senior project (met 497) final presentation
TRANSCRIPT
Evaporative CoolerTeam Members : Ahmed Al Dobouni & Majed Noor
College of Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology
MET- 497 - Senior Project, Spring 2015
Prof. Craig Engle Prof. Lash Mapa
Advisors
Table of Contents
Introduction Project Goals & Objectives Project Specifications Project Deliverables Theoretical Background Temperature and Relative
Humidity Readings Targeted Parameters Calculations
Design Project Management Schedule Risk Assessment Budget Video Testing Results Conclusion References
Introduction
With the increased demand on cooling, the need
of delivering cooling devices at affordable
prices becomes essential.
Manufacturers of cooling devices promote the
idea of using evaporative coolers in dry and hot
climates.
Project Goals & Objectives
Suitable to operate in a dry and hot climate
Design a prototype that encourages the use of environmental friendly
cooling devices
Effectively implement and apply what the design team members have
learned throughout their engineering education
Project Specifications Drops air temperature by at least 10 degrees Fahrenheit
Effectively cools a room with up to 1989 in volume
Water Reservoir can hold up to 5 gallons of water
The cost of the prototype to design and build (< $500)
Saves up to 50 to 75 % of electrical cost compared to a traditional air
conditioning unit (Air & Water, 2015)
Project Deliverables
Project Report
Complete design of an Evaporative Cooler
SolidWorks detailed drawings
Fabricate and assemble the Evaporative Cooler prototype
Test the functionality of the designed Evaporative Cooler
Risk Assessment
Theoretical Background
Ref: (Richmueller, 2012)
Theoretical Background (Cont.)
Evaporative Coolers operate based on the evaporation of water
The evaporation of water occurs without adding any external energy
The evaporative cooling process is a constant enthalpy process (Pita, 2002)
This occurs by decreasing the sensible heat and increasing the latent heat
Temperature and Relative Humidity ReadingsThese Readings are for Phoenix, Arizona
Requirements Results
Average Dry Bulb Temperature from May to
September of 2015
Month May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Reading 77.2 92.8 93.6 96.3 88.8Average 89.74 °F = 90 °F
Assumed Drop in Temperature From 10 °F to 20 °F
Wet Bulb Temperature from May to September of 2015
Month May Jun Jul Aug Sep
Reading 55.1 61.2 69.5 71.8 67.6Average 65.04 °F = 65 °F
Relative Humidity from May to September of 2015
Month May Jun July Aug Sep
Reading 25 22.5 34 38.5 36.5Average 31.3 = 31
Targeted Parameters
Ref: (Pita, 2012)
Targeted Parameters (Cont.)
Ref: (Pita, 2012)
Calculations: How Much Water The System Consumes Per Hour
Wet Bulb Depression
(F)
Saturation Efficiency
0.80
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.90
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
5
0.50
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.60
0.61
10
0.99
1.02
1.04
1.07
1.09
1.12
1.14
1.17
1.19
1.22
15
1.49
1.53
1.56
1.60
1.64
1.68
1.71
1.75
1.79
1.83
20
1.99
2.04
2.09
2.14
2.19
2.23
2.28
2.33
2.38
2.43
25
2.48
2.55
2.61
2.67
2.73
2.79
2.86
2.92
2.98
3.04
30
2.98
3.05
3.13
3.20
3.28
3.35
3.43
3.50
3.58
3.65
35
3.48
3.56
3.65
3.74
3.82
3.91
4.00
4.08
4.17
4.26
40
3.97
4.07
4.17
4.27
4.37
4.47
4.57
4.67
4.77
4.87
WBD = DB – WB
WBD = (90 – 65) °F = 25 °F
SE =
SE = So, Water Consumption = 2.5
Ref: (Bahaita, 2012)
Calculations (Cont.): The Size of the Fan
CFM = ACH x (Pita, 2002)
ACH: 30 air changes per hour are recommended in Phoenix Arizona
V = 1989
CFM =
Calculations (Cont.):Water Cost in Phoenix Arizona
• Water cost per gallon = = $ 0.0053
• Water cost per hour = $ 0.0053 x 2.5 gallons = $ 0.013
Average Water Cost in the Summer
Water Cost per 748 gallons of water
May June July August September Average
$ 3.60 $ 4.03 $ 4.03 $ 4.03 $ 4.03 $ 4
VOLUME CHARGES per 748 Gallons (Effective March 1, 2016)Seasons Inside City Outside City
Low Season: Dec., Jan., Feb., March $3.06 $4.59Medium Season: April, May, Oct., Nov. $3.60 $5.40
High Season: June, July, Aug., Sept. $4.03 $6.05
Ref: (City of Phoenix, 2016)
Calculations (Cont.): Hourly Total Electrical Cost
Energy (KW/hr) = Power (KW) x Time (hr)
Fan Energy (KW/hr) = 0.19 KW x 1 hour = 0.19 KW/hr
Cost to Operate the Fan (hr) = 0.19 KWh x 11.29¢/kWh = 2.15¢/hr.
Pump Energy (KW/hr) = 0.025 KW x 1 hour = 0.025 KW/hr
Cost to Operate the Pump (hr) = 0.025 KWh x 11.29¢/kWh = 0.28¢/hr
Total Electrical Cost (hr) = Fan Electrical Cost (hr) + Pump Electrical Cost (hr)
= 2.15¢/hr + 0.28¢/hr =
2.43¢/hr
Calculations (Cont.): Hourly Total Cost to Operate the System
Total Water Cost (hr) = $ 0.013
Total Electrical Cost (hr) = ¢ 2.43 x
Thus, Total Cost to Operate the System (hr) :$ 0.013 + $ 0.024 = $ 0.037
Calculations (Cont.): Average Cost to Operate an Air Conditioning Unit in Arizona
Cost to Operate the designed Evaporative Cooler per 24 hours = $0.888
Cost to Operate an air conditioning unit per 24 hours for a room with up to
2000 ft3 = $2.374
Calculations (Cont.): Cooling Media Size
The recommended design velocity of the should have a Face Velocity (FV)
of between 500 to 550 feet per minute (FPM)
The Face Velocity (FV) =
FV = 524
Thus, Area of Cooling Media =
Calculations (Cont.): Dimensions of the BoxCooling Media Face Area = 1.9
• Cooling Media length = • Tank height = 4 in x = 0.333 𝑓𝑡
• Tank Area = • Box width =
• To confirm: 1.4ft x 1.43ft x 0.333ft = 0.667
Design: Exploded View of the Assembly
Design: Back Side of the Box
Design: Dimensions of the Box
Design: 3D Side & Back View of the System
Project Management ScheduleTask Wee
k 1Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Week 5
Week 6
Week 7
Week 8
Week 9
Week 10
Week 11
Week 12
Week 13
Week 14
Week 15
Week 16
Prepare a 3D Model on SolidWorks Design Work and Drawings Completed
Do the Calculations Decide the Water Pump
Design the Frame
Design for the Mounting Holes of Fan and Pump
Calculations Completed and Approved Combing and Testing the Pump Motor
Purchase the Fan, Insulation, and the Flow Meter
Fabricating and Machining of Other Parts
Design for the Mounting Holes of Fan and Pump
Assembly and Testing of Parts Complete Final Testing
Final Report
Presentation
Risk Assessment: Risk Ranking Schedule
Highly
Likely5 10 15 20 25
Likely 4 8 12 16 20
Possible 3 6 9 12 15
Unlikely 2 4 6 8 10
Not Likely 1 2 3 4 5
Low Moderate Serious Major Catastrophic
Catastrophic 20-25
Major 16-19
Serious 11-15
Moderate 6-10
Low 1-5
Risk Range Risk Level
Risk Assessment (Cont.): Initial Risk Assessment
No. Hazard Probability (Frequency)
Impact (Severity) Risk Level Risk Range
1 Electrical Shock due water being in contact with electrical cables 5 5 25 Catastrophi
c
2
Electric shock due to the connected electric cables not properly being
sealed with a proper electric sealant tape at the connection points
4 5 20 Catastrophic
3 Physical Injury due to the moving fan 3 4 12 Serious
4 Electrical Shock due to plugging the system’s electrical cord to an outlet
with wetted hands4 4 16 Major
5 Electrical Shock due to the pump and the fan cables being loose 3 3 9 Moderate
Risk Assessment (Cont.): The Applied Control MeasuresNo. Hazard Solution
1 Electrical Shock due water being in contact with electrical cables
Covering the electrical cables with a water proof box will reduce the
likelihood of an electrical shock to occur
2
Electric shock due to the connected electric cables not properly being sealed with a proper electric sealant tape at the
connection points
The connected electric cables at can be sealed with an electric sealant tape at the
connection points
3 Physical Injury due to the moving fanFixing a Fan Guard will assist in limiting the contact between the moving fan and
individuals
4Electrical Shock due to plugging the
system’s electrical cord to an outlet with wetted hands
Indicate in documentation to dry hands well prior to turning on the system
5 Electrical Shock due to the pump and the fan cables being loose
The electric cables can be fixed in place using electric cable ties
Risk Assessment (Cont.): Final Risk Assessment
No. Hazard Probability (Frequency)
Impact (Severity) Risk Level Risk Range
1 Electrical Shock due water being in contact with electrical cables 2 3 6 Moderate
2
Electric shock due to the connected electric cables not properly being
sealed with a proper electric sealant tape at the connection points
3 2 6 Moderate
3 Electrical Shock due to the pump and the fan cables being loose 2 2 4 Low
4 Physical Injury due to the moving fan 2 2 4 Low
5 Electrical Shock due to Turning on the system with wetted hands 2 1 2 Low
Initial Budget
Component’s Name Quantity Vendor Part Number Individual Price Total Price
Fan 1 McMaster-Carr 2058K2 $239.31 $239.31Cooling Media
24" X 288" X 1"1 Indoor Comfort Supply 3409 $28.99 $28.99
Water Pump 1 Little Giant Outdoor Living CP3115 $68.48 $68.48
Plastic Valve 2 The Home Depot 032888076334 $2.38 $4.76
Plastic 90o Elbow Fitting 4 The Home Depot 611942038926 $0.28 $1.12
Plastic T-pipe Fitting 1 The Home Depot 611942038916 $0.54 $0.54Plastic Tubing Straps 1 The Home Depot 038561013832 $0.65 $0.65
PVC Cement/Primer Combo 1 The Home Depot 038753302485 $7.68 $7.68
0.5’’ x 1.0’ Plastic Pipe 1 The Home Depot 754826200488 $1.41 $1.41Flow Meter 1 Timers Plus P0550 $10.75 $10.75
Metal Sheets 6 Purdue University Calumet N\A $0 $0
Welding Cost 6 Purdue University Calumet N\A $0 $0
Initial Budget (Cont.)
Component’s Name Quantity Vendor Part NumberIndividual
PriceTotal Price
Screws 8 Lindy’s ACE 56 $ 0.23 $ 1.84Silicone 1 Lindy’s ACE 11961 $ 6.49 $ 6.49
Electric Switch 1 Lindy’s ACE 3531266 $ 4.49 $ 4.498 ft Power Tool Cord 1 Home Depot 756847000252 $ 9.56 $ 9.56
Teflon PTFE Thread Seal Tape 1 Home Depot 078864178500 $ 0.57 $ 0.57Garden Hose Adapter 2 Home Depot 098268624885 $ 4.80 $ 9.60
PVC Male Adapter 2 Home Depot 611942038176 $ 0.36 $ 0.72½ Cap Slip 1 Home Depot 611942038527 $ 0.38 $ 0.38
Schedule 40 PVC Reducer Bushing 2 Home Depot 611942038176 $ 0.58 $ 1.16
AMP Ring Vinyl 1 Home Depot 045686045174 $ 1.98 $ 1.98Blue Female/Male Pairs
Disconnect 1 Menards 3640399 $ 7.69 $ 7.69
Grip Fast 1/8" X 1/2" Slotted/Phillips Machine Screws 1 Menards 2338505 $ 0.82 $ 0.82
The Total Cost of the Initial Budget = $ 409
Adjusted Budget of the Project after Risk Assessment
Final Budget = Total Cost of the Initial Budget + Total Cost of the Adjusted Budget
= $ 409 + $ 24.91 = $ 436.48
Component’s Name Quantity Vendor Part Number Individual Price Total Price
Expanded Sheet (Fan Guard) 3” F Lindy’s ACE 5157961 $ 2.99 $ 8.97
Electric Tape 1 Home Depot 813848010021 $ 0.72 $ 0.72
Waterproof Electrical Box 1 Home Depot 042269006799 $ 13.97 $ 13.97
4” in Ties 1 Menards 3642627 $ 1.25 $ 1.25
The Total Cost of the Adjusted Budget = $ 24.91
Testing Results
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65757677787980818283848586878889909192939495
Experiment Results
Temperature Changes over Time
Time (Minutes)
Tem
pera
tue
(F)
Conclusion
Project SpecificationsTesting
Results
Met
Specifications
Didn’t Meet
Specifications
Drops air temperature by at least 10 degrees Fahrenheit 11 °F
Effectively cools a room with up to 1989 in volume 1989 Water Reservoir can hold up to 5 gallons of water 5 gallons
The cost of the prototype to design and build (< $500) $ 436.48
Saves up to 50 to 75 % of electrical cost compared to a
traditional air conditioning unit $ 0.024
The Table below demonstrates the conclusion of the project
ReferencesReferences
Arizona Department of Water Resources. (2015). Residential Home Page. Retrieved on April 14,
2016 from: http://www.azwater.gov/AzDWR/StatewidePlanning/Conservation2/Resident
ial/Residential_Home2.htm
Arizona Electricity Rates & Consumption. (2016). Residential Electricity Rates & Consumption
in Arizona. Retrieved on April 15, 2016 from: http://www.electricitylocal.com/states/ariz
ona/
Air & Water. (2015). Portable Air Conditioners vs. Swamp Coolers - Which is Right for You?
Retrieved on March 10, 2016 from: http://www.air-n-water.com/Portable-AC-
SwampCooler.htm
All Systems Mechanical. (2016). How Much Does it Cost to Run an Air Conditioner? Retrieved
on April 15, 2016 from: http://asm-air.com/airconditioning/much-cost-run-air-conditioner/
Bahaita, A. (2012). Principles of Evaporative Cooling System. Retrieved on March 7, 2016
from: http://www.pdhonline.org/courses/m231/m231content.pdf
MyForecast. (2015). Almanac: Historical Information. Retrieved on September 15, 2015 from: h
ttp://www.myforecast.com/bin/climate.m?city=10899&metric=false
Nakayama, S. (2015). Risk Assessment [PDF document]. Retrieved from: https://mycourses.purd
uecal.edu/webapps/blackboard/execute/content/file?cmd=view&content_id=_5581596_1
&course_id=_196257_1
Pita, G. Edward. (2002). Finding the Infiltration Rate. Air Conditioning Principles and Systems:
An Energy Approach (4th ed., p. 9-169). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
Phoenix Weather Forecast and Current Conditions. (2016). Temperature Summary (F). Retrieved
on February 2, 2016 from: http://tiggrweather.net/wxtempsummary.php