session 2 problemssolving tools.ppt

7/28/2019 Session 2 ProblemSsolving Tools.ppt

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Problem Solving Tools


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Common techniques used

Histogram

Flow Charts

Check Sheet

Scatter diagram

Brainstorming

Pareto analysis

Cause-and-effect diagram

2CEC/FPASL/13-01


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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Oral Condoms IDU,s Injectable Implants

Histogram Contraceptive failures frequency

3CEC/FPASL/13-01


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Floor Chart- problem solving in a process

Is the

stepnecessar

y

Identify the process

Identify a step in the process

Documents

improved

Remove the step

Is there

another

step

Can it be

improved

are the

changes

feasible

No

Yes

Yes

No

Keep the step

No

Yes

4CEC/FPASL/13-01


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Check sheet- complaints by field officers

Type ofComplain

Region 1 Region2 Region 3 Total

Delivery delay, non

availability at the

required time

///// ///// /////

15

///// ///// //

12

///

3

30

In ability to maintainminimum stock

levels.

///// ///// ///13

///// ////9

///// //7

29

Personnel

problems lack of

man power

///// ///// //

12

//// //// ///

13

///// ///// /

11

26

Over a period of one year

5CEC/FPASL/13-01


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Scatter Diagrams

Show correlation between two variables

Independent &dependant variableAble to show non linear relationships between two variables

6CEC/FPASL/13-01


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Brain Storming

Define and agree the objective.

Brainstorm ideas and suggestions having

agreed a time limit.

Categorize/condense/combine/refine. Assess/analyze effects or results.

Prioritize options/rank list as appropriate.

Agree action and timescale.

Control and monitor follow-up.

7CEC/FPASL/13-01


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Brain storming

Some tips for successful brainstorming- Never criticize or evaluate an idea when it is

first presented, and record all ideas

Appoint a good facilitator to ensure that

everyone participates Ensure that questions that need to be asked are

actually addressed;

Keep the setting informal;

Encourage offbeat and unconventional ideas;

Combine and build on ideas, and move quicklyfrom one member to the next

8CEC/FPASL/13-01


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Brain Storming

Categorize/condense/combine/refine.

Assess/analyze effects or results.

Prioritize options/rank list as appropriate.

Agree action and timescale.

Control and monitor follow-up.

9CEC/FPASL/13-01


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Parato Chart

Vilfred Parato 80-20 Principle (Natural

Phenomena)

Series of bars, heights indicate the frequency or

impact of the problem Bars are arranged in a descending order

Bars on the left is relatively more significant than

those on the right.

10CEC/FPASL/13-01


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Item/category Frequency of

occurrence

Percentage Cumulative

percent

Oral 40 43 43

Condoms 22 23 66

IDUs 15 16 82

Injectables 9 10 92

Implants/others 8 8 100

Analysis of contraceptive failures

11CEC/FPASL/13-01


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Contraceptive failures

0

5

1015

2025

3035

4045

Oral

Cond

oms

IDU

s

Inj

ectabl

es

Impl

ants

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Frequency

Cum. Per

12CEC/FPASL/13-01


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Define the problem- Problem statement

Categorize 4-5 causes

Equipment

PeopleProcess

Management

Policies

Money

Creative thinking by the teamDraw the fishbone diagram

Brain storming session

Determine the root causes.

Cause & Effect -Fish Bone Diagram.

13CEC/FPASL/13-01


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Cause & Effect

Ishikawa-Fishbone diagram

Problem

Equipment People Process

Management Policies

14CEC/FPASL/13-01