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more than teachers, made all of the same pattern, and thatthe teaching which he despises may be of the greatestservice to his fellow. We believe it to be a matter of very

secondary importance at which school a student enters, forat all he will find abundance of opportunity, provided onlyhe will seek it. It should be a daily thought with the stu-dent how he may best utilise the hours before him, and hewill be happy indeed who at night can look back upon theday well spent. We do not mean that the whole of everyday must necessarily be spent in study, nor are we coun-selling the sacrifice of health at the altar of knowledge ; butas idleness is the root of all evil, so we would impressthe necessity of diligence upon those who would hereafter

occupy honourable positions in an honourable profession.

SESSION 1869-70.

GENERAL COUNCIL OF MEDICAL EDUCATIONAND REGISTRATION.

RECOMMENDATIONS.

Preliminary Examination.THAT testimonials of proficiency granted by the following

educational bodies be accepted :-Oxford University: Examination for a degree in Arts;

Responsions ; Moderations; Local Examinations (senior),certificate to include Latin and Mathematics.

Cambridge University: Examination for a degree in Arts;Previous Examination ; Local Examinations (senior),certificate to include Latin and Mathematics.

Durham University: Examination for a degree in Arts;Examination for Students in their 2nd and 1st years;Registration Examination for Medical Students; LocalExaminations (senior), certificate to include Latin andMathematics.

London University: Examination for a degree in Arts ;Matriculation Examination.

Universities of Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow, and St.Andrews: Examination for a degree in Arts ; Prelimi-nary Examination for graduation in Medicine or Surgery.

:Edinburgh University: Examination of (senior) Candidatesfor Honorary Certificates under the Local Examinationsof the University of Edinburgh.

Dublin University: Examination for a degree in Arts; En-trance Examination.

Queen’s University, Ireland: Examination for a degree inArts; Entrance Examination; Examination for the di-ploma of Licentiate in Arts; Previous Examination for"B.A. degree.- ----

__..__...

Royal College of Surgeons of England: Examination con-ducted, under the superintendence of the College of Sur-geons, by the Board of Examiners of the Royal Collegeof Preceptors.

Society of Apothecaries of London: Examination in Arts.Royal College of Physicians, and Royal College of Surgeons,

Edinburgh : Preliminary Examination in General Edu-cation.

Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow : Prelimi-nary Examination in General Literature.

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland: Preliminary Exami-nation, certificate to include Mathematics.

Apothecaries’ Hall of Ireland: Preliminary Examination inGeneral Education.

Royal College of Preceptors: Examination for a First-classCertificate.

Universities of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay: EntranceExamination, certificate to include Latin.

M’Gill College, Montreal: Matriculation Examination.University of Toronto; King’s College, Toronto; Queen’s

College, Kingston; and Victoria College, Upper Canada:Matriculation Examination.

King’s College, Nova Scotia: Matriculation Examination jResponsions.

University of Fredericton, New Brunswick: MatriculationExamination.

-University of Melbourne: Matriculation Examination, cer-tificate to include all the subjects required by the GeneralMedical Council.

University of Sydney: Matriculation Examination.Codrington College, Barbadoes: 1. English Certificate for-

Students of two years’ standing, specifying the subjectsof examination. 2. Latin Certificate, or " Testamur."

Tasmanian Council of Education : Examination for the de--gree of Associate of Arts, certificate to include Latin andMathematics.

Christ’s College, Canterbury, New Zealand: Voluntary Ex-aminations, certificate to include all the subjects requiredby the General Medical Council.That the licensing bodies do not accept the certificate of

proficiency in General (preliminary) Education, unless suchcertificate testify that the student to whom it has beengranted has been examined in English Language (includingGrammar and Composition);* Arithmetic (including Vulgarand Decimal Fractions) ; Algebra (including Simple Equa-tions) ; Geometry (first two books of Euclid) ; Latin (includ-ing Translation and Grammar). And in one of the following-optional subjects : Greek; French; German; Natural Philo-sophy (including Mechanics, Hydrostatics, and Pneumatics)-That students who cannot produce any of the testimonials

referred to in the above recommendation be required to passan examination in Arts. established bv anv of the bodiesnamed in Schedule A to the Medical Act, and approved bythe General Medical Council.

Registration of Medical Students.

Every medical student shall be registered in the mannerprescribed by the General Medical Council; but not untilhe has passed a preliminary examination, as required by theCouncil.The commencement of the course of professional study

recognised by any of the qualifying bodies shall not bereckoned as dating earlier than fifteen days before the dateof registration.Every person desirous of being registered as a medical-

student shall apply to the Branch Registrar of the divisionof the United Kingdom in which he is residing, accordingto a form, which may be had on application to the several-qualifying bodies, medical schools, and hospitals; and shallproduce or forward to the Branch Registrar a certificate ofhis having passed a preliminary examination, as required bythe General Council, and a statement of his place of medi--cal study.The several qualifying bodies are recommended not to ad-

mit, after October 1870, to the final examination for a quali-fication under the Medical Acts, any candidate (not exemptedfrom registration) whose name had not been entered in the-Medical Students’ Register at least four years previously.

Age for Licence to Practise.That twenty-one be the earliest age at which a candidate

for any professional licence shall be admitted to his finalexamination; the age in all instances to be duly certified.That no licence be obtained at an earlier period than after

the expiration of forty-eight months subsequent to the regis-tration of the candidate as a medical student.

Professional Education.That the course of professional study required for a licence-

shall comprehend attendance during not less than four wintersessions, or three winter and two summer sessions, at a schoolrecognised by any of the licensing bodies mentioned inSchedule A to the Medical Act.That the following are the subjects without a knowledge of

which no candidate should be allowed to obtain a qualifica-tion entitling him to be registered:-Anatomy, GeneralAnatomy, Physiology, Chemistry (which should include aknowledge of the principles and of those details of the sci-

, ence which bear on the study of Medicine), Materia Medica...

* The General Medical Council will not consider any examination in English sufficient that does not fully test the ability of the candidate-1st. Towrite a few sentences in correct English on a given theme, attention being-

’ paid to spelling and punctuation as well as to composition. 2nd. To write a. portion of an English author to dictation. 3rd. To explain the grammatical

construction of one or two sentences. 4th. To point out the grammaticalerrors in a sentence ungraiiimati’cal]3- composed, and to explam.their nature.5th. To give the derivation and definition of a few English words in com-mon use.

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Practical Pharmacy., Medicine and Surgery (which shouldinclude a knowledge of systematic and clinical medicine andsurgery, and also of morbid anatomy), Midwifery, andForensic Medicine.

Professional Examination.That the Professional Examination for a licence be divided

into two parts: the first embracing the primary or funda-mental branches directly connected with the practice ofmedicine and surgery. That the former be not undergone till;after the close of the winter session of the second year of pro-fessional study; and the latter, or final examination, not tillafter the close of the prescribed period of professional study.

That the examination in Physics, Botany, and NaturalHistory may be undergone at an earlier period than thefirst Professional Examination.That the Professional Examinations be conducted both in

writing and orally, and that they be practical in all branchesin which they admit of being so.

That excellence in one or more subjects should not beallowed to compensate for failure in others; and that if a.candidate be rejected for failure in any one subject, heshould be re-examined in all.

REGULATIONS

OF

MEDICAL EXAMINING BODIES IN THE UNITEDKINGDOM.

UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.

EvEBY student must reside in one or other of the Colleges- or Halls, or in licensed lodgings, for a period of three years,passing at least two examinations in Arts, and one in eitherMathematics, Natural Science, or Law and Modern History,when, if he obtain a first, second, or third class, he can takehis B.A. degree; if he do not gain such honour he has topass a third examination in Literis Humanioribus.A student deciding to graduate in Medicine must pass the

requisite examination for the degree of B.A., and afterwardsspend two years in study* prior to the first or scientific ex-amination for the degree of Bachelor of Medicine, and twoyears more prior to the final or practical examination for thesame degree. These four years of medical study must bespent in some approved medical school], °° melioris notæ. ’This degree confers the licence to practise.A dissertation has to be publicly read three years after the

B.M., for the degree of Doctor of Medicine.The instruction in Natural Science is carried on at the

museum, where there is also practical instruction in Physics,Chemistry, and Anatomy and Physiology, together withcourses of lectures by the several professors in those andother subjects. Large collections illustrate the several

subjects ; there is a pathological series in the medical de-partment. The Radcliffe library, containing nearly 20,000scientific volumes, is open to all students daily from ten tillfour, and on certain evenings during term.The medical examinations take place annually in the

Michaelmas term.Scholarships of about the value of £75 are obtainable at

Christ Church, Magdalen, and other colleges, by competitiveexamination in Natural Science. Every year a RadcliffeTravelling Fellowship is competed for by any who, havingtaken a -first class in any of the schools, or having obtaineda University prize or scholarship, propose to study Medicine.’The Travelling’ Fellows receive .6200 a year for three years,half this period being spent in study abroad.More detailed information may be obtained from the Uni-

-versity Calendar, from the Regius Professor of Medicine,and from the professors in the several departments.!

* If he have talken the higher honours in the Natural Science School hemay go in for the first M.B. examination on the first opportunity.

t Regius Professor of Medicine-H. W. Acland, M.D., F.B.S.Professor of Geometry-H. S. Smith, M.A., F.R.S.Professor of Natural Philosophy-Rev. B. Price, M.A., F.R.S. ’

Professor of Experimental Physics-S. Clifton, M.A., F.R.S.Professor of Chemistry-Sir B. C. Brodie, Bart., M.A., F.R.S.Linacre Professor of Physiology-G. Rolleston, M.D., F.R.S.Professor of Zoology-J. 0. It estwood, M.A., F.L.S.Lee’s Reader in Anatomy-Vacant.Demor.strator in Anatomy-Charles Robertson.Demonstrator of Chemistry-T. H. G. Wyndham, M.A.

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.

The student must enter at one of the colleges, or as anon-collegiate student, and keep terms for three years byresidence in it. The first part of the time is spent in classi-cal and mathematical study, and he must pass the previousexamination in those subjects. He may then devote him-self to medical study in the University, attending the hos-pital and medical lectures, dissecting, &c. Or he may pro-ceed to take a degree in Arts, either continuing mathe-matical and classical study, and passing the ordinary exami-tion for B.A., or going out in the Mathematical or ClassicalTripos, or he may pursue the study of Natural Science, andtake the B.A. degree, by going out in the Natural SciencesTripos. This last plan is preferred by many medical stu-dents, the subjects for this Tripos examination (Chemistry,Botany, Comparative Anatomy, &c.) forming part of theseries of medical study, and students are not required to beagain examined in any of those subjects in which they have -shown proficiency in the Tripos examination. Those who

proceed to B.A. through a Tripos examination are said totake the degree with honours.The expenses of residence, lectures, &c., at a College are

about £150 per annum ; but these are in many cases lessenedby scholarships ranging in value from £20 to £80 a year,which are very numerous, and obtainable by most studentsof industry and ability. They are chiefly given for mathe-matical and classical proficiency. Some may be obtained atonce, even before entering, and notices of the times of ex-amination for these are given from time to time, under thehead of 11 University Intelligence," in The Times and othernewspapers. Scholarships are given for Natural Science inTrinity, St. John’s, St. Peter’s, Clare, Christ’s, Sidney, andDowning Colleges; the examinations being at Easter, andin June and October. One at Caius is given for Anatomy,another for Chemistry.For an account of the scholarships see THE LANCET of the

12th of April, 1862; and information may be obtained byapplication to the tutor of either of the colleges.

Non-collegiate students can reside at somewhat less ex-pense than those who enter at College. They are allowedto attend certain of the College lectures, and all the Pro-fessors’ lectures ; and have the same University status andprivileges as the other students. They are under the super-intendence of the Rev. R. B. Somerset, Orford House, Cam-bridge, from whom further information may be obtained.For the Degree of Bachelor in Medicine.-Five years of medi-

cal study are required, except in the case of medical studentswho have graduated with honours as Bachelors of Arts, fouryears being then sufficient. Part (a year and a half or twoyears) of this time of medical study must be in Cambridge,except in the case of a Master of Arts, who is not requiredto study medicine in Cambridge.There are three examinations. The first in Mechanics and

Hydrostatics, Chemistry (with heat and electricity), andBotany. The students who have taken honours in the NaturalSciences Tripos may be altogether, and those who have passedother university examinations be partially, excused fromthis examination. The second in Anatomy and Physiology(Human and Comparative), and Pharmacology. The third

(at the conclusion of medical study) in Pathology and thePractice of Physic, Clinical Medicine, and Medical Juris-prudence. The examinations are partly in writing andpartly vivd voce, in the hospital, on the dead subject, and onselected specimens; they take place twice annually.An Act has to be kept, which consists in reading an ori-

ginal thesis, and passing a vivû, voce examination on the sub-ject of the thesis and other subjects.

Previously to the first examination, Lectures must havebeen attended on Chemistry (with manipulations) and Bo-tany. Previously to the second examination the studentmust have attended Lectures on Anatomy and Physiology(Human and Comparative), Materia Medica, Pharmacy, andPathology; have dissected one season, and attended Hos-pital Practice one year. Previously to the third examina-tion, Lectures must have been attended on the Principlesand Practice of Physic, Clinical Medicine, and Medical Juris-prudence ; also Hospital Practice for three years.

The deg)-ee of Doctor in Medicine may be taken three yearsafter M.B. An Act has to be kept, with vivâ voce examina-tion ; and an extempore essay has to be written on some sub-ject relating to Physiology, Pathology, and Practice of Medi-