session#1; introduction & concepts

1 N.Karami, MIS-Spring 2012

Management Information Systems

Introduction & Concepts

Graduate School of

Management & Economics





Graduate School of


Learning Objectives

• Differentiate among data, information, and

knowledge

• Differentiate between information technology

infrastructure and information technology

architecture

• Describe the global business environment and

the new information technology infrastructure

• Discuss the relationships among business

pressures, organizational responses, and

information systems




Graduate School of


Google HeadquartersGoogle servers in a server farm

http://www.google.com/

http://www.google.com/




Graduate School of


How to use IT to survive in todays

environments

• Change business models and strategies

• IT enables orgaizations to survive in the

presense of business presures

• IT may require a large investment over long time

periods

• Organizations leverage their platform

– Web based applications

– Products

– Services




Graduate School of


• In 2007, more wireless phone accounts were opened than telephone land lines installed

• More than 95 million people receive their news online; 55 million Americans read blogs

• Internet advertising continues to grow at more than 15 percent per year

• New laws require businesses to store more data for longer periods

• Changes in business result in changes in jobs and careers

How Information Systems are

Transforming Business




Graduate School of


Homo Conexus

• You are the most connected generation in

history

• You practice continuous computing

• You are surrounded by a personal, movable

information network




Graduate School of


Personal movable information

network

And…..laptop

in briefcase!




Graduate School of


Data & Information &

Knowledge

• Data: Unorganized and

unprocessed facts; static; a set of

discrete facts about events

• Information: Aggregation of

data that makes decision

making easier

• Knowledge is derived from

information in the same way

information is derived from

data; it is a person’s range of

information




Graduate School of


Data and Information

Raw data from a supermarket checkout counter can be processed and organized to produce

meaningful information, such as the total unit sales of dish detergent or the total sales revenue from

dish detergent for a specific store or sales territory.




Graduate School of


Information Systems (IS)

• Information Systems (IS or MIS):

“An Information System is a set of (primarily) electronic

components that collect, analyze and disseminate data and

information to meet an objective” OR

“Interrelated components that manage information to:

• Support decision making and control

• Help with analysis, visualization, and product creation”

• Information technology:

• Any computer based tool

• Support information and information processing needs

of an organization




Graduate School of


Functions of an Information

SystemAn information system

contains information about

an organization and its

surrounding environment.

Three basic activities—

input, processing, and

output— produce the

information organizations

need. Feedback is output

returned to appropriate

people or activities in the

organization to evaluate and

refine the input.

Environmental actors, such

as customers, suppliers,

competitors, stockholders,

and regulatory agencies,

interact with the

organization and its

information systems.




Graduate School of


Six Components of an

Information SystemData

Networks

Software

HardwarePeople

Information

Systems

Procedures

Computer-based

information

systems (CBIS)

use computer

technology to

perform some or

all of their tasks




Graduate School of


CBIS

AIS

MIS

DSS

VO

KMS

Information Decision

Problem

Problem

Solving

The CBIS Model




Graduate School of


Information Systems:

Concepts and Definitions (continued)

• Information Technology Architecture.

A high-level map or plan of the information

assets in an organization, which guides

current operations and is a blueprint for

future directions.

• Information Technology Infrastructure.

The physical facilities, IT components, IT

services and IT management that support an

entire organization.




Graduate School of


IT Architecture of Online

Travel Agency




Graduate School of


IT Components, IT Platform, IT

Services, and IT Infrastructure




Graduate School of


The Global Web-Based Platform

• Best represented by the Internet and the World

Wide Web

• Enables users to connect, compute,

communicate, collaborate, and compete

everywhere and anytime

• Operates without regard to geography, time,

distance, and language




Graduate School of


The Global Web-Based Platform




Graduate School of


The Stages of Globalization (From Thomas Friedman in The World is Flat)

• Globalization 1.0 (from 1492 to 1800)

• Globalization 2.0 (from 1800 to 2000)

• Globalization 3.0 (from 2000 to the present)




Graduate School of


Globalization 2.0 (first half)

Steam engine

Railroads




Graduate School of


Globalization 2.0 (second half)

OpenMoko open source smart phone

Satellites

Apple Mac Pro

Fiber

optics




Graduate School of


Globalization 3.0

1.0

2.0

3.0




Graduate School of


Globalization 3.0 (continued)

Schematic Map of the Internet




Graduate School of


Thomas Friedman’s Ten Flatteners

• Fall of the Berlin Wall

• Netscape goes public

• Development of work-flow software

• Uploading

• Outsourcing

• Offshoring

• Supply Chaining

• Insourcing

• Informing

• The Steroids




Graduate School of


The Steroids

• Digital: all analog content and processes are being

digitized

• Mobile: thanks to wireless technologies, computing,

connecting, collaborating can be done anywhere

• Virtual: the process of shaping, manipulating, and

transmitting digitized content can be done at very

high speeds, so that users do not have to think about

these processes

• Personal: Individuals can perform all these

processes on their own computing devices




Graduate School of


First Steroid: Computing (processing)

TO

Charles Babbage’s

Difference Engine (1822)

Ultramobile personal

computer




Graduate School of


Computing (continued – storage)

TO

First disk storage unit by IBM (1956)

Capacity: 5 megabytes

Size: Refrigerator

Sony Micro Vault Thumb Drive

Capacity: 2 gigabytes




Graduate School of


Second Steroid:

Instant Messaging and File Sharing

Instant messaging

(example)

File sharing (example)

http://www.bittorrent.com/

http://www.bittorrent.com/

http://www.meebo.com/

http://www.meebo.com/




Graduate School of


Third Steroid:

Voice over Internet Protocol

http://www.skype.com/

http://www.skype.com/

http://www.vonage.com/

http://www.vonage.com/




Graduate School of


Fourth Steroid:

Videoconferencing

A telepresence system in a conference room




Graduate School of


Fifth Steroid:

Computer Graphics




Graduate School of


Sixth Steroid:

Wireless Technologies

Using cell phone

in motion

Geostationary satellite

Bluetooth phone

sunglasses




Graduate School of


IT Support

for Organizational Responses

responses.




Graduate School of


Business Pressures, Organizational

Responses, and IT Support

http://www.wiley.com/college/turban/0471787124/image_gallery/ch01/pages/fg_1_5.htm

http://www.wiley.com/college/turban/0471787124/image_gallery/ch01/pages/fg_1_5.htm




Graduate School of


Technological Innovation and

Obsolescence

Innovation:

Early calculator

Obsolescence: Slide Rule

Obsolescence:

old phonograph

Innovation:

iPod nano




Graduate School of



Obsolescence (continued)

Innovation:

digital camera

Innovation: “Credit

card” digital camera

Obsolescence: old

analog camera




Graduate School of



Obsolescence (continued)

Innovation: Notebook

computer with word

processing software

Obsolescence: Manual

typewriter




Graduate School of


Societal Pressures

• Social Responsibility

• Government Regulation and Deregulation

• Protection Against Terrorist Attacks

• Ethical Issues




Graduate School of


Social Responsibility (continued)

Youth Computer

Club in CubaCuban Youth

Computer Club

mobile unit




Graduate School of


Social Responsibility

One Laptop per

Child initiative

http://laptop.org/




Graduate School of


Organizational Responses

• Strategic Systems

• Customer Focus

• Make-to-Order and mass customization

• E-business and E-commerce

session#1; introduction & concepts

Documents