setting the stage for a new nation. roots of government magna carta 1215 limited the power of the...
TRANSCRIPT
Setting the stage for a New Nation
Roots of GovernmentMagna Carta 1215
Limited the power of the king.
Had to ask to raise taxes
Roots of Government
Salutary neglect
Hands off policy
Passed laws but didn’t enforce
Spanish Armada
•1588
•Spain sent its Navy to destroy England.
•England was able to defeat the Armada
Spanish Armada
•The consequence of the defeat. Spain was weakened. England and other countries settled Northern Colonies
Differences in Style
Spanish Destroyed
French traded and left
English settled and stayed
St. Augustine
The first successful settlement in North America
1513
Roanoke - The Lost Colony• Started by Sir Walter Raleigh• Early settlers more interested in Gold than fishing• When Gold ran low, they returned to England• In 1587, Raleigh sent a second group but they arrived too late in
season to plant crops• Their leader (John White) sailed back to England for more
supplies. While there fighting broke out between England and Spain.
• His return was delayed for three years.• When he finally reached the island, the colonist had disappeared.• Carved on the doorpost was the word CROATOAN
JamestownFirst successful English colony in America.
Jamestown
Settled by the river, the land was marshy. The Natives lived deeper into the forest.
Pocahontas “saving” John Smith
Jamestown
While John Smith left, the colony experienced a “starving time. 60 of the 214 lived
John Smith almost killed himself with gun powder.
Two years earlier the colony would have rejoiced. This time they almost died.
Land Disputes•Native-Americans found out what the settlers wanted and cut them off.
•What did they want?
John Rolfe•Married to Pocahontas
•Developed high grade tobacco
•Gave England a reason to care about America
Bacon’s Rebellion•1676
•By 1670 ¼ of free white men were former servants.
•Resented land owners
•Lost the rebellion, but forced laws to change.
New England Colonies
• Massachusetts
• New Hampshire
• Rhode Island
• Connecticut
Why Come?
• These settlers came here mostly for religious freedom.
• Highly religious people.
Subsistence Farming•Growing mainly just enough for your family.
•Sell very little of what you grow
Staple Crops• Crops that are a main
part of the diet– Corn is a prime
example
Town Hall Meetings•Close communities.
•Town meetings to settle problems.
•Met in the Church
Puritan Theocracy
• Church is political
• Punishments come from the Bible
Middle Colonies
• New York• Pennsylvania• Delaware• New Jersey
The Middle Colonies/ Jobs
•Most of the Craftsman and merchant traders came from here.
•Still had some slaves.
Religion• Had religious freedom
throughout• Pennsylvania mostly
Quaker though – William Penn
Why Come?
• Came here for both religious freedom and Jobs/Money
Southern Colonies
• Maryland
• Virginia
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia
Importance of Land•Land determines social position. You own land you have power.
•Voting restricted to white male land owners
Commercial Farmers
• Had large farms (plantations) for the purpose of making money.
Cash Crops• Crops that are highly
profitable
Why Come?• Came here for the
purpose of making money
• Land = Power and Money
Charter
A legal document that gives you rights to the land.
Colony
A distant area that is controlled by the home country.
Market
A place to buy and sale goods.
The goal of the Colonies was to create a market for English goods.
Indentured Servant
Work for a term of time and then receive your freedom.
Free trip to the Colonies
Apprentice
Training to become a master craftsman. Work for little or no pay and then you start your own business.
Triangular Trade•Columbian Exchange
•Trading goods between 3 ports.
Plantations•Had to have many slaves to operate.
•Cash crops-crops raised for trade, not consumption. This is industrial agriculture.
Slavery Plantations and Commercial farming led to the need for free labor.
This is a part of the Triangular Trade
Called the Middle Passage
First African Slaves in America were in 1619
Push/Pull Factors
Pull- Good things that draw you to an area.
Push- Bad things that make you leave.
Puritans Wanted to “purify,” clean up the Church of England. They were forced to leave England.
Pilgrims
People that left England for a new home and religious freedom in 1620.
They are Puritans.
Great Migration
Pilgrims leaving England for religious freedom in the mid 1600’s
Trade
The job in which you do or exchanging goods.
The Great Awakening
A religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730’s
and 1740’s
Why is it important
• Changed colonial religion• Affected social and political life• Drew people of diff’t regions, classes and
races together• This is one of the few times people from
diff’t colonies exchanged ideas• People were introduced to new ideas,
colonies with less political freedom were introduced to more democratic systems
Enlightenment
A movement that took place during the 1700’s that spread the idea that reason
and logic could improve society
Why is it important
• Ideas of the Enlightenment influenced colonial leaders
• John Locke’s social contract theory – which stated there was a contract between gov’t and citizens
• Also said people had natural rights such as equality and liberty
King Phillip’s War
A conflict that started in 1675 between the Wampanoag, led by Metacomet (also known
as King Phillip) and colonists who wanted Indian lands. Ended in 1676, after 600
colonists and nearly 3,000 Indians had died
Why is it important
• Alliances developed among the colonists and certain Native groups, such as the Iroquois League, and they fought with the colonists against Metacomet.
French and Indian War
War fought between the French and their native allies and the English and their native allies over land in the Ohio
River Valley
Why is it important
• England and the colonists won the war
• Treaty of Paris was signed
• Benjamin Franklin came up with the Albany Plan of Union
• Tried to unite the colonies for the first time
• Didn’t pass, local governments and peoples didn’t want to give up power
Franklin’s political cartoon
Treaty of Paris
Treaty that ended the French and Indian War
Why is it important
• The treaty gave Canada to Britain• Britain also gained all French lands east of
the Mississippi River with the exception of the city of New Orleans and two small islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
• Britain also received Florida from Spain, who had allied with France
• Changed the balance of power in N.A. Opened up the west to British settlers
Pontiac and his Rebellion
Pontiac was an Ottawa chief who had fought with France, he tried to keep British settlers from coming west. His rebellion started in 1763 within a month he had destroyed or
captured 7 British forts. Surrendered in 1766
PONTIAC = DETROIT
Why is it important
• Britain was scared more fighting would take place if colonists kept moving west
• King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763 – this law banned British settlement west of the Appalachian mountains, and ordered settlers to leave the upper Ohio River valley
• The Proclamation angered colonists and went mostly ignored by them
Navigation Acts
A series of laws passed by the British Parliament between 1650-
1696 limiting colonial trade
Why is it important
• These acts did such things as forbade colonists from trading with other countries
• Required them to use English ships to transport goods
• Required all good to pass through English ports and pay duties or taxes
John Peter Zenger Case
• Officials arrested Zenger claiming he printed false statements about the Gov. of New York thus damaging the Governor’s reputation
• Zenger’s attorney argued that Zenger could publish anything he wanted as long as it was true
Why is it important
• The jury sided with Zenger and his attorney
• This shows that colonists believed that people had a right to voice their opinions and ideas openly without the threat of prosecution.
• This concept would later be guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.