session 28 workshop: blockchain innovation in healthcare · 2018-06-21 · 2018 soa health meeting...
TRANSCRIPT
Session 28WS, Blockchain Innovation in Healthcare
Presenters: Tom Murawski, FSA, MAAA
Karena M. Weikel, ASA, MAAA
SOA Antitrust Disclaimer SOA Presentation Disclaimer
2018 SOA Health MeetingPRESENTERS:
KARENA WEIKEL, ASA, MAAA
THOMAS MURAWSKI, FSA, MAAA
Session 28W, Blockchain Innovation in HealthcareJune 25th, 2018
SOCIETY OF ACTUARIESAntitrust Compliance Guidelines
Active participation in the Society of Actuaries is an important aspect of membership. While the positive contributions of professional societies and associations are well-recognized and encouraged, association activities are vulnerable to close antitrust scrutiny. By their very nature, associations bring together industry competitors and other market participants.
The United States antitrust laws aim to protect consumers by preserving the free economy and prohibiting anti-competitive business practices; they promote competition. There are both state and federal antitrust laws, although state antitrust laws closely follow federal law. The Sherman Act, is the primary U.S. antitrust law pertaining to association activities. The Sherman Act prohibits every contract, combination or conspiracy that places an unreasonable restraint on trade. There are, however, some activities that are illegal under all circumstances, such as price fixing, market allocation and collusive bidding.
There is no safe harbor under the antitrust law for professional association activities. Therefore, association meeting participants should refrain from discussing any activity that could potentially be construed as having an anti-competitive effect. Discussions relating to product or service pricing, market allocations, membership restrictions, product standardization or other conditions on trade could arguably be perceived as a restraint on trade and may expose the SOA and its members to antitrust enforcement procedures.
While participating in all SOA in person meetings, webinars, teleconferences or side discussions, you should avoid discussing competitively sensitive information with competitors and follow these guidelines:
• Do not discuss prices for services or products or anything else that might affect prices• Do not discuss what you or other entities plan to do in a particular geographic or product markets or with particular customers.• Do not speak on behalf of the SOA or any of its committees unless specifically authorized to do so.
• Do leave a meeting where any anticompetitive pricing or market allocation discussion occurs.• Do alert SOA staff and/or legal counsel to any concerning discussions• Do consult with legal counsel before raising any matter or making a statement that may involve competitively sensitive information.
Adherence to these guidelines involves not only avoidance of antitrust violations, but avoidance of behavior which might be so construed. These guidelines only provide an overview of prohibited activities. SOA legal counsel reviews meeting agenda and materials as deemed appropriate and any discussion that departs from the formal agenda should be scrutinized carefully. Antitrust compliance is everyone’s responsibility; however, please seek legal counsel if you have any questions or concerns.
2
Presentation Disclaimer
Presentations are intended for educational purposes only and do not replace independent professional judgment. Statements of fact and opinions expressed are those of the participants individually and, unless expressly stated to the contrary, are not the opinion or position of the Society of Actuaries, its cosponsors or its committees. The Society of Actuaries does not endorse or approve, and assumes no responsibility for, the content, accuracy or completeness of the information presented. Attendees should note that the sessions are audio-recorded and may be published in various media, including print, audio and video formats without further notice.
3
4
Karena Weikel, ASA, MAAAVice President, Risk & Revenue Management
Karena is directly accountable to the Chief Financial Officer/Chief Actuary for Geisinger Health Plan. She is a risk professional with 16 years of healthcare experience. Karena is responsible for managing overall cost of care (expense, vendor), trend mitigation, data management, vendor relations, underwriting, provider economics, risk adjustment, operational and regulatory reporting, rate filing support, and organization-wide financial analytics (FWA, employer group, regulatory, compliance, government, sales, IT, etc.) across all lines of business (Commercial, Medicare Advantage, Medicaid). Karena leads a team of 110+ highly skilled and experiencedprofessionals whom develop the analytics that improve revenue and expense that drive GHP’s success. She provides direct administrative oversight to Certified Professional Coders, Actuaries, Analysts, and Business professionals.
Thomas Murawski, FSA, MAAAActuary
Thomas provides consulting services to wide variety of clients in the U.S. healthcare system including insurance companies, stop loss carriers, employers, provider groups, government entities, and advocacy groups. Thomas’ focus has been on advising clients inunderstanding the impact and strategic implications of the ACA. His experience includes pricing health benefits, estimating reserves, and projecting financial results. Thomas has led projects to assist clients in these activities for many different health products including individual plans, small and large group plans, and stop loss products.
5
Blockchain Innovation
in Healthcare
6
Agenda
• What is Blockchain?• How Blockchain technology works?• Applications of Blockchain• Blockchain in Healthcare• Strengths & Weaknesses of Blockchain
6
Blockchain Mechanics
• Blockchain allows for maintaining a decentralized ledger
• How to build trust – digital signatures• Building blocks – decentralized consensus
7
Maintaining a Ledger• Typically a universally trusted party (e.g. bank, government,
etc) maintains the ledger
8
Maintaining a Ledger• Blockchain technology allows for a secure ledger to be
maintained without reliance on trusted party• How can this be trusted?
9
Maintaining a Ledger
A pays B $50B pays C $10D pays C $40
10
Maintaining a Ledger – Digital Signatures
A pays B $50 x_____ B pays C $10 x_____ D pays C $40 x_____
11
Maintaining a ledger – Building Trust• Anyone can add to the ledger, so how can we trust that
transactions are what the sender really meant them to be?• Digital signatures – key concept
• Something that proves that the submitter are who they are, they saw the transaction and support it
• Digital signature is a function of the message• Done through principals of cryptography
12
Cryptography .101• Cryptographic HASH FUNCTION – takes input and
produces fixed-sized output
256 − 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝑏𝑏𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 =
1001111110010000000001001011100110000111000001010000011101101101101011100001101110010010111111011010111110001010000010000001110110010111111001010110010010111101001101110100111000100100001110110110001000001100011100110111111100001110101100000110001001001101
13
Cryptography .101• You can use this to develop a digital signature
𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝑏𝑏𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖,𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖𝑏𝑏𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖𝑏𝑏𝑝𝑝 𝑘𝑘𝑝𝑝𝑘𝑘 =
1001111110010000000001001011100110000111000001010000011101101101101011100001101110010010111111011010111110001010000010000001110110010111111001010110010010111101001101110100111000100100001110110110001000001100011100110111111100001110101100000110001001001101
14
Cryptography .101• If you change the message even slightly, the resulting hash is
completely different
𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝑏𝑏𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 1,𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖𝑏𝑏𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖𝑏𝑏𝑝𝑝 𝑘𝑘𝑝𝑝𝑘𝑘 =
0001010111001101011111101110111010111010011111101110101000001000011010010011100010111110100100000100001110010101101110100100010101011011110010001000111110011001111110000010010101111001100011100001101101001101010101111100011011000001110100110111011100100010
15
Cryptography .101• Verify function – uses public key, can quickly verify signature
𝑉𝑉𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖𝑏𝑏𝑖𝑖𝑘𝑘 𝑏𝑏𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖,𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑏𝑏𝑝𝑝𝑏𝑏𝑝𝑝 𝑘𝑘𝑝𝑝𝑘𝑘, = 𝑇𝑇 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐹𝐹
1001111110010000000001001011100110000111000001010000011101101101101011100001101110010010111111011010111110001010000010000001110110010111111001010110010010111101001101110100111000100100001110110110001000001100011100110111111100001110101100000110001001001101
DIGITAL SIGNATURE
16
Cryptography .101 – Strength of 256-bit• Virtually impossible to solve for signature using brute force
(with current technology)
𝑉𝑉𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖𝑏𝑏𝑖𝑖𝑘𝑘 𝑏𝑏𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖,𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑏𝑏𝑝𝑝𝑏𝑏𝑝𝑝 𝑘𝑘𝑝𝑝𝑘𝑘, = 𝑇𝑇 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝐹𝐹
1001111110010000000001001011100110000111000001010000011101101101101011100001101110010010111111011010111110001010000010000001110110010111111001010110010010111101001101110100111000100100001110110110001000001100011100110111111100001110101100000110001001001101
DIGITAL SIGNATURE
?17
Maintaining a Ledger – Digital Signatures
A pays B $50 x_____ B pays C $10 x_____ D pays C $40 x_____
18
Maintaining a Ledger – Fraud Prevention
A pays B $50 x_____ A pays B $50 x_____B pays C $10 x_____ D pays C $40 x_____
19
Maintaining a Ledger – Fraud Prevention
1 A pays B $50 x_____ 2 B pays C $10 x_____ 3 D pays C $40 x_____
20
Making a Transaction – Adding to Ledger
21
Maintaining a Ledger – Decentralized• How can the ledger be decentralized?• Many people keep their own ledger• To add transaction, you broadcast it out for everyone else
to add to their ledgers• How do you know everyone agrees to the transactions?
How to build a consensus?• Everyone agrees to trust the ledger with the most ‘proof
of computational work’
22
Reminder – Hash Function• Cryptographic HASH FUNCTION – takes input and
produces fixed-sized output
256 − 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝑏𝑏𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 =
1001111110010000000001001011100110000111000001010000011101101101101011100001101110010010111111011010111110001010000010000001110110010111111001010110010010111101001101110100111000100100001110110110001000001100011100110111111100001110101100000110001001001101
23
Proof of Work - Example
1 A pays B $50 x_____ 2 B pays C $10 x_____ 3 D pays C $40 x_____
3246125432161258
HASH
0000000000000000000000000000001000101011110010101011011100000010001010111010101011101010011010101101011110000011101111011111110110000011000001011100001010110101101011011111001011001100001100111100101001111000101000001010010101101000011100000011001101100110
First 30 bits are 0
24
Proof of Work - Example
1 A pays B $50 x_____ 2 B pays C $10 x_____ 3 D pays C $40 x_____
3246125432161258
HASH
0000000000000000000000000000001000101011110010101011011100000010001010111010101011101010011010101101011110000011101111011111110110000011000001011100001010110101101011011111001011001100001100111100101001111000101000001010010101101000011100000011001101100110
First 30 bits are 0
Probability of guessing is 1230
≈ 11,000,000,000
25
PROOF OF WORK
Blockchain Structure
1 A pays B $50 x_____ 2 B pays C $10 x_____ 3 D pays C $40 x_____ BODY WITH TRANSACTIONS
FOOTER – Hash of entire block leads with 0’s
26
PROOF OF WORK
PREVIOUS HASH
Blockchain Structure
1 A pays B $50 x_____ 2 B pays C $10 x_____ 3 D pays C $40 x_____
HEADER
BODY WITH TRANSACTIONSwith block reward
FOOTER – Hash of entire block leads with 0’s
27
HASH
HASH
HASH
0000000000000000000000000000001000101011110010101011011100000010001010111010101011101010011010101101011110000011101111011111110110000011000001011100001010110101101011011111001011001100001100111100101001111000101000001010010101101000011100000011001101100110
0000000000000000000000000000001000101011110010101011011100000010001010111010101011101010011010101101011110000011101111011111110110000011000001011100001010110101101011011111001011001100001100111100101001111000101000001010010101101000011100000011001101100110
0000000000000000000000000000001000101011110010101011011100000010001010111010101011101010011010101101011110000011101111011111110110000011000001011100001010110101101011011111001011001100001100111100101001111000101000001010010101101000011100000011001101100110
28
Blockchain Structure
• What is a Block ?• Header – Hash of previous block• List of transactions, each with unique ID and signature• Block reward• Proof of work at the end• Proof of work is function of all preceding transactions
• Blockchain are all of the blocks strung together by header being the hash of the previous block
29
Blockchain ‘Mining’
MINERS SOLVING FOR
PREVIOUS HASH1 A pays B $50 x_____ 2 B pays C $10 x_____ 3 D pays C $40 x_____
30
Blockchain ‘Mining’
MINERS SOLVING FOR
PREVIOUS HASH
1 A pays B $50 x_____ 2 B pays C $10 x_____ 3 D pays C $40 x_____
31
Decentralized Consensus
32
Decentralized Consensus
33
Decentralized Consensus
34
Decentralized Consensus
35
Decentralized Consensus – Example of Trust
• Remember, solving for a block is like winning a ‘mini lottery’• Let’s say you want to add a fraudulent transaction• You would need to add a transaction, build a block, and verify
it by successfully ‘mining’ it (i.e. you won the mini lottery)• To keep fraudulent transaction, you would have to keep
mining all subsequent blocks and winning every ‘mini lottery’• Mathematically improbable• Proof of work changes over time to keep up with increase in miners
36
Blockchain – Sense of Scale with Bitcoin• Current block reward = 12.5 bitcoin ($7,600 USD =
$95,000)• Transaction fee (optionally included to incentivize miners
to include transactions in block)• Block size – about 2500 transaction per block• Proof of work such that blocks are verified every 10
minutes• VISA – current volume is 1,700 a second (about 1
million every 10 minutes)
37
38
Applications of Blockchain
38
39
Applications of Blockchain
• Finance: Cryptocurrency, Smart Contracts & Distributed Ledger, Initial Coin Offering
• Supply Chain• Governance• GAFA
39
40
Finance: CryptocurrencyWhitepaper: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdfOct. 31, 2008 (8 pages, 8 references)
40
41
Finance: Cryptocurrency
• Digital, decentralized currency• Bitcoin: Technology endoskeleton is blockchain
• Ethereum: System live 7/30/15, Smart Contracts
• 2nd most successful app of blockchain
• Estimated over 700 cryptocurrency
41
42
42
Finance: Cryptocurrency
43
Finance: Smart Contracts
Self-executing contracts with the terms of the agreement between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code. The code and the agreements contained therein exist across a distributed, decentralized blockchain network. They render transactions traceable, transparent, and irreversible.
Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/smart-contracts.asp
43
44
Finance: Smart Contracts & Distributed Ledger
• Quorum: JP Morgan Chase launched 2017, enterprise-ready platform
• Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA): central banking, launched 2016, trade finance platform via smart contracts on private blockchain. Developed two others: Mortgage applications and digital identification
• International (HKMA and Singapore) blockchain ecosystem: Global Trade Connectivity Network
44
45
Finance: Smart Contracts & Distributed Ledger
• Mycelia: Music smart contract, peer-to-peer distribution system, enables musicians to sell songs directly to audiences
• Resonate: “Stream-to-own” music distribution model• Toyota: Autonomous vehicle technology (self-driving
cars), fuel smart contracts, driving database• B3i: Blockchain Insurance Industry Initiative, simulate
creating and settling reinsurance contracts• 15 global insurers and reinsurers who came together in late 2016• First product – Property cat excess-of-loss reinsurance contracts
in mid-2017
45
46
Finance: Initial Coin Offering (ICO)
• Funding mechanism to raise capital• Crowdfunding for start-ups • Not an investment in company• Buying a token, investing in value of token
• Tokens: rewards points, utility/usage tokens, equity shares and capital assets
• China has banned ICO sales• Deloitte 2017, 800+ companies participated in ICO, digital currencies global market over $700B
46
47
• eSports (aka electronic sports, competitive (video) gaming, professional (video) gaming, or pro gaming) – a form of competition using video games. (Wikipedia definition)
• UniKrn – wagering on blockchain
• Unikoin gold and silver – Gaming Token
• Mark Cuban & Ashton Kutcher
Finance: ICO example
47
48
Supply Chain
• Diamonds: trackability• Fish: illegal fish catches, Ethereum blockchain in UK-
based Provenance pilot project, sushi restaurants in Japan• Land: Ghana, titles in developing markets• Cement: quality of cement in building, impact on
foundation when earthquakes• Drug: eliminate counterfeits• Food safety: Walmart, Nestle, Dole creating immutable
audit trail• Employment: verification of university degrees
48
49
Governance
• 40% of Blockchain projects originated in U.S.• Second highest is U.K. at 17%• Brexit: Move fintech initiatives to mainland Europe• Boardroom App: organizational decision-making• Estonia: healthcare data security, citizens’ medical data, patient
portal. Guardtime, over a million Estonians health records. Doctors, surgeons, pharmacists and other medical professionals all have instant access to an agreed set of patient data, subject to strict privacy limitations
• Switzerland: Jan 2018, launched a blockchain task force to regulate blockchain and digital currency
• Minister said, “Should become the Cryto-Nation”Source: Bravenewcoin.com
49
50
What is GAFA?
50
51
• Google, Apple, Facebook, and Amazon• March 22, 2018, Google is working on blockchain-related
technology• Distributed digital ledger that third parties can use to post and
verify transactions• Blockchain’s potential to facilitate digital ad buying• Presearch project is using blockchain to try to compete with
Google’s search engine• Apple filed a patent Dec 7, 2017 for a blockchain-based
timestamp verification system• Facebook is looking at cryptocurrencies and encryption • Amazon helps companies build blockchain applications
51
52
IBM & Microsoft
Source: https://www.ibm.com/blockchain/hyperledger.html
• IBM and Microsoft Corp offering blockchain related cloud platform tools
• Blockchain–as–a–service (BAAS) • AWS largest public cloud• Microsoft Azure 2nd largest public cloud• IBM private cloud• IBM has 400 active clients on its
blockchain platform• Microsoft is the closest private cloud
rival• Juniper Survey: Who leads in
Blockchain?• 43% IBM, 20% Microsoft, 17% Accenture
52
53
Blockchain in Healthcare
53
54
Blockchain in Healthcare
• Provider Directories• Provider Identity Tool• Data Management• Electronic Health Record• Value-Based Care• Other
54
55
Provider DirectoriesHealthcare IT News
• CMS Mandated Provider Directories
• 2.5% of provider info changes each month
• $2.1B spent annually
• Alliance to share info
• 10K to 100K provider overlap
• Improve quality of data
• Reduce admin costs
55
56
Source: https://healthitanalytics.com/news/hashed-health-launches-blockchain-provider-identity-toolBy: Jennifer Bresnick
56
Provider Identity ToolHealth IT Analytics
57
Data ManagementMarch 27, 2018
Source: https://hitinfrastructure.com/news/top-hit-infrastructure-uses-for-healthcare-blockchain
• Blockchain based naas• Invitation only, subscription-based,
private network• Does not store health information• Not HIE, ETL, or EHR• Transmits data among healthcare
organizations• Vendor agnostichttps://akiri.com/
57
58
Data Management
• A new way of thinking about DATA• Bitchain DB: Scalable Blockchain Database• IoT, Supply chain, Healthcare data• Eliminate need of duplication• Regular updates• Shared & continually reconciled• No single storage• No centralized version for hacker to corrupt
58
59
Electronic Health Record (EHR)
• EPIC and Cerner are looking at Blockchain
• AMCHART
• MedChain
59
60
Value-Based Care
• Solve.Care (developer)• Smart apps
• Care.Wallet• Provider rewards• Expand to patients
• Care.Card app• Digital ID card
March 20, 20185,500 physicians250,000 patient members
60
61
Other• Revenue Cycle Management• Clearinghouse – eligibility checks, authorizations, streamline premium &
claim payments• Provider Credentialing• Supply chain – pharmacy, DME, medical supplies and equipment
• Remove rebate intermediary’s• BlockVerify, iSolve/BlockRx, Chronicled, The Linklab, Modum, Vechain
• Enabling secure access to medical records• Health Information Exchange (data management)• Identity by consensus (policyholder)• Reduce Fraud Waste and Abuse• Clinical trials (patient matching, monitoring, e-consent)
61
62
Other – Revenue Cycle Management
• 2015 Emdeon rebranded• 2016 McKesson Technology Company (70%
owner) & Change Healthcare created new company
• Provider of revenue and payment cycle management and clinical information exchange solutions
• 1st enterprise-scale blockchain network in Healthcare
62
63
• PokitDok
• Simply Vital Health
• SolveCare• T Systems
• Accenture
• Change Healthcare• Deloitte Rubix
• Factom
• Hyperledger• MedRec
http://go.chilmarkresearch.com/2018-blockchain-msrhttps://www.healthdatamanagement.com/opinion/how-blockchain-could-help-boost-healthcare-security
63
Other
64
Strengths & Weaknesses of Blockchain
64
65
Strengths of Blockchain
• Transactional• Immutable/Trusted• Consensus• Distributed
• Fully Transparent• Fast• Single source of truth
65
66
Weaknesses of Blockchain
• Strengths are also problems• Proliferation of platforms &
protocols• No technical or process
standards in place• Operational siloes, lack of
collaboration• No Interoperability –
blockchain integration
• Limits to Transactions• Energy costs – mining
requires electricity• Data storage• Scalability• Costs
66
67
Will blockchain revolutionize healthcare?
67
68
Sources• Web:
• http://blockchain.global• https://www.coindesk.com/• https://www.coindesk.com• https://blockexplorer.com/
• ACTEX eLearning: Intro to Blockchain for Actuaries and Insurance Professionals (Chris Van Kooten)
• American Academy of Actuaries: Winter 2017 A supplement to Contingencies• Email:
• Healthcare IT News• Healthcare IT Infrastructure• Heath IT Analytics
• Podcasts: BlockChain Innovation, The Block Chain Show.com, 3Blue1Brown on YouTube• Papers/Articles:
• Blockchain to blockchains: Broad adoption & integration enter the realm of the possible, Tech Trends 2018; by Eric Piscini, Darshini Dalal, David Mapgaonkar, Prakash Santhana; Dec 5, 2017; www2.deloitte.com
• Books:• Blockchain Revolution by Don Tapscott and Alex Tapscott
68
69
Appendix
69
70
Finance: Cryptocurrency – History of currency
643 B.C.
Gold as currency
Mined compound
Gold coins, rush
1861
U.S. paper currency
Formation of Federal Reserve
Great depression, two world wars
US holding majority of world’s gold
1971
Gold standard ended
Dollars vastly outweigh value held in gold
2008Digital coins as currency
What happens when you’re able to mine not just earth, but the internet?
Source: Cracking Cryptocurrency
By Ryne Knudson
70
71
Finance: Cryptocurrency – Ethereum White Paper
Source: https://www.weusecoins.com/assets/pdf/library/Ethereum_white_paper-a_next_generation_smart_contract_and_decentralized_application_platform-vitalik-buterin.pdf
71
72
Finance: Remittances
• A sum of money sent, especially by mail, in payment for goods or services or as a give. The action of sending money in payment. (www.dictionary.com)
• Remove intermediary’s (Western Union), eliminate fees• Abra – remittance app using Blockchain
72
73
Finance: Exchanges to buy a Wallet to buy Cryptocurrency
• Coinbase – most popular with around 12M users• Gemini• Binance• Bitfinex• Kraken• BitInstant• WikiLeaks• Binance
73
74
Applications of Blockchain• Consensys: solar panels make excess energy, Ethereum-
based smart contracts automatically redistribute it.• Augur App: prediction market share offerings on the
outcome of real-world events • Scientific Publishing• Social Media: Giving users an opportunity to own &
control their images & content• SecureKey: identity and authentication provider (login’s,
passwords)• Refugee identities
74
75
Applications of Blockchain
• Record Management: financial, medical, legal• Finance:
• Replacement of banks, credit agencies• Stock Trading, cross-boarder payments
• Supply Chain: Everledge (DLT) Ethical Diamonds• Enable peer-to-peer payments like OpenBazaar (Ebay like)
• Don’t pay transaction fees• Remove intermediary (sharing with companies like Uber & AirBnB)• Peer to peer car sharing: get paid to allow others to drive your car
• Governance: Elections/poll taking
75
76
Applications of Blockchain• Gartner predicts blockchain business value-add will grow to $176B by 2025• Shipping: Rotterdam, Europe’s largest port, applied to logistics
• Biggest, fastest vessels, robot-operated ports and vast computer databases tracking cargoes. But it all still relies on millions and millions of paper documents.
• World’s most complex logistics network• Documentation that takes days will eventually be done in minutes
• File storage: Internet with decentralized websites would speed up file transfer and streaming times
• IoT: Monitoring of air temperature in a storage facility, genomic data, Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)
• Prediction markets: Pay out according to event outcomes are already active. Blockchains are a “wisdom of the crowd” technology.
• Oracle (world’s 2nd largest software company): Blockchain – as – a – service (BAAS)
76
77
Applications of Blockchain
• Across United States:• At least 26 states introduced or enacted legislation regulating blockchain in some manner• Arizona – Value-based care, illegal to track the use of a firearm with blockchain• Illinois – Provider credentialing with Hashed Health• Texas – Amending their constitution to protect the right of its citizens to use digital currency• Utah – Digital currencies to the states Unclaimed Property Act
• Human Resources: • Assess, verify, and distribute unemployment benefits securely• Smart contracts – employment, performance mgmt., and compensation• GOVCOIN, U.K. based company, distribute public benefits
• Auto Insurance Fraud: Crash for cash • Insurance: Purchased and delivered via Blockchain• Other: Property deeds, credentialing student transcripts, credentialing clean-energy
marketplace, birth certificates, scientific publishing, refugee identities
77
78
Applications of Blockchain
• Digital cats• First game built on blockchain
• Sell, trade your kittie
Source: https://www.cryptokitties.co/
78