serious youth violence presentation
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Serious Youth Violence Presentation. John Anthony Strategic Lead Youth Offending Service. Serious Youth Violence: trends. Long term trend is of an overall decrease in SYV over a 3 year period by a small amount Knife crime 3 year trend is stable – same levels over 3 years - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Serious Youth Violence Presentation
John Anthony
Strategic Lead
Youth Offending Service
Serious Youth Violence: trends
Long term trend is of an overall decrease in SYV over a 3 year period by a small amount Knife crime 3 year trend is stable – same levels over 3 years Some seasonal variation – such as peaks in early summer and dips in August and December
Serious Youth Violence – crime reports
Map shows hotspots of crime across the borough
Hotspots around Stockwell, Brixton, Loughborough Junction, Streatham High road
NO link between schools & violence – SYV tends to happen outside of schools some distance away
HOWEVER, clear link between transport hubs and SYV. Each hotspot area is a major transport hub for the borough
Serious Youth Violence – health data
Map shows ambulance call-outs for assault for those 19 and under
Similar hotspots to reported crime – transport hubs e.g. tube stations, rail stations and bus routes
BUT some differences – ambulances are called out to other areas where reported youth violence is much lower, such as estates
Highlights the need & involvement of public health in the long-term solution
Serious Youth Violence – suspects
Majority of suspects are aged 16 to 19
For gender, men outnumber women more than 10 to 1
67% of suspects are black, with “unknown” as the next largest category, followed by 11% white
Key point – 99% of young people are not involved in crime at all
SYV – who are the victims? Majority of reported crime victims are
boys – 84%
A&E data shows a higher proportion of girls, with 35% of victims of assaults
Majority of victims are aged 16 to 19 for both police & hospital data
56% of reported victims are black, again disproportional to the population
Majority of victims are young, black boys, especially in the more serious SYV cases such as knife crime
Lambeth gangs
OTREY
ABM
NOTRE DAME
NEW PARK GUNNERS
RSG
GAS/SIRU
TN1
T.DOT.BLOCK
SQUEEZE SECTION
Nine main gangs in Lambeth Main areas for gang activity continue to be across central part of Lambeth These include Coldharbour, Stockwell, Vassall Historical gang tensions and confrontations Gang alignment
Lambeth gangsSERIOUS YOUTH VIOLENCE Year on year performance = 43.3% decrease (Sept -2012)
GUN CRIME Year on year performance = 44% decrease (PIB - 04/10/2012) 5th largest decrease in gun crime offences compared to other boroughs in the Met.
Police and CS Interventions Operation Allegra – multi-agency referral, intel sharing and action Operation Fresco – compliments Allegra with tactical police enforcement Safe and Secure – emergency housing move for those at highest risk levels Gang Mediation Referrals - using London wide gang mediation experts Community Safe Messaging – regular communication to neighborhoods & communities Street a week – targeted, focused work in neighbourhoods
Scale of the Problem
Permeates large sections of youth in Lambeth
Permeation can be by association, affected by or indirect horizon limiting
Permeation of gang activity is across race, gender and potentially impacts on a range of services
Impact on Service Provision Challenges exist around the geographical provision
of services Collective delivery of services is difficult Evidence base around interventions is still
embryonic Need for co-produced relevant services also
presents a challenge The focus in Lambeth increasingly has been around
Evidence Based Practice and innovative solutions to gang related serious youth violence
E.B.P. and aligned Services Commissioning based on E.B.P. in relation to
promoting positive outcomes for young people Information and intelligence led targeted services
require wider partnership input especially schools and Adult Services
Gang Matrix is a useful starting point Parenting/ Troubled Families and Adult Criminal
Justice Services could benefit from greater alignment
Challenge is how do we deliver integrated Serious Youth Violence support and challenge
E.B.P. and aligned Services continued
How do we articulate a different CAMHS provision so that it reduces propensity for violence?
What role can the MATs and Social Care play in delivering bespoke case work conversations?
How do we align Early Years work with a violence reduction strategy?
How do we engage schools?
Gang Reduction Multiple Pathways
Pathways focusing on Early Years Teenage transition points which highlights the
importance of schools Bespoke co-ordinated casework conversations
which cover step up and step down procedures Development of co produced evidence based
interventions Targeted enforcement and support legitimised by the
community Nuanced approaches which capture violence against
women and girls.
What is it really like for a young person
associated with gang activity?
FearfulDangerousPainfulTrappedRiskyRestrictive Unhealthy
AddictiveAcceptance
SupportCash
RebellionBuzz
How can good youth work provide a lasting alternative?
“If the young men aren't initiated into the village, they will burn
the village down just to feel its warmth."
THE DREAM…
To provide:each young person with tangible hope and tough love whilst delivering a spectrum of positive alternatives that will provide immediate impact with lasting, long term benefits..
HOW?
• Self worth• Commitment and consistency• Productive partnerships • Striving for change• Never, never give up
Public Health Approach to Violence
4th March
World Health Organisation report on violence and health, WHO
• the response of the health sector to violence is largely reactive and therapeutic…
• … public health places emphasis on preventing disease or injury from occurring or reoccurring rather than treating the health consequences..
• … violent behaviour and its consequences can be prevented
Four stages of a public health Four stages of a public health approach to violence, WHOapproach to violence, WHO
Understand the epidemiologyUnderstand the epidemiology Understand the risk factors – can they be Understand the risk factors – can they be
modified through interventionsmodified through interventions Find out what works to prevent violenceFind out what works to prevent violence Implement effective and promising interventions Implement effective and promising interventions
in a wide range of settingsin a wide range of settings
What causes youth What causes youth violence ?violence ?
Balance of risk and protective Balance of risk and protective factorsfactors
Risk factors are:Risk factors are:
•InterdependentInterdependent
•CumulativeCumulative
Early Life Experience and The Brain• Hypothalamic – Pituitary
Adrenal Axis (Cortisol) Overly developed life preserving parts of the brain
hair trigger alarm system• Neutral cues become threats
What are you looking at?• School – State of non-
receptive heightened anxiety
Poor learner, disengaged
Short Term Actions:Enforcement – knife arches, stop and searchInjury surveillance – A&E data sharing
Medium Term Actions:Identification and signposting
Long Term Actions:Parenting strategy – Family Nurse Partnership, Bullying Prevention Programme, Promoting Alternative Thinking.. Anti poverty, Education, Regeneration
Short, medium and long term interventions
RECORDING OF VIOLENCE BY THE POLICE AND IN HOSPITAL EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS
• Only 25-50% of violence which leads to hospital treatment is known to the police
• Non reporting reflecting fear of reprisals, inability of injured people to identify assailant(s), unwillingness to have own conduct scrutinised and need for emergency treatment
• Non recording of reported incidents
Cardiff Model: Sharing of ED data with Police
Step One: 24 hour electronic data collection (precise violence location, time and weapon) by ED reception
staff when patients first attendStep Two: Monthly anonymisation and data sharing by hospital
IT staff with crime analystStep Three: Monthly combination of police and ED data by analystStep Four: Summary of violence times, locations and weapons
– for police deployment and license regulationStep Five: Continuous implementation and updating of
prevention action plan
The Model works by facilitating earlier and more frequent police intervention through the use of information from EDs – and keeps people out of hospital and out of prison
• ED information identified a source of blunt weapons – a construction site next to a night club with skips containing bricks, concrete blocks and pieces of wood. Skips were removed
• ED information identified street violence hotspot where local authority had switched off street lights. Switched back on.
• ED information identified several violence hotspot pubs/night clubs. Alcohol licence conditions imposed and some licences revoked.
& Interventions
Epidemiology: national level • Violence in general population: 35,000 emergency hospital admissions and
over 300,000 ED attendances in England each year.
• Child maltreatment: NSPCC estimates that I million secondary school students in UK have suffered maltreatment at some point in their lives
• Youth violence: in 2010/2011 there were 13,000 emergency hospital admissions for assault among 13-24 yr olds. One in seven involved a knife or sharp object.
• Intimate partner violence: almost 900,000 women and 600,000 men in England and Wales are estimated to have suffered abuse at the hands of an intimate partner in the past year
• Sexual violence: 400,000 women and 80,000men in England and well are estimated to haver suffered a completed or attempted sexual assault in the past year
• Elder abuse: one in forty older patients seen by the average GP or family physician will be suffering form abuse or neglect
• Violence against staff: 8% of NHS Staff report experience of physical violence from patients, their relatives or member so of public in past 12mths
Adolescent mortality vs early years
Males years of life lost
Epidemiology: Local levelYouth violence
Oasis& Redthread
• Youth work intervention at Accident and Emergency Department at St. Thomas’ hospital to contribute to reducing harm to young people from violence’
• 585 young people entering ED department 70% (409) from Lambeth and Southwark. 70% were male (average age 15) 30% female
• • 66% of injuries were incurred from fighting or being assaulted (not during a fight).
• For where there was information: – (213) 17% attack recorded as gang related– (109) 46% use of alcohol/drugs in the fight/assault
• Of the 585 young people 19% (109) had data about CAHMS involvement. Of these 40% had current or previous involvement: 3% were undergoing referral to CAHMS.
Category of Death Total, n (%) Number modifiable
Neonatal 45 (42.8%) 9 (20%)
Sudden Unexpected
Death in Infancy (SUDI)
16 (15.2%) 6 (37.5%)
Unexpected deaths 22 (20.9%) 12 (54.5%)
Expected Deaths 19 (18.1%) 1 (5.3%)
No information available 3 (2.9%) -
Total 105 28 (26.6%)
Child Death Overview Process2008-2011
Unexpected deaths 50% due to unnatural causes e.g. RTA, fires, homicide, working with gangs and knife crime, housing issues, early warning systems and escalation policies in hospitals
VAWG
• Gaia Centre: Jan 2012-13: 1409 female referrals for domestic violence over 50% aged 20-40 years of age.
• 38 young women aged between 13-17 yrs of age • 60 men referred to Gaia• IRIS Project in GP practices: 81 female referrals to the
IDVA • FNP Clinical Audit on Prevalence of vulnerability factors
164 young women in Lambeth & Southwark over 40% of clients had experienced domestic violence as a child, a past abusive relationship and a difficult relationship with own mother.
Health Service work in Lambeth and Southwark re: youth violence
• A& E data Sharing: Kings and GSTT with Lambeth and Southwark CRDP’s since 2010
• Potential to inform local interventions• Youth Liaison worker in GSTT. Redthread youth Youth Liaison worker in GSTT. Redthread youth
worker in Kings worker in Kings
Oasis Youth Support Service Pathway
Prevention • Lambeth Health and Well-being Partnership: Ongoing work to support
schools deliver PSHE through Health and Wellbeing Programme offered to all primary and secondary schools and special schools and targeted youth projects: includes SRE, Substance misuse, EHWB and drama based work tackling intimate partner violence, promotion of healthy non violent relationships.
• VAWG strategy: Annual training programme on VAWG (324 people trained). Gaia Centre work with young women, Awareness campaigns
• Barnardos work with boys and young men: self esteem, masculinity, relationships
• National CPD programme for teachers and school nurses on PSHE focus on sex and relationship education
• Teens and Toddlers Programme in 5 schools 100 graduates
• Learning to Lead co-production work with young people in 5 schools
Young Parents
• Universal Health Visiting Service: increased numbers • Universal and Targeted Parenting Programmes • St Michaels Fellowship: One to one support work with
mothers and fathers to be and young parents• Group Work in Children Centre focusing on preparation
for parenthood, parenting, child health outcomes relationships domestic violence etc.
• 2010/2011 Over 200 young mothers & 100 young fathers• Family Nurse Partnership: one to one programme
working with first time parents aged 19 and under from the antenatal period until the child’s second birthday. The programme is evidenced based and one of only two programmes worldwide shown to prevent child abuse.(Olds et al 2004)
Next Steps • Recognise importance of the life course • Evidence argues for a public health approach • Need to map what we are doing across life
course and public health evidence • Identify gaps • Commit to the development of a sustained long
term co-ordinated programme to reduce violence: not projects
• Welcome and encouraged that Lambeth is adopting the public health approach.
Thresholds for Social Care Intervention
Lambeth Gangs LSCB Conference 4th March 2013
Andrew Wyatt – Assistant Director CYPS
The data (1)
• Housing data Jan – Sept 2012
• Total presentations of homeless young people 217
• 71 returned home
• 65 to Supported Housing
• 12 to Temp Accommodation
• 14 referrals to Specialist Division
The data (2)• Accommodation by Specialist Division of 37
young people aged 16-17 Jan – Sept 2012• Remands from court – 2• Asylum seekers – 7 (Albanian young people)• Behaviour/MH concerns – 13• Homeless and vulnerable – 5• Safeguarding concerns – 10• The final quarter of 2012 saw a further 20 young
people accommodated – a significant increase
New developments• Work with young people is about risk-reduction,
not elimination of risk• Welfare Reforms work likely to increase
numbers of young people being accommodated• LASPO arrangements will definitely increase
numbers of young people looked after• Because of these developments, budget
pressures for Specialist Division will increase• The early intervention agenda needs to be
driven hard to prevent these numbers increasing
The Social Care Threshold• Thresholds for statutory intervention are agreed across
London• http://www.londonscb.gov.uk/resources_for_lscbshttp://www.londonscb.gov.uk/resources_for_lscbs• CAF referral needs to evidence previous preventative
work• There needs to be a strong safeguarding element to
referrals – child protection/risk reduction• Increasing challenge for Social Care to work with
challenging young people in a safeguarding context • Even when young people are looked after, there may be
risks that need to be managed