september 20, 2012
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Utilizing Statistics about Governments Governments Division Economic Programs Directorate U.S. Census Bureau Presented at the Pennsylvania State Data Center Annual Conference . September 20, 2012. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Utilizing Statistics about Governments Governments DivisionEconomic Programs DirectorateU.S. Census Bureau
Presented at the Pennsylvania State Data Center Annual Conference
September 20, 2012
Disclaimer: This report is released to inform interested parties of research and to encourage discussion of work in progress. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the U.S. Census Bureau.
Introduction
Main Purposes of Government Statistics
• Provide Economic Statistics about Governments• Act as a Public-sector Counterpart to Economic Data of Business, Industry,
and Services• Track Activity of Governments over Time
Response is Voluntary
Virtually no Confidentiality Restriction
Government Statistics Data
Provide Information on the Structure, Function, Finances, Taxation, Employment, and Retirement Systems Within our Nation's Approximately 89,000 State and Local Governments
Data are Publicly Available and Used by Other Federal Agencies, State and Local Legislators, Researchers, Businesses, and Individuals
Government Statistics Data
Quinquennial – Every 5 Years
• Census of Governments – Years Ending in ‘2’ and ‘7’ (Government Organization, Government Employment, Government Finance)
Annual
• Federal, State, and Local Government Employment• State and Local Government Finance• Individual Products on Taxes, Public Pensions, and School Finances
Quarterly
• State and Local Government Tax Revenues • Revenues, Benefits, and Financial Holdings of Public-Employment
Retirement Systems
History of the Census of Governments
1840
Decennial Census Collected Some Data on the Number and Types of Schools and Pupils 18
50
Information Collected in the Decennial Census Included tax Levies, Governmental Debt, and Wealth, and the Number and Types of Schools and Their Pupils
1880
Inquiries Included the Number of Schools , Details About Cities Including Sewage and Drainage, Utilities, and Public Services and 105 Additional Questions That Assessed Governments’ Financial Conditions
1902
First Comprehensive Compilation of Governmental Data by the new “Census Office” 19
50
Congress Enacted Legislation Which Provided That a “Census of Governments” be Taken Every 5 Years, for Years Ending in “2” and “7” (Title 13, Section 161, U.S. Code)
1957
First Census of Governments Focusing on Four Major Areas of Data Collection-Governmental Organization-Taxable Property Values-Employment-Finances
Governments as Producers
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Net Exports -3.8%
Personal Consumption
71.2%
Private Domestic Investment
12.3%
Government Expenditure
20.3%
Federal 39.9% of
govt (8.1% of GDP)
State & local 60.1% of
govt (12.2% of GDP)
Per
cent
age
Components of Gross Domestic ProductSource: BEA
Government Statistics in the News
Census of Governments
Government Organization
• Number of and Type • Characteristics of Local Governments by State and Type
Government Employment
• Number of Employees Part-Time and Full-Time• One Month Payroll
Government Finance
• Revenues• Expenditures• Debt• Cash and Securities
• Taxes• Pensions • Education
Finances
Milestones: 2012 Census of Governments
Organization• Initial Mail: October 2011 Preliminary Publication: August 2012
Employment• Initial Mail: March 2012 Preliminary Publication: December 2013
Finance• State and Local Finances
– Initial Mail: October 2012 Preliminary Publication: December 2014• Retirement
– Initial Mail: October 2012 Preliminary Publication: February 2014• Education Finances
– Initial Mail: January 2013 Preliminary Publication: June 2014
Definition of a Governmemnt
Existence as an Organized Entity
• Right of Perpetual Succession• Right to Make Contracts• Right to Sue and be Sued
Governmental Character
• Public Accountability• Power to Tax
Substantial Autonomy
• Fiscal Independence• Administrative Independence
• Reference Period: Status as of October 11, 2011• Survey of Local Governments in the United States• Legal Research
Data Collection
• Counts of Local Governments by State and by Type of Government – Released in August 2012
• Individual State Descriptions – Released in July 2013
Content and Products
Government Organization
89,054Government
Organizations
89,004Local
Governments
38,917General Purpose
Governments
3,031Counties
19,522Cities
16,364Townships
50,087 Special Purpose
Governments
37,203Special Districts
12,884Independent
School Districts
50 State
Governments
Types of GovernmentsMeasured and Defined(Preliminary Estimates)
Source: 2012 Census of Governments (preliminary estimates)
The Many Layers of American Government
Source: 2012 Census of Governments
Types of Governments in Pennsylvania
Source: 2012 Census of Governments (Preliminary Estimates)
• 2nd in the number of local governments (4,905)• 2nd in the number of towns and townships (1,546)• 3rd in the number of municipalities (1,015)• 10th in the number of independent school district governments (514)• 6th in the number of special districts (1,764)• Tied for 21st with FL and SD in the number of counties (66)
Government Employment
• Reference Period: Pay Period Including March 12• Standard Weekly Hours Worked for Full-Time Employees• Pay-Period Intervals for Full-Time and Part-Time• Full-Time and Part-Time Employees and Payroll by
Functional Activity• State Governments – Central (Single Point) Collection• Local Governments – Mail Canvass
Data Collection
• Census of Governments – Released in December 2013 • Annual Survey of Public Employment and Payroll –
Preliminary Release in August
Content and Products
United States Pennsylvania
• 727,733 S&L government employees
• Total payroll for March 2011 was $2.6 Billion
• 57.4% are employed in public education systems• 307,683 are in K-12• 105,232 are in Higher
Education
• 19,412,954 S&L government employees
• Total payroll for March 2011 was $70.4 Billion
• 57.2 % are employed in public education systems• 7,845,337 are in K-12• 3,164,669 are in Higher
Education
Annual Employment Statistics
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 Annual Survey of Public Employment and Payroll
Government Finance
• Measures Revenues, Expenditures, Indebtedness, Cash and Security Holdings, Taxes, and Pensions
• Does not Measure Programs or Funds• Compilation from Administrative Records• Data for Nearly 15,000 School Districts from State
Government Data Coordinators• Direct Collection• Joint Census Bureau-State Government Data Collection
(Central Collection) State Governments – Central (Single Point) Collection
• Local Governments – Mail Canvass and Internet Collection• Response Rates Vary by: Survey Component, Product,
State, and Type of Government
Data Collection
Government Finance
Reference Period: Fiscal Years Ending Between July 1, and June 30
The Number of Governments Whose Fiscal Year Ends in the Month of:
• Jan ……… 351• Feb ……… 1,662• Mar ……… 4,072• April ……... 2,595• May ……… 938• June …….. 33,809
• July ………. 547• Aug ………. 2,410• Sept ……… 6,267• Oct ……….. 418• Nov ………. 304• Dec ………. 36,153
Source: 2007 Census of Governments
Sources of Tax Revenue – Variety Among States
Percent Distribution of State Government Tax RevenueFiscal Year
2011
Total %
Sales and Gross ReceiptsLicense Taxes Income Taxes All Other Taxes
Sales TotalGeneral Sales
Selective Sales
License Taxes Total
Income Taxes Total
Individual Income
Corporation Income
All Other Taxes Total
Property Taxes
Other Taxes
U.S. Average 100 48.3 31.0 17.4 6.9 39.5 34.2 5.3 5.3 1.8 3.5
Alaska 100 4.6 x 4.6 2.5 13.0 x 13.0 79.8 3.3 76.5
Pennsylvania 100 51.9 27.7 24.2 8.0 36.5 30.4 6.1 3.7 0.2 3.5
Florida 100 83.4 59.4 24.0 6.6 5.7 5.7 4.3 >.01 4.3
California 100 38.7 26.6 12.1 7.0 51.5 43.3 8.2 2.8 2.8 .03
Delaware 100 16.3 16.3 38.9 42.6 31.9 10.7 2.2 x 2.2
Source: 2011 Annual Survey of State Government Tax Collections
www.census.gov/govs
Thank YouPaul ReyesOutreach and Education Branch
Brigitte WehrsChief, Outreach and Education Branch Governments Division
Governments DivisionU.S. Census [email protected]