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Sense Organs

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Page 1: Sense Organs. Chemoreceptors Taste and smell sensory receptors Most primitive sense, all animals have it Important in finding food, locating a mate and

Sense Organs

Page 2: Sense Organs. Chemoreceptors Taste and smell sensory receptors Most primitive sense, all animals have it Important in finding food, locating a mate and

Chemoreceptors

Taste and smell sensory receptors Most primitive sense, all animals have it Important in finding food, locating a mate and

detecting chemicals Location varies by animal

Jacobsen’s organ - snakes

Page 3: Sense Organs. Chemoreceptors Taste and smell sensory receptors Most primitive sense, all animals have it Important in finding food, locating a mate and

Taste

4 primary types of taste Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami? Cheeses, broth, seafood, Asian foods

Microvilli of taste cell has receptor proteins for food molecules

Page 4: Sense Organs. Chemoreceptors Taste and smell sensory receptors Most primitive sense, all animals have it Important in finding food, locating a mate and

Smell

10 – 20 million olfactory cells!! (modified neurons) Declines with age

Located on roof of nasal cavity Olfactory bulb (extension of brain) has direct

connection with limbic system (emotions and memory)

Smell and taste work together in cerebral cortex Sometime molecules from smell travel to mouth and

you taste it

Page 5: Sense Organs. Chemoreceptors Taste and smell sensory receptors Most primitive sense, all animals have it Important in finding food, locating a mate and

Vision

Photoreceptors – sensitive to light Some animals have “eye spots”, some have

image forming eyes Insects have color vision, shorter spectrum

but includes ultraviolet light Some fish, all reptiles, most birds monkeys, apes and humans only mammals

Stereoscopic vision (binocular – in front) Panoramic vision – eyes on side, prey

Page 6: Sense Organs. Chemoreceptors Taste and smell sensory receptors Most primitive sense, all animals have it Important in finding food, locating a mate and

Human Eye

Page 7: Sense Organs. Chemoreceptors Taste and smell sensory receptors Most primitive sense, all animals have it Important in finding food, locating a mate and

Human eye

3 layers Sclera – clear outer layer

Cornea – refracts light rays Conjunctive – moistens Pupil – light enters

Choroid – middle, includes blood vessels iris – color of eye, regulates light entrance Ciliary muscle – holds lens in place

Retina – inner layer, metallic Rods –sensitive to light, black and white, night vision Cones – color vision Fovea centralis – acute vision

Page 8: Sense Organs. Chemoreceptors Taste and smell sensory receptors Most primitive sense, all animals have it Important in finding food, locating a mate and

Eye

Lens Refracts and focuses light, can be replaced

Aqueous humor Water solution, anterior of eye, behind lens Glaucoma – pressure builds up

Vitreous humor Gel material in posterior of eye Stabilizes the shape of eye, support retina

Optic nerve – sends info to brain Blind spot – optic nerve exits the retina, no rods or

cones

Page 9: Sense Organs. Chemoreceptors Taste and smell sensory receptors Most primitive sense, all animals have it Important in finding food, locating a mate and

Disorders of eye

Presbyopia – old-sightedness lens loses its ability to accommodate near objects

Nearsighted (myopia) Elongated eyeball, image in focus in front of retina

Farsighted (hyperopia) Shortened eyeball, image focused behind the retina

Astigmatism Cornea or lens is uneven, image is fuzzy

Cataract – aging, exposure to sun, lens is milky and cannot transmit light rays

Page 10: Sense Organs. Chemoreceptors Taste and smell sensory receptors Most primitive sense, all animals have it Important in finding food, locating a mate and

Hearing and balance – The Ear

Mechanoreceptors sensitive to pressure, sound waves and gravity

Outer ear – pinna flap, auditory canal Middle ear – tympanic membrane (ear drum)

Ossicles – stapes (stirrup), incus (anvil), malleus (hammer)

Eustachian tube – equalization of pressure Inner ear – contains fluid

Semicircular canals, vestibule – equilibrium Cochlea - hearing

Page 11: Sense Organs. Chemoreceptors Taste and smell sensory receptors Most primitive sense, all animals have it Important in finding food, locating a mate and

Sound

Auditory canal tympanic membrane malleus incus stapes oval window endolymph in cochlea hair cells of cochlea synapse with nerve fibers of auditory nerve basilar membrane “organ of corti” nerve impulse travels to brain stem auditory area of cerebral cortex = sound!!

Page 12: Sense Organs. Chemoreceptors Taste and smell sensory receptors Most primitive sense, all animals have it Important in finding food, locating a mate and

Sense of Balance

Semicircular canals – mechanoreceptors Rotational equilibrium – head rotation Gravitational equilibrium – straight line

movement

Page 13: Sense Organs. Chemoreceptors Taste and smell sensory receptors Most primitive sense, all animals have it Important in finding food, locating a mate and

Sensory receptors in animals

Lateral line – fish – Detects water currents and pressure waves Collection of hair cells with cilia

Statocysts – gravitational equilibrium Cnidarians, molluscs, crustaceans Give information only about the head


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