sentence structure sentence types. sentence structure learning target: tswbat know how to define...
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Sentence Structure
Sentence Types
Sentence Structure
Learning Target:
TSWBAT know how to define simple, compound, and complex sentences and use them consciously.
Sentence Types
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
Basic Elementsof
Every Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE
Basic Elements
Mary plays tennis.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Mary plays tennis.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
one subject one predicate
Simple Sentence
play tennis.Tom and Mary
Compound Subject
&
Simple Sentence
play tennis and swim.Tom and Mary
Compound Subject Compound Predicate
& &
SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject
Tom and Mary play tennis.
SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject
andcompound predicate
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
Hi,I’m Punctuation Pete!
SIMPLE SENTENCEwith compound subject
andcompound predicate
No comma before “and” in compound
subjects and predicates!
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.
Compound Sentence withCoordinating Conjunctions
SUBJECT PREDICATE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
and
Compound Sentence
Tom swims,
Mary plays tennis.
and
COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Comma before “and” in compound
sentences!
Semicolons
• “If the relation between the ideas expressed in the main clauses is very close and obvious without a conjunction, you can separate the clauses with a semicolon” (Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).
COMPOUND SENTENCE:SEMICOLON
Matt has benefited from his exercise program; he is fit and energetic.
Complex Sentence
SUBJECT PREDICATE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
even though
Complex Sentence
Bob is popular
he is quiet.
even though
COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
EVEN THOUGH
WHEN
BECAUSE
UNLESS
WHEREAS
ADVERB CLAUSES
COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Bob is popular even though he is bold.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Dependent
COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Even though Bob is loud, he is popular.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Dependent Independent
COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
When the MAIN clause is first, it is usually NOT
followed by a comma!
Bob is popular even though he is loud.
COMPLEX SENTENCE:SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
When the ADVERB clause is first, it is followed by a comma!
Even though Bob is shy, he is popular.
PunctuationReview!
No commas before “and” in compound subjects and predicates!
My friends and I play tennis and go bowling every weekend.
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Comma before coordinating conjunction!
Men may exercise harder, but they may not exercise as regularly as women do.
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
Coordinating Conjunction
When the adverb clause is first, it is followed by a comma!
When people had to hunt for food, they had continuous moderate exercise.
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
Adverb Clauses--Subordinating Conjunction
References
Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley, Longman, 1999.
The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.