sesion9
DESCRIPTION
sesion9, unidad3, nivel2TRANSCRIPT
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UNIT 3
Present Perfect Vs Simple Past
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PRESENT PERFECT
● En general, es una mezcla entre el presente y el pasado.
● Lo usamos para acciones en el pasado que tienen importancia en el presente, y necesitamos hablar de ellas.
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ESTRUCTURA +
+ have / has + Verb Past Participle + C
● She has learned a new lesson● They have built a house● I've bought a new appartment
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ESTRUCTURA -
+ have / has + not + Verb Past Participle + C
● Ana has not chosen this shoes● Peter and Luis have not come with me● Ana hasn't chosen this shoes● Peter and Luis haven't come with me● I have never flown in a plane
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ESTRUCTURA ?
Have / Has + + Verb P. Participle + C + ?
● Have they met the boss?● Has Tim paid the rent?● Has the cat spilt the milk?
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Para hablar del pasado reciente.
● I've broken my watch so I don't know what time it is.
● They have cancelled the meeting.● She's taken my copy. I don't have one.
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Es muy común el uso de palabras como: 'just', 'already' o 'yet' (in negatives and questions only).
● We've already talked about that.● She hasn't arrived yet.● I've just done it.● They've already met.
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También lo usamos para hablar del pasado un poco mas distante.
● We've been to Singapore a lot over the last few years.
● She's done this type of project many times before.● We've mentioned it to them on several occasions
over the last six months.
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Cuando lo usamos para hablar de un pasado mas distante usamos frecuentemente palabras como: 'ever' (in questions) y 'never'.
● Have you ever been to Argentina?● Has he ever talked to you about the problem?● I've never met Jim and Sally.
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SIMPLE PAST
● Para expresar una acción que inició en el pasado y terminó en el pasado.
● We saw a movie yesterday.● I didn't see a play yesterday.● Last year, I traveled to Japan.● Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.● Did you have dinner last night?
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Tambien se usa para hablar de un periodo de tiempo
● She lived in Tokyo for seven years.● They were in London from Monday to Thursday
of last week.
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Present Perfect Vs Simple Past
● Recuerda que el Inglés Británico y el Americano tienen diferentes reglas para el uso del presente perfecto.
● Los ejercicios y ejemplos se refieren a la gramática correcta del “British English”.
● En Inglés Americano es casi siempre considerado aceptable el uso del pasado simple en varios de estos ejemplos
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Present Perfect Vs Simple Past
● Simple Past: se usa para hablar acerca de acciones que sucedieron en el pasado y que ya han concluido. Se habla sobre entonces (then) y definitivamente excluye al ahora (now).
● Present Perfect: simplemente para hacer memoria sobre acciones pasadas en el presente. Siempre incluye el contexto ahora ('now').
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Estas oraciones están hubicadas en el pasado con ninguna conexión con el presente.
● I first got to know him 10 years ago.● I started work here in 1989.● I had too much to eat at lunchtime.
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Veamos las mismas situaciones pero desde el presente.
● I've known him for 10 years.● I've worked here since 1987.● My stomach hurts. I've eaten too much.
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Diferenciarlos
● Usamos “time expressions” como: 'yesterday', 'ago', 'last year', 'in 1999' con el pasado simple.
● We spoke to him yesterday.● He came in a few moments ago.● She joined the company in 1999.
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Nosotros usamos “time expressions” como 'ever', 'never', 'since' con el presente perfecto.
● I've never seen so many people here before.● Have you ever been more surprised?● I've done a lot since we last talked about it.
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Tipicamente las “time expressions” son usados con el presente perfecto en “British English” pero es muy usual el emplearlas con el pasado simple en “American English” son 'already', 'just', 'yet'.
● I haven't done it yet. (UK)● I didn't do it yet. (US)● I've just done it. (UK)
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Podemos usar la frase de tiempo 'for' con ambas formas, pero con diferente significado.
● I lived in Paris for a couple of years before I moved here.
● I've lived in Paris for a couple of years and still
love it.
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Describing people
How to describe someone in English
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● Height● Build● Hair
Appearances
● Eyes● Type of hair● Complexion
What does he / she look like?
Does he/ she wear _____ ?
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NOTA: Si un hombre es gordo (especialmente abultado en la zona de la cintura) es muy usual decir que tiene “a beer beelly” (estómago de bebedor)
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TYPE OF HAIR
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Modifiers with participles and prepositions
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Who is it?
● He's the man dancing in the living room.● She's the one wearing a dress.● She's the Japanese woman with dark hair.● He's the one in white pants.● She's the tall person next to the window.
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Modifiers with participles&prepositions
● Necesitamos el presente participio.
● El Presente participio es una forma verbal acabada en -ing que es más utilizada como adjetivo o como verbo, a diferencia del 'gerund' que se emplea como sustantivo.
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Modifiers with participles&prepositions
● Who's Raul?
A= He's the man wearing a green shirt.
● Which one is Raul?
A= He's the one talking to Liz.
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Modifiers with participles&prepositions
● Prepositions: una clase de palabra que sirve para unir o enlazar dos términos.
● Who is Liz?
A= She's the woman with short black hair.● Which one is Julia?
A= She's the tall woman in jeans.
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Modifiers with participles&prepositions
● Who are the Smiths?
A= They're the people nex to the window.
● Which ones are the Smiths?
A= They're the ones on the couch.
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Modal Verbs( Can & Should )
+ Can / can't + verb + Comp.
+ should / shouldn't + verb + Comp.
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Can
● Usamos 'can' para hablar acerca de 'possibility'.
● Can you do that?● I can't manage to do that.● You can leave your car in that parking space.● You cannot smoke in here.
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● Nota que hay dos formas negativas: 'can't' y 'cannot'; sin embargo ambas significan lo mismo.
Cuando hablamos usamos generalmente: 'can't'.
Usamos 'can' para hablar acerca de 'ability'.
● I can speak French.● I can't drive.
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● Usamos 'can' para pedir y conceder permiso. (También se usa 'may' pero este es mucho mas formal y menos común.)
● Can I speak to you or are you too busy?● You can use my phone.● You can't come in.
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Usamos 'can' en ofrecimientos, peticiones e instrucciones.
● Can I help?● Can you give me a hand?● When you finish that, you can take out the
garbage.
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Usamos 'can't' al realizar deducciones.
● You can't be hungry. You've just eaten.
● He was in London one hour ago when I spoke to him. He can't be here yet.
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SHOULD
● Mas comunmente usado para hacer recomendaciones o dar consejos. También son usados para expresar obligación, así como expectación.
● When you go to Berlin, you should visit the palaces in Potsdam. (recommendation)
● You should focus more on your family and less on work. (advice)
● I really should be in the office by 7:00 AM. (obligation)
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EXPECTATION