session 13 ic2011 mc connell
TRANSCRIPT
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WETTABILITY OF SOUTHERN PINE
SUBJECTED TO BARK BEETLE
FUNGAL ASSOCIATES
By
Eric McConnell, Nathan Little, Nate Irby,
John Riggins, and Sheldon Shi
Forest Products Society, Portland OR
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Primary Species of the Southern Pine Bark Beetle Guild
3 species of Ips
Black Turpentine Beetle (D. terebrans)
Southern Pine Beetle (D. frontalis)
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Southern Pine Beetle
(D. frontalis)
• Last Major Outbreak in
South ~10 years ago
• $1 billion in damages
• Environmental and social
impacts as well
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• Initially overcomes
oloeresin
• Inoculating a variety of
fungi
• O. minus most prolific
early
• Death occurs through
many factors
– Gallery and fungal
proliferation
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• Timely salvaging can
produce lumber
– LRF
– Grade
• Decay fungi and
termites soon after
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What About Composites?
• Kelly et al (1982)
utilized SPB-killed trees
in mixture with healthy
• MOR, IB, & SW
• 2 & 24 hour
TS & WA
• No proposed
explanation
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What About Composites?
• Adhesive must
adequately penetrate for
effective bonding
• Wicking occurs via
capillary forces
• Provides intimate
contact
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• Better understanding
resin-wood interface
may provide economic
uses for biologically
attacked timber
• MS overdue for an
outbreak
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Goals
• Determine DCA of
– Green and Kiln-dried SYP
– With and without blue
stain present
– Wilhelmy Plate
• Calculate surface energy
– Geometric mean
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Avg. Dynamic Contact Angles
Probe Liquid [Surface tension]
Water
[72.8 mJ/M2]
α-
Bromonapthalene
[44.4 mJ/M2]
Formamide
[58.0 mJ/M2]
Ethylene Glycol
[48.0 mJ/M2]
Wood Type Average contact angle (standard deviation)
Green SPB
blue-stain51.1 (2.6) 29.4 (3.5) 52.7 (1.5) 41.4 (1.6)
Kiln-dried
control45.4 (4.1) 9.4 (9.1) 45.1 (2.6) 42.0 (1.7)
Green
control47.0 (8.3) 16.1 (11.5) 42.8 (10.5) 39.3 (3.0)
Kiln-dried
blue-stain0.0 (0.0) 0.0 (0.0) 52.8 (0.3) 34.4 (4.6)
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Geometric Mean
d
L
p
Lp
S
d
Sd
L
L
5.0
*
*2
*)cos1( 5.05.0
5.0 )()(
xY 1
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Surface Energies
TreatmentDispersive
forces
Polar
forces
Total surface
energy
Green
SPB blue-stain28.42 17.92 46.34
Kiln-dried control 31.37 18.84 50.21
Green control 31.86 18.40 50.26
Kiln-dried blue-stain 25.03 34.46 59.49
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• Once beetle attack
occurs, various changes
take place
– Anatomical
– Morphological
– Chemical
– Physical
• All affect surface
energy
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• O. minus initially
confined to ray
parenchyma in sapwood
• Cause water-conducting
blockages through
internal wounding
• Resin formation results
to slow fungal spread
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• Subsequent penetration
of tracheids results in
movement across cells
via pit pairs
• Permeability
• “Stained” areas suffer
moisture loss
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• Increased permeability would allow for
increase liquid transport across the grain
• KD/BS wood would have had a greater degree
of fluid flow in 3 directions
• Chemicals from tree’s wound response may
have disrupted liquid movement in Gr/BS
wood
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• One possible mechanism
described for improving
board properties
• Future studies
– Other processes
– Various sized wood
elements
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Conclusions
• Little change in non-
stained wood following
drying
• KD/BS wood surface
energy higher than
others
– >15% over each wood
type
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Conclusions
• Wound response
possibly contributed to
lower surface energy in
Gr/BS wood
• BS wood from beetle-
killed trees may yield
properties for wood
composites
• Timely utilization is key
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Thank You
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