service oriented architecture:
TRANSCRIPT
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Service Oriented Architecture:UW’s Migration
Strategy a.k.a.
What is it and how do we get one?
Jim Phelps
Sr. I.T. Architect, DoIT, [email protected] http://arch.doit.wisc.edu/jim
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What I’ll Cover
• Data vs. Service• Three Tiers (slides included FREE!)
• Migration Strategy• Sticky Bits• Roadmap• Next Steps (2 years)• Summary
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Integration is..•Complex: When systems change, interfaces need
to be rebuilt
•Brittle: When interfaces fail, people are unhappy (and often blame the wrong people)
•Expensive: Garther - “up to 50% of large enterprise’s IT budget is spent on interfaces and integration”(1)
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A Simple Use CaseeReserves:
• Library has books on reserve for a course.
• The Library checks those books out only to students in the course.
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Data vs. Service
SISCourse
Roster
Library
Course
Roster
Data
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Data vs. Service
Service
SISIsEnrolled Servic
e
Library
Yes/No
StudentID, CourseID
SISCourse
Roster
Library
Course
Roster
Data
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Reusability
Service
SISIsEnrolled Servic
e
LibraryYes/
No
StudentID, CourseID
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Service
SISIsEnrolled Servic
e
LibraryYes/
No
StudentID, CourseID
Point of
Sales System
Reusability
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Service
SISIsEnrolled Servic
e
LibraryYes/
No
StudentID, CourseID
Point of
Sales System
Portal
StudentID
CourseID
Reusability
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Service
Replication of all data
Pull as needed
Opaque TransparentDisconnected ConnectedPoint-to-Point One-to-Many
ReusableBrittle Robust
Composite Apps
Data
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Data vs. Service
• Fundamental shift away from shipping data to providing services
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Data vs. Service
• Move to SOA to:– Reduce cost– Increase security– Reduce data duplication– Gain transparency– Reusability
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Migration Strategy - SOA
Process - business process analysis
Information - data definitions and standard schemas
Infrastructure - architecture and technical gaps
Vendors - helping handsOrganization - Change Management
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Migration Strategy - SOA
• Process - Business Process Analysis– Prioritization - Most Pain, Most Gain
– Define/Document Business Process– Look for optimization opportunities
– Use disruption to your advantage– Data needs (timeliness, availability, etc)
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Migration Strategy - SOA
• Information - Enterprise Data Definitions– Let the Business Process Analysis drive the data definition process
– Don’t build a complete dictionary– Start with the most needed definitions
– Build on existing standards
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Migration Strategy - SOA
• Infrastructure - Architecture and Technology– Gap analysis - what pieces are missing
– Do we have the right architecture in place?
– Business Process Analysis and Data needs drive the effort.
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Migration Strategy - SOA
• Vendor - Evaluation to fill the gaps– Business Process Analysis– Enterprise Data Identification– Data Definitions / Standards Development
– Service Design– Technology Gaps
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Migration Strategy - SOA
• Organization - Change Management– Culture shift from data to services
– Staff training and support– New Expertise
•Service Interface Designer (2)
•Service Library Manager (2)
– Integration Competency Centers(3)
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People of the ICC
•Project Manager•Services Architect•Interface Designers•Registry / Library manager
•Schema experts
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Migration Strategy - SOA
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Building the ICC• Critical Success Factor
• Centrally funded not a charge-back center
• Unifying practices
• Easier to enact and deploy standards
• Manage the interface library (WS Registry a.k.a. UDDI Registry)
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Organizational Change• New Skills and the ICC• Forces for Change• Misalignments– Funding models– Employee Evaluation
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Who is the force for change?
ServiceSIS
IsEnrolled Service
Library
Yes/No
StudentID,CourseID
Point of
Sales System
Portal
StudentID
CourseID1…
?
??
?
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Force 1: Architectural Purity
ServiceSIS
IsEnrolled Service
Library
Yes/No
StudentID,CourseID
Point of
Sales System
Portal
StudentID
CourseID1…
Statement: It is good for the Enterprise. Model: We will all cooperate for the good of the whole.Never works. People don’t act for the good of all when their project / budget / timeline / comfort is at risk.
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Force 2: Consumer
ServiceSIS
IsEnrolled Service
Library
Yes/No
StudentID,CourseID
Point of
Sales System
Portal
StudentID
CourseID1…
Statement: We want a Web service for …..Model: The first Consumer will drive the change.Rarely works. Need an alignment of good will between the Consumer(s) and Service Provider.
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Force 3: Service Provider
ServiceSIS
IsEnrolled Service
Library
Yes/No
StudentID,CourseID
Point of
Sales System
Portal
StudentID
CourseID1…
Statement: It is the new “supported” wayModel: The Service Provider will set the standardShould work. Especially if the Service Provider can eliminate other feeds and if they impose costs on new feeds.
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How would this workService Provider eliminates multiple flat-file feeds - replaces with single Web Service.
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How would this work
• Use Web Service–Agree to SLA–ICC establish Security and Policy
–Register use in the WS Registry
Service Provider eliminates multiple flat-file feeds - replaces with single Web Service.Consumer can:
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How would this work
• Use Web Service–Agree to SLA–ICC would establish Security and Policy
–Register use in the WS Registry
• Request a Flat File– Go through review
– Pay to build & maintain feed forever
– Pay for whole cost of feed
– Agree to policy re:use, security, privacy etc.
Service Provider eliminates multiple flat-file feeds - replaces with single Web Service.Consumer can:
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Force 3: Service Provider
ServiceSIS
IsEnrolled Service
Library
Yes/No
StudentID,CourseID
Point of
Sales System
Portal
StudentID
CourseID1…
Agree Or Pay
$$$
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Organizational Change
• New Skills and the ICC• Forces for Change• Misalignments– Funding models– Employee Evaluation
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Misalignment• How we fund projects
• How do we measure our employees
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Misalignment• How we fund projects– DATA - “please build an app for me”
– SERVICE - “we need these reusable services”
– Looks a lot like “Overhead”
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Misalignment• How we fund projects– DATA - “please build an app for me”– SERVICE - “we need these reusable services”
– Looks a lot like “Overhead”
• How do we measure our employees– DATA - “I built these apps for these customers”
– SERVICE - “I made these reusable services”
– Hard to measure “value”
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Organizational Change
• New Skills and the ICC• Forces for Change• Misalignments– Funding models– Employee Evaluation
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Other Sticky Bits
•Standards
•Policy & Security
•Governance
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Security/Policy Enforcement
Service
SIS
IsEnrolled Service
Library
Yes/No
StudentID, CourseID
• Two models– Embedded (written into the interfaces)– In-line (proxy)
InLine
Embedded
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Phylogeny and Standards
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Phylogeny and Standards
http://genetics.nbii.gov/systematics.html
WSDL SOAP XML
WS-Security
WS-Policy
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Security/Policy Enforcement
Service
SIS
IsEnrolled Service
Library
Yes/No
StudentID, CourseID
• Two models– Embedded (written into the interfaces)– In-line (proxy)
InLine
Embedded
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Governance - Complex and Difficult Mix
When you hear the words: Funding, Policy, Security and Architecture in the same talk, you know that Governance can’t be far behind.
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Governance - Complex and Difficult Mix
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Identity Management framework
Identity ManagementLeadership Group
Registrar & H.R. co-chairMembers include:Business LeadersTechnical Leaders
AuthenticationAuthorizationCoordinating
Team
AccessTo
Data
ID CardEvaluation
Technical Assessment and
Policy Recommendations
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SOA Management framework
SOALeadership Group
IntegrationCompetency
Center DRAFT
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Roadmap to SOA
UW System Highway
Business Application Highway
Campus Highway
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Roadmap to SOA - 1000’ view
UW System Highway
• Integration Competency Center (ICC)
• Registry
• Establish Governance
• Development Standards
• Common Tools
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Roadmap to SOA - 1000’ view
• Analysis of Interfaces
• Analysis of the Business Processes
• Reduce the number of Interfaces
• Apply standard data definitions (schemas)
• Migration to Services
Business Application Highway
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Campus Highway
Roadmap to SOA - 1000’ view
• ICC or ICC Partners
• Establishment of Governance
• Analysis of Business Processes
• Reduction of Interfaces
• Migration to Services
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Next 2 Years• Analysis of Interfaces
– Document the interface and business process
– Starting with “Course Roster”• Look to refactor interfaces• Reduce the number of interfaces• Use standards for data representation (IMS)
• Request Official University Transcripts Electronically (ROUTE)– Expose two interfaces as Web Services (Student Bio-Demo and Holds/Fines)
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Next 2 Years - D2L Interfaces
• Refactoring the Grading Interfaces– Opportunity to make changes– Use disruption - Look for opportunities
• Refactor the Course Roster interface– Already using standards for data representation (IMS)
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Building the ICC• Critical Success Factor
• Looking at building an ICC
• Report to a Deputy CIO
• Service Team model (includes members from groups working on Web Services)
– Middleware
– Applications Development
– Others
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Conclusion
• Why SOA/Web Services? –Reduce the cost of maintaining interfaces.
–Buffer systems from changes. –Protect data. Provide Security. –Transparency. –Enforcement of business rules (FERPA).•This means Security, Governance and Policy
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Conclusion• ICC is critical.
–Must be seen and helpful not an extra cost and burden to projects.
• Governance, Policy and Security are sticky issues
• We have opportunities in front of us right now (D2L, PS8.9, etc)
• The door has opened for SOA.
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References
1.Enterprise Application Integration, Revere Group Presentation - June 26, 2003
2.Service-Oriented Architecture, A Field Guide to Integrating XML and Web Services, Thomas Erl - Prentice Hall
3.Introduction to Integration Compentency Centers, Darwinmag.com - http://www.darwinmag.com/read/070104/integration.html
4.Enterprise Service Bus, David A. Chappell - O’Reilly
5.VantagePoint 2005-2006 SOA Reality Check, Anne Thomas Manes, Burton Group
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Thank you.
Questions?
SOA - UW’s Migration Strategy a.k.a. What is it and how do we get one?
Jim Phelps, Sr. I.T. Architect, DoIT, UW-Madison
EDUCAUSE MWRC06, March 2006
[email protected] http://arch.doit.wisc.edu/jim
Copyright Jim Phelps, 2006. This work is the intellectual property of the author. Permission is granted for this material to be shared for non-commercial, educational purposes, provided that this copyright statement appears on the reproduced materials and notice is given that the copying is by permission of the author. To disseminate otherwise or to republish requires written permission from the author.