Session 6 Planning for Disaster Risk

Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA)

Measures

SEMINAR ON RESULTS MANAGEMENT FOR PUBLIC SECTOR EXCELLENCE

DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

Disaster Risk Management

The systematic process of using administrative directives,

organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement

strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen

the adverse impacts of natural hazards and related environmental

and technological disasters, including reduction and adaptation.

Disaster Risk Management Framework

Source: Adapted from FAO. 2008. Disaster Risk Management Systems Analysis: A guide book.

Development

Continuum

HAZARD EVENT/DISATER

The Ties that Bind in DRMThe exposure of ADB loans to disaster risk reflects the exposure of DMC development

activities to disaster risk• Surface and Groundwater Resources• Economic and Social Infrastructure

• Agriculture • Potable Water and Sanitation

• Resettlement and Human Security• Community Development

General Characteristics of

DRM and CCA

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DRM/DRR CCA Risk management approach Engineering and natural science

basis plus humanitarian assistance Traditional focus on hazard event

and exposure, and on technological solutions

Shift from response & recovery to awareness and preparedness (DRR)

Short-term perspective but increasingly longer term

Local scale Often community based

Risk management approach Strong scientific basis – origin and

culture in scientific theory Environmental science perspective Highly interdisciplinary Long-term perspective Global scale Often directed from the top down,

but with dependence on local actions

Areas of Convergence CC adaptation specialists now

being recruited from engineering, water/sanitation, agriculture, health & DRR sectors

DRM increasingly forward-looking

Integration of scientific knowledge and traditional knowledge for DRM provides learning opportunities

Existing climate variability is an entry point for CC adaptation

CC adaptation gaining experience through practical local application

DRM has a range of established & developing tools

Increasing recognition that more adaptation tools are needed

Climate-related disaster events are now more likely to be analyzed & debated with reference to climate change

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Climate-Sensitive Health OutcomesPhysical factors

• Climate• Elevation• Natural resources (i.e. water bodies,

soil moisture)Biological sensitivity

• Concomitant diseases• Acquired immunity• Genetics

Socioeconomic statusPublic health and health care systems

Key Messages• Extreme weather risk is seen against

the backdrop of rising natural disasters.

• Varying understanding of hazards and risk brings opportunities to develop robust frameworks and applications.

• Risk management of climate hazards is part of development, not an add-on or option.

• CCA can build on existing DRM tools, DRM can use existing CCA approaches and both are applicable to the health sector.

Disaster Risk ReductionThe concept and practice of reducing

disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and mange the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards lessened vulnerability of people and property and wise management of land and the environment (prevention and mitigation), and improved preparedness for adverse events (UN ISDR, 2009)

What is Adaptation?• Adaptation, simply, is the response to climate change

impacts, to minimize losses and take advantage of opportunities.

• Adaptation can be spontaneous or planned.• To plan for adaptation, one must understand

potential impacts of climate change and vulnerabilities, and their root causes.

What is DRR?Interconnected actions to minimize disaster vulnerability by avoiding and limiting the impact of hazards in the context of sustainable development

Overlap between DRR and Climate Change Adaptation

Source: DFID. 2008. Convergence of Disaster Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation

Risk Reduction including Adaptation Strategies

Levels of Intervention:• Institutional and technical strengthening• Structural adjustments• Land use planning, codes and use

permits• Community-based climate risk reduction• Environmental management and

ecosystem protection• Risk transfer• Retreat (i.e. migration)

Disaster Risk Reduction Assessment Summary

• What are the solutions which might address both current and future vulnerabilities?

• What are the costs, benefits, risks and co-benefits of each option to the community, to the investment?

• What are the preferred options in the context of the project?

• Who should be involved in identifying options?

Disaster Risk Reduction Examples

• Drinking water – new/retrofitted community sources with sustainable provision

• Water quality- community surface and ground water pollution controls

• Food security – crop rotation with native species

• Flooding and drought – improved water management for human consumption, agriculture, ecosystem function

• Coastal erosion – stabilization, land use planning

Communication HorizontalCooperation and verticalCoordination integration

Important Lessons from ADB DRM Experiences for DRR and

CCA1. Strategies should be comprehensive.2. Establish clear linkages between

international agreements, national strategies, local actions, and partner support

3. Community consultations are invaluable, especially for livelihood and community infrastructure projects

4. Institutional capacity building in project design at the local government and community level is needed.

Methods for Assessing Vulnerability

• Environmental and social assessments• Consultations with disaster prevention

focal points• Community based consultations• Monitoring records of existing trends• Basis on current climate trends• Base on current challenges to ensure

relevance and sustainability

Key Components of a Results-Based Strategic Approach

• Natural hazard including climate change hazard, vulnerability and risk assessments

• Selection of intervention type – policy, investment, capacity

• Selection of risk management option - financial, economic, physical

• Core results attributes – planning, budgeting, implementation, monitoring and evaluation

• Focus on common results• Interdependency – top down, bottom up and linked• Horizontal and vertical linkage – across agencies

in all sectors at all administrative levels17

The Key Indicator is theHFA Expected Outcome

“The substantial reduction of disaster losses, in lives and in the social, economic and environmental

assets of communities and countries.”This indicator is:

S specificM measureableA achievable R relevantT Time-bound

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Identifying DRR ActionsAction

• What can be done about the hazard, vulnerability or risk?

• By whom?• Where?• When?• At what cost?• Who pays?• Who benefits?

Focus

• Who is the population or what built or natural environment is involved?

• What is the specific natural hazard involved?

• What is the geographic setting involved?

• What are the sectors involved?

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Use of Risk InformationResults-Based PSM

PlanningBudgeting Implementation ResultsMonitoringEvaluation

Where are the key points in each feature of the Framework to use information?

IDRMPolicy, Investment and

Capacity Interventionsin order to address the needs of

Risk assessments (financial, economic, physical)

Reducing risk (structural and non-structural)

Managing Residual Risk (passive and active)

What is the information to be used ?

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What are the DMCs’ experiences

with planning for DRM and CCA?

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Vulnerable Elements and Natural Hazards Impacted Elements Natural Hazards

Floods Typhoons Tsunami Earthquakes Landslides Avalanches Drought Population

Poor Children Women Elderly

Sectors Education

Health Transportation

Water and Sanitation Geomorphologic Settings

Coastal Areas High Mountain Valleys

River Basins Plains and Steppes

Choose a cell(s

) and disc

uss experie

nces with th

ose

parameters to plan DRM activ

ities in

your c

ountry .

Thank you