sensor system technology conversion for real/logical world

Sensor System Technology Conversion for Real/Logical World

Conjunction

October 26, 2006Tsuneo KatsuyamaFujitsu Laboratories

All Rights Reserved. Copyright (C) 2006 FUJITSU LABORATORIES LTD.2

• Activity on RFID systems(current)


FUJITSU RFID Total SolutionsFUJITSU RFID Total Solutions

RFID Tags

　 Business Solution 　

RFID Support Services 　

・ Work Analysis・ Systems Integration Support・ Tag Printing・ Making Manuals/Training・ Operational Support

Asset ManagementProduct Management/Warehouse ManagementLogistics/Retail/Library ManagementRental Product Management

　 RFID Middleware 　

　 Readers, Writers, RFID Printers 　


UHF RFID Technologies

FRAMFRAM Based Tag LSI Based Tag LSI 　　Low Power, High speed memory access256/1KByte memory256/1KByte memory 　　

Use for data carrier

Long range type

Reader/WritersThe world smallest R/W for handheld terminal

Tags corresponding to applications

Tag LSI

Antenna

Tag LSI

Antenna

Tag LSI

Antenna

Waterproof Rewritable sheet

Soft laundry CD/DVD

For metal surface

ロジック

BGR

FR

AM

(2

Kb

)

1.5

0 m

m

1.23 mm

VCO

電流モードデモジュレータ

Antenna

Tag LSI

TagLO G IC

BGR

O VER PO W ERPRO TEC TIO N

FR

AM

(2

56B

)

1.5

0 m

m

1.23 mm

VCO

D EM O D U LATO RAntenna

Tag LSI

TagREC TIFIER

CF interface


RFID tags for various applications

Linen TagsLinen Tags

Paper Label Tags/PETPaper Label Tags/PET

Flexible software-molding linen tags

Durability performance to the bend or the impact

on daily cleaning process

Batch processing (reading) of linen goods

■■FlexibilityFlexibility

■■WaterproofWaterproof

■■Resistance to chemicalsResistance to chemicals

Ultraslim Metal CompatibleUltraslim Metal Compatible Tags Tags

Rewritable SheetsRewritable Sheets

Compared with normal metal compatible

tags, the ultraslim tags are less than 2mm

thick■ Successfully develop the technologies Successfully develop the technologies necessary fornecessary for sticking a tag to the sticking a tag to the metal surfacemetal surface

■ Successfully developSuccessfully develop to trim down on to trim down on tags less than 2mmtags less than 2mm

■ Distance of signals about Distance of signals about １１ mm

Resin TagsResin Tags

■ ■ Refastenable on Refastenable on palettes, platespalettes, plates

■Operational cost Operational cost reduction for reusingreduction for reusing

■ It is possible not only to It is possible not only to read but also to take a read but also to take a visible confirmvisible confirm

■ Paper label typePaper label type

■ Plastic card typePlastic card type

■ ■ Heat-resistingHeat-resisting

■ ■ Pressure-proofPressure-proof


・ The batch reading and writing can be done just in getting past a security gate with palletized products(Operation) started on May 24, 2006

【 Effects 】- Improve the accuracy of inspection goods- Reduce the workload (Data input for inspection goods, and other related operations)- Prevent mistakes for delivery (Data input; address of receivers, and inventory locations)

The product’s carton case is clearly labeled UHF-band RFID tagged rewritable-sheet (on front to back/side to side). It has the technology available for the batch reading and writing.(After the starting of formal operation, reading error→None!)

Application case in Fujitsu 　SCM of Oyama Works and Nasu Works


2. Technology for the Next Stage


Direction

Current RFID Systems

Next Generation Systems

Integration into the ICT systemsfor daily services

Real world - Logical world conjunction

Easy-to-use the advanced technology in the actual fields

Fit to physical environment/Operation skill/…Sophisticated functions for good services

Networking/System integration sensors, business systems,…

Creating new application area (Tracing, Real-time management, ..)


• Easy-to-use in physical environments


Motivation

To use advanced technology in actual environments Adjustability for daily changes in the fields Optimization without any skill

System design fitting to each environment → Simulation technology

Skill-less tuning in the fields → Measurement technology

Basic wireless technology for small area analysis is important.


Wireless Technologies for RFID

EM simulation

Antenna design

Link simulation

Container yard Simulation model Electrical field distribution

Dense R/W environment

Modeling 3D directivity

-10

-5

0

50

90

180

270

Upper antenna

Lower antenna2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

0

20

40

60

80

100

チャネル数

平均

時間

率 (%)

リーダ

タグ

#1 #2 #4 #5#3

#11 #12 #14 #15#13

#16 #17#19 #20#18

#21 #22 #24 #25#23

#6 #7 #9 #10#8

D

Reader

Tag

P1: R/W TxP2: Tag Rx w/o errorP3: Duplex communication

P1

P2

P3

P1

P2

P3

△:LBT○:Method 1□:Method 2

Number of channel

Tim

e p

rob

ab

ilit

y(%

)

Simulation Engine


B. Sophisticated functions integrated into tags

Only RFID basic function is not enough for real applications.

Topics: Active tag technology for security


Problem/solution of active tags

It can be read radio signal regularly from active RFID tag using a cheaper reader device. Emission of radio wave becomes a threat because anyone

can know existence of source from the remote place ID is tapped.

Tracing behavior Spoofing by resend attack

Spoofing by catching & resending radio signal

It does not emit except when it is necessary, that is, it responds only when there is inquiry from a right reader device.

Additionally, it responds by the signal encrypted at random.

Problem

Solution


Secure RFID system

< Cross certification flow >

RFID tag

Reader writer(R/W)

(every time different value)

Tag ID is encrypted with timeinformation and responded.

1.

2.

3. 4.

5.

OK!ID Key, Time, SysID

7.ID extraction

NG!STOP !! Do not respond.

Key, Time, SysID

Encryption data6.

8.

ID requests commandis encrypted with time information.

Attestation 2(decode and attestation of the tag)

Attestation 1(decode and attestation of the R/W)


Specification of the prototype Common specification

Reader writer specification

Tag specification

38.4kbpsTransmission ratecommon key cryptosystem (DES)Security method

315MHz and slight wireless standard conformingCommunication method

About 10mCommunication distance2^128 or less pieceNumber of tag

ContentItem

100mmx80mmx25mmSize

less than 0.5WPower consumption

USB Bus Powered / DC5V AC AdaptorPower supplyUSB 、 LAN 、 WLANHost I/F

ContentItem

fixed type

77mmx25mmx8mmSize

less than 0.5WPower consumption

USB Bus PoweredPower supplyUSBHost I/F

ContentItem

USB dongle type

34mmx34mmx5mm(except Battery ）Size

Around 1 year (CR2032, depend on the specification. )

Power consumption (battery life)

Lithium button battery （ DC ３ V)Power supplyContentItem

tag


Comparison of RFID tag

around 1 year2 ）around 1 year2 ）

semipermanent (no battery)(Operate by the electromagnetic

induction)Lifetime

with sensorsensor NW

intercommunication with sensorNo Extendibility

Tracking person(no restriction)

Tracking person (restricted area)

DistributionInventory control of goods

Application

around $103 ）less than $103 ）less than $13 ）Cost

◎Respond to inquiry from the authenticated reader

ID encryption

×Always emitting radio

signal

△Respond to inquiry from the

readerID non-encryption

Security

~ １０ｍ> １０ｍ~ ４ｍ１）Comm. distance

Secure RFID tagActive RFID tagPassive RFID tag

1): UHF band RFID tag, 2): depends on specification (one operation per second is assumed), 3): The expectation.


Applications

Nurse callCallbutton

BuzzerTag

Tag

Reader

Hospital Two-way and secure

communication with

a buzzer and button

SearchingReader

Packages with tags

Blinking LED

Locationdetection

Two-way Communication

with LED indication

Temperature sensor

Temperature controller

Reader

Multi-functional tag

Packages with UHF passive tags

Pallet

Storage Management for distribution

Two-way communication

with sensing capability, and

cooperation with the passive tags

Get environment information

Patient call

Temperature control signal

Warehouse


C. Networking the sensors/systems


Sensor Network

Carefully covered the entire target zone for monitoringQuick auto-detection a problem such as natural phenomena, and small sign of changes (natural, business, …)

Rate of Soil moisture Condition of soil excavationThe inclination changes

Water level changes

VibrationSlope

Implementation of the Sensor Network system just like wired net which can be set up easily and at low cost.

intrusion by suspicious individuals

Raising of water dangerous level

Traffic jamsAccidentsTunnel fire disasters


System model

Management servers

Backbonegateway

CameraTemperature, stress, acceleration,…

Video

control

Automatic path finding

Power supply box

Data Center

Wireless ad-hoc

Watcher/sensor

sensor

access

notify

Trifle networkAd hoc technology basis

We focus on here!

Storage of collected sensor data, analyze, reuse and notify to watcherData center

Highway network for collection of sensor data from trifle networksBackbone

Fine grain network to connect between backbone and sensorsTrifle network

Collection of data and site watchingWatcher/sensor


Wired sensor network: S-wire

Technology for trifle network Wired mesh net for sensor nodes

Communication and remote power supply functions Each node has several joints to connect wire and sensor interface Easy to deploy, configure and modify on the site Security

Encryption communication data Detect cut cable quickly, and re-route

S-wire nodejoint

sensor

gatewaywire

Actuator

Power supply boxSerial Sensor interface


3cm3cm2.3cm

S-wire node


Sensor network system

Fully distributed message transfer Ad-hoc routing Self checking the

adjacent nodes

Remote power supply

Node

Watersenso

r

Node

Watersenso

r Node

Temperatur

e

Node

Acceralation

sensor

Node

Node

Notify the resultsNotify the resultsServerServer

GatewayGateway

Backbone network

Self-managing architecture

Node

Motion

sensor


Advantages

High communication quality Independent from density of sensor nodes

Good flexibility Re-route quickly in the case of disconnection of cables or destruction

of nodes Notify warnings when disconnection, destruction, and other errors Load balancing in the case of traffic jam of sensor data Easy to know the position of nodes: Relative logical position from

gateways Easy to deploy nodes: just connect with uniform nodes, just put

sensor sheet or net

Good maintenance condition No worry about power supply for each node

Compact and cheap (no radio module/power unit, one chip configuration)


Ex ： landslide watching system

Paste sensor sheet to watching areaWatching condition, and notify abnormal events

Forward sensor data with multi-hop

S-wire sheet

Watching application

Soar, wind power

Battery powerWireless ＬＡＮ

Multi-hop unit


3. For the future


Sensor System Convergence

Find by word of mouth, reputations

Correlation Analysis

Analysis Value-Added Processing (Semantic Interpretation)

Complaints about the shortage of goods increase

Structure EquationModeling

Buying process

Reputations

Sales cost

Words Analysis

Simulation/Optimization

Management

Semantic Structure

taskSales Cost

Scheduling Service Interaction

CustomizeIT System/IT System/User-centricUser-centric

・・・

09:00 inventory check 10:00 Time Discounting12:00 Change a backup member 14:00 inventory check

Service Area Deployment

StoreManage Sales

StorePromotion Planning

StoreStock Planning

BehaviorAnalysis

PromotionPlan

Work StructureManuals

20% OFF!!

20% OFF!!

Inside of the store

POS Registers OperationRecorder

Blog

Hard SensorHard Sensor

Soft SensorSoft Sensor

CGM SensorCGM Sensor

Image Recognition

○○/ が / 、 / 品不足 / で /買え / なか / った / ！

Purchase Pattern Extraction

Information Processing

Language Processing Morphological Analysis (Japanese)

￥

Event Extraction

Preprocessing

Sales Log12:13 Onion Buy312:13 Pork 　 1Pack12:24 Milk 　 2Pack…

Network

Time Discounting(e.g. bargain goods )

Action PatternExtraction

Motion VectorExtraction

Replenish stocks /Inventory check etc..

Commodity price

Sensors


Conclusion

Combine the technology + Create new technology

Make new common sense/literature Like GUI of Personal Computer

Interface standard for integration Sensor data transfer – Event message, … Middleware …

Status of RFID related technology: Entrance of next stage