exposure (Thermal Injuries)How to identify it

Hypothermia• Shivering• Blue lips• Non responsive• Convinced of warmth• Exhaustion, headache ,

dizziness, vomiting• Hallucinating• Low pulse• Passes out• Dead?

Hyperthermia• Cramps• Pale clammy skin• Absence of sweet relative to

conditions• Rapid pulse• Exhaustion, headache , dizziness,

vomiting• Hallucinating• Passes out• Dead!

Exposure (Thermal Injuries)How to Manage it

Hypothermia• Remove from exposure!• Wrap in something warm

– Exposure blanket– Blanket– Spare clothing

• Luke warm sugary drink• Gentle radiant heat

Hyperthermia• Remove from exposure!• Wet towels• Cold drink• Gentle cooling breeze

Head Injury Indicators

Black Eye

Loss of Teeth

Deformation

Hanging Jaw

Change in State of Consciousness

UnequalPupils

Hemi-paresis/Hemi-plagia

Ear Discharge

Fractures

Swelling & Bruising

Stiff Neck

Nasal Discharge

Scalp Wound

Spinal Column

Spinal Injury Management

Demonstration

Eye Injury

• Flush for 20min using saline• Cup hand over eye• Treat as RICER/Burn/Protruding injury as

appropriate

Displaced Tooth

• If dirty clean with saline solution

• Wrap in clean tissue• Use milk or saliva to

keep moist• Refer to a dentist

ASAP

The End