September 9-10, 2014

Tissues part II

Most abundant tissue type!

Functions:ProtectionSupportBinding together

Connective Tissues

All connective tissues are made up of cells and extracellular matrix.

The extracellular matrix is secreted by the cells.

The extracellular matrix is composed ofGround substance (water, adhesion proteins

(‘glue’), polysaccharide molecules). The ground substance can be fluid or firm depending on how many polysaccharides there are.

Fibers – the types and amounts vary.Collagen – strongestElastic – stretchableReticular – netlike & supportive

Connective Tissues

Turn and talk …

How does the extracellular matrix help connective tissue due its jobs?

… 2 min

Connective Tissues

Bone (osseous tissue)Hardest connective tissue

Osteocytes (bone cells) found in lacunae

Functions: support, protection, movement

Contain collagen fibers calcium salts

Connective Tissues

Cartilage Softer & more flexible than bone

Chondrocytes (cartilage cells) found in lacunae

3 types of cartilage, each containing different proportions of the 3 fibers

Hyalin: ends of bonesFibrocartilage: vertebraeElastic: external ear

Connective Tissues

Forms tendons, ligaments, and layer beneath skin

Fibroblasts (fiber-forming cells) between collagen fibers

Dense Connective Tissue

Where have you seen this before?

Forms tendons, ligaments, and layer beneath skin

Fibroblasts (fiber-forming cells) between collagen fibers

Dense Connective Tissue

Beneath stratified squamous!

Dense irregular – dermis (below skin) submucosa of digestive tract

Dense regular – tendons, ligaments

I won’t ask you to identify this type on the practical

Areolar Tissue (areola = small open space)Most common connective tissue!

Cushions, packages, and holds organs in place

Consists of fibers and cells (fibroblasts and immune cells) scattered loosely in a fluid containing water, nutrients, salts and waste

Loose Connective Tissues

This is one of the tissues that swells most when damaged.

Swelling = edema

Adipose Tissue (fat!)Very little matrix, mostly adipocytes

Each cell filled with oil

Functions: fuel reserve, insulation, cushion organs

Loose Connective Tissues

What do you call stored nutrients (like fat) within a cell?

Adipose Tissue (fat!)Very little matrix, mostly adipocytes

Each cell filled with oil

Functions: fuel reserve, insulation, cushion organs

Loose Connective Tissues

What do you call stored nutrients (like fat) within a cell?

inclusions

Adipose Tissue (fat!)Very little matrix, mostly adipocytes

Each cell filled with oil

Funcitons: fuel reserve, insulation, cushion organs

Loose Connective Tissues

Just for fun …

What is a healthy % body fat?

Adipose Tissue (fat!)Very little matrix, mostly adipocytes

Each cell filled with oil

Functions: fuel reserve, insulation, cushion organs

Loose Connective Tissues

Just for fun …

What is a healthy % body fat?

Adult women: 21%-33%Adult men: 8% - 19%

Adipose Tissue (fat!)Very little matrix, mostly adipocytes

Each cell filled with oil

Functions: fuel reserve, insulation, cushion organs

Loose Connective Tissues

What happens to your fat cells when you lose weight?

Adipose Tissue (fat!)Very little matrix, mostly adipocytes

Each cell filled with oil

Functions: fuel reserve, insulation, cushion organs

Loose Connective Tissues

What happens to your fat cells when you lose weight?

They shrink, but never go away.

This is one reason why it is so easy to regain weight that you have lost.

• Consists of cells within a matrix – plasma.

• Like other connective tissues, blood does have fibers, but these are only involved in clotting.

• Function: transport nutrients, waste, heat throughout the body

Blood

We will cover in much more detail later!

1) What characteristics do all connective tissues have, and how does this help them do their functions?

2) Notice any patterns in the naming of cells?3) Rank the connective tissues in terms of

rigidity.

Work with a partner. 5 min. Be prepared to share with class.

Connective Tissue Review

Function: Contraction for movement

Special Features:1. Possess myofilaments (actin & myosin)

which slide past each other to contract the cell

2. Well vascularized (many blood vessels) to supply energy and oxygen

Muscular Tissue

Skeletal muscle Voluntary muscles of the bodySkeletal b/c attached to bones (mostly)Long, cylindrical, striated (banded) cells with

multiple nuclei Skeletal muscle cells are called muscle fibers

Muscular Tissue

Skeletal muscle Voluntary muscles of the bodySkeletal b/c attached to bones (mostly)Long, cylindrical, striated (banded) cells with

multiple nuclei Skeletal muscle cells are called muscle fibers

Muscular Tissue

Structure & Function –Long, parallel cells – allow contraction in one direction to pull a bone.

Cardiac muscle Found in heartStriated, but branching (have to squeeze)Contain intercalated discs – allow for rapid spread of electrical impulse for coordinated contraction

Muscular Tissue

Smooth muscle Found in walls of hollow organs (digestive,

bladder, uterus, blood vessels)Slowly squeezes and relaxes (in all directions)

to propel substances throughMotion called peristalsis

Muscular Tissue

Smooth muscle Found in walls of hollow organs (digestive,

bladder, uterus, blood vessels)Slowly squeezes and relaxes (in all directions)

to propel substances throughMotion called peristalsis

Muscular Tissue

Structure & Function – notice that it is less organized than the others – because squeezing occurs in all directions

Function: to convey electrochemical impulses from one structure to another

Consists of neurons and support cells (that insulate, support and protect neurons)

Neurons have long processes to carry impulse to distant areas.

Nervous Tissue

Show the correct answer with your fingers

1. Dense connective2. Areolar3. Smooth muscle4. Cartilage5. Adipose

Quick Review – Identify tissue type

Show the correct answer with your fingers

1. Dense connective2. Areolar3. Smooth muscle4. Cartilage5. Adipose

Quick Review – Identify tissue type

Show the correct answer with your fingers

1. Dense connective2. Areolar3. Smooth muscle4. Cartilage5. Adipose

Quick Review – Identify tissue type

Show the correct answer with your fingers

1. Dense connective2. Areolar3. Smooth muscle4. Cartilage5. Adipose

Quick Review – Identify tissue type

Dense connective has much less nuclei (much less cells / more fibers) than smooth muscle

Show the correct answer with your fingers

1. Blood2. Bone3. Nervous4. Cartilage5. Adipose

Quick Review – Identify tissue type

Show the correct answer with your fingers

1. Blood2. Bone3. Nervous4. Cartilage5. Adipose

Quick Review – Identify tissue type

Matrix is smooth & so dense you can’t see fibers. Chondrocytes in lacunae.

Show the correct answer with your fingers

1. Blood2. Bone3. Nervous4. Cartilage5. Adipose

Quick Review – Identify tissue type

Show the correct answer with your fingers

1. Blood2. Bone3. Nervous4. Cartilage5. Adipose

Quick Review – Identify tissue type

Looks like empty circles – actually cells filled with fat

Show the correct answer with your fingers

1. Smooth muscle2. Cardiac muscle3. Skeletal muscle4. Nervous5. Bone

Quick Review – Identify tissue type

Show the correct answer with your fingers

1. Smooth muscle2. Cardiac muscle3. Skeletal muscle4. Nervous5. Bone

Quick Review – Identify tissue type

Long, branching cells and intercalated discs

Show the correct answer with your fingers

1. Smooth muscle2. Nervous3. Skeletal muscle4. Blood5. Bone

Quick Review – Identify tissue type

Show the correct answer with your fingers

1. Smooth muscle2. Nervous3. Skeletal muscle4. Blood5. Bone

Quick Review – Identify tissue type

Notice the long processes and supporting cells.

Examine the following slides. Compare to the pictures in your notes – make sure you see the correct structures!Nervous tissueBone Hyaline cartilageDense connective (under stratified squamous)

Work on Review Sheets – due next class

Test next class!! Practical Wed!! Presentations Friday!!

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