september 8-12, 2014 inogate pipeline qra seminar title slide pipeline qra seminar
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SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
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Description
ALARP = As Low As Reasonably Practicable
The ALARP principle is that the residual risk shall be as
low as reasonably practicable
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
Intolerable
Tolerable if
ALARP
Broadly
acceptable
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
3
Description
ALARP = As Low As Reasonably Practicable
The ALARP principle is that the residual risk shall be as
low as reasonably practicable
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
Original risk
Risk reducing measure
(risk reduction)
Residual risk
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
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• Usually talking about:
- Tolerable (acceptable - green)
- Intolerable (unacceptable - red)
• And then…
- ALARP (control to ALARP/acceptable if ALARP - yellow)
• What is ALARP?
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
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• When is a risk tolerable (acceptable)?
• What is a risk intolerable (unacceptable)?
• How much risk reduction is possible?
• How safe is safe enough?
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
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• In the intolerable risk region the risk cannot be accepted
and it is thus necessary to reduce the risk and make it
tolerable through implementation of risk reducing
measures (RRMs) or re-design.
INTOLERABLE RISK
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
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• In the tolerable risk region (often referred to as the
ALARP region) attempts should be made to reduce risk.
Risk in this region can only be accepted if it can be
demonstrated that risk is ALARP, i.e. that all reasonably
practicable measures have been implemented to reduce
risk.
TOLERABLE IF ALARP
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
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• In the broadly acceptable region the risk is acceptable and no further
risk reduction is required. It should be noted that in some countries
there is no lower limit defining acceptable risk. Consequently, risks
below the intolerable limit shall be demonstrated to be ALARP.
• According to the ALARP principle risks that are in the tolerable region
must be reduced further if not disproportionally costly, compared to the
risk reduction. The ALARP principle is applicable both in relation to
qualitative risk acceptance criteria (e.g. a risk matrix) and quantitative
acceptance criteria (used e.g. in QRAs).
BROADLY ACCEPTABLE
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INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
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INTRODUCTION TO ALARP - WORKFLOW
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
ALARP SHEET
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
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INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
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Risk matrix
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
Probability/frequency
SevereSignificantModerate
MinorNegligible
Very unlikely
Unlikely Possible LikelyVery likely
Consequence
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
OPERATOR INTERFACE WITH DESIGNHAZID
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SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
• Origin from the U.K. where it is a legal requirement
• Different approaches through the world
• In Denmark offshore Health and Safety Cases need to present ALARP justification
• For a risk to be ALARP it must be possible to demonstrate that the cost involved in reducing the risk further would be
grossly disproportionate to the benefit gained. The ALARP principle arises from the fact that infinite time, effort and
money could be spent on the attempt of reducing a risk to zero.
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
• In the great majority of cases, we can achieve
ALARP by referring to existing ‘good practice’.
• For high hazards and complex situations, we build
on “good practice”, using more formal decision
making techniques, including cost-benefit analysis,
to present ALARP.
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
• In essence, making sure a risk has been reduced ALARP is about weighing the risk against the cost (or effort or time or
technical difficulties) needed to further reduce it. The decision is weighted in favour of health and safety because the
presumption is that the stakeholder should implement the risk reduction measure.
• The majority of risks we face are already at this ALARP level and we accept them relatively unconsciously. For most of us
in our everyday lives, the risk of being pick-pocketed is so low, that we don’t feel the need to carry cash in separate
pockets or hidden money belts. We similarly manage slightly higher risks, such as crossing the road, by routine
procedures that we were taught as children.
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
• In the end, two conflicting objectives need to be balanced: We have a desire to do everything physically possible to
remove all risks. The reality is that we have limited resources and that it is nearly always not practical (nor physically
possible) to remove all risk.
• The question is then: How much risk do we remove before we stop? How do we balance the two objectives?
• The level where we stop is defined by an acceptance criterion OR the ALARP principle!
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
END ALARP