seperating mixtures

8/14/2019 Seperating Mixtures

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Seperating MixturesAll Rights Reserved. Jeiannueva and J Community are trademarks of jeiannueva


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PHYSICAL METHODS

Mixtures can be separated into their constituents byusingphysical methods(i.e. no chemical reaction involved. !eparationtechni"ues are physical methods. #hich techni"ue touse depends on the different properties of theconstituents$ %hat is& different states&solubility& boiling

and melting points. 'elo lists some of the most commonseparation techni"ues)

*xample) +. *vaporaton ,!alt !olution


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EVAPORATION

%his method is suitable to separate a soluble solid froma li"uid. -f thesolution is heated& the li"uid evaporatesleaving the solid behind called the resedue.

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DECANTATION

is a process for the separation of mit!res" #$ remo%in& a

top 'a$er of 'i(!i) from *hich a precipitate has sett'e)+

,s!a''$ a sma'' amo!nt of so'!tion m!st #e 'eft in the

container" an) care m!st #e ta-en to pre%ent a sma''

amo!nt of precipitate from f'o*in& *ith the so'!tion o!t of

the container+ It is fre(!ent'$ !se) to p!rif$ a 'i(!i) #$

separatin& it from a s!spension of inso'!#'epartic'es .e+&+

in re) *ine" *here the *ine is )ecante) from the

potassi!m #itartratecr$sta's/+ 0or eamp'e" to o#tain asamp'e of c'ear *ater from m!))$ *ater" m!))$ *ater is

'eft in a container !nti' the m!) sett'es" an) then the c'ear

*ater is po!re) into another container+
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_mixturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insolublehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_bitartratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_bitartratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insolublehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_mixture


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MAN,AL SEPERATION

App'ica#'e if $o! can pic- o!t the mit!re+

Eamp'e" Yo! can seperate the each

component of 1nips2+


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0LOTATION AND SCOOPIN3

Metho) in *hich some so'i)s of s!spension mit!re are

a''o*e) to sett'e an) 'ess )ense materia' are scoope) off


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0ILTRATION

%o separate an insoluble solid from a li"uid. %he solidremains in thefilter paper and the li"uid goes throughthe paper into the beaker


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MA3NETIC SEPARATION

Ma&netic separation .MS/ is a tra)itiona' techno'o&$ for

#eneficiation" tramp iron remo%a' an) non4ferro!s meta'

reco%er$+ Minera's in)!str$" rec$c'in&" en%ironmenta'

en&ineerin&" foo) in)!str$" #iome)ica' an) chemica'

in)!stries are on'$ some samp'es from h!&e 'ist of MSapp'ications+ MS is the most simp'e" con%enient an) effecti%e

*a$ of han)'in& ferroma&netic an) e'ectrica''$ con)!cti%e

materia's of an$ t$pe an) si5e+

In the past $ears ne* hi&h ener&$ permanent ma&nets" hi&htemperat!re s!percon)!cti%e s$stems" ne* ma&netic

materia's .s!ch as for eamp'e ma&netic 'i(!i)s/ an) ne*

ma&netic circ!its )esi&n metho)s 'ea) to si&nificant

impro%ements of MS efficienc$ an) possi#i'ities+


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Mechanica' Seperation

Mixtures can be separated into their constituents byusingMechanical Seperation

(i.e. #ith the help of technology. !eparationtechni"ues are Machanical !eperation. #hich techni"ueto use depends on the different properties of theconstituents$ 'elo lists some of the most common

separation techni"ues) *xample) +. istillation / #ater and !alt

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DISTILLATION

Distillation, to separate and collect a li"uid from a solution of asoluble solid. %he solution is heated in a flask until theli"uid boils. %he vapor produced passes into thecondenser here it is cooled and condenses to a li"uid.%he pure li"uid (distillate is collected in a beaker.


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0RACTIONAL DISTILLATION

%his is a special type of distillation used to separateamixture of li"uids. ifferent li"uids boil at differenttemperatures. #hen heated&they boil off and condenseat different times. %he apparatus featuresafractionating column& hich ensures that only the li"uidboils at its boiling point illpass into the condenser.


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CHROMATO3ROPHY

-s the most complicated method.%o separate different coloured dyes. %he dyes travel up

the chromatography paper at different distancesbefore they cannot remain in solution.%he more solubledyes move further up than the less soluble ones& henceseparating from each other


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S,6LIMATION

Sublimationis the transition of a s!#stance )irect'$ from

the so'i)to the &asphase *itho!t passin& thro!&h an

interme)iate 'i(!i)phase+ S!#'imation is an en)othermic

phase transitionthat occ!rs at temperat!res an) press!res

#e'o* a s!#stance7s trip'e pointin its phase )ia&ram+ There%erse process of s!#'imation is )es!#'imation" or

)eposition+
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothermichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)#Phase_diagramshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(phase_transition)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(phase_transition)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)#Phase_diagramshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_pointhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endothermichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid

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