seven contemporary plays from the korean diaspora in the americas edited by esther kim lee

7/31/2019 Seven Contemporary Plays from the Korean Diaspora in the Americas edited by Esther Kim Lee

1/24

SJXJB CGBUJD_G]A]^ _IA^S

H]GD ULJ FG]JAB ENAS_G]A

NB ULJ ADJ]NCAS

JENUJE A BE PNUL A B NBU]G EZCUNG B M^ J S U L J ] F N D I J J


2/24

Sjxjb Cgbujdpg}a}~ pia~S

h}gd ulj Fg}jab EnaSpg}a

nb ulj adj}nCaS

J e n u J e a b e p n u l a b n b u } g e z c u n g b m ~ j S u l j } F n d i j j

Ezfj Zbnxj}snu~ _}jss

Ez}lad abe Igbegb

=?1=


3/24

=?1= Ezfj Zbnxj}snu~ _}jss

Lnsug}~ Fm~ Jepa}e Mgf Ijj 1>>> Lnsug}njs m~ Kzina Clg =??5

Adj}ncab Lab`ap m~ Iig~e Szl =??0

Lgb`mz abe Bgimz; Ulj Uaij gh ulj Da`nc _zdpfnbs

m~ Kjab ^ggb =??:

^n Sab` Cgzbus ug Uln}ujjb m~ Szb` ]bg =???

Saujiinujs m~ Enaba Sgb =??8

Dnba m~ F~gzb` L" _a}f =??5

Aii }n`lus }jsj}xje"

_}nbuje nb ulj Zbnuje Suaujs gh Adj}nca gb acne$h}jj aj} Ejsn`bje m~ Ad~ ]zul Mzclabab

U~jsju nb Dnbngb abe Iaug m~ Usjb` Nbhg}daungb S~sujds) Nbc"

Inm}a}~ gh Cgb`}jss Cauaig`nb`$nb$_zmincaungb Eaua aja} gb

ulj iasu }nbuje a`j gh ulns mggf"

H}gbunsnjcj; _lgug gh ulj =??> }gezcungb gh Szb` ]bgs

^n Sab` Cgzbus ug Uln}ujjb nb Sjgzi) Fg}ja" _lgug m~

Kgb` L~zb Sjg"


4/24

Hg} D~ Eaz`luj}s


5/24

cgbuJbus

| Acfbgpije`djbus

| Nbu}gezcungb

1 Jepa}e Mgf Ijj) Lnsug}~ F

=1 Kzina Clg)>> Lnsug}njs

: Szb` ]bg) ^n Sab` Cgzbus ug Uln}ujjb

=50 Enaba Sgb) Saujiinujs

3=1 F~gzb` L" _a}f)Dnba


6/24

acfbgpiJe`dJbus

Jenunb` a cgiijcungb ns u}zi~ a cgiiamg}aunxj jbuj}}nsj" Ulns abulgig`~ cgzie

bgu laxj mjjb gssnmij pnulgzu ulj ia~p}n`lus) uljn} a`jbus) abe cgiija`zjs

plg }gxneje `jbj}gzs szg}u" N pgzie aisg infj ug ulabf d~ j}snsujbu }j$

sja}cl assnsuabus) Sabe}a Ijj) Dnba Sglak) abe ^gzb`kn Kjgb) plg assnsuje dj

au jxj}~ sua`j gh ulj }gkjcu" Dab~ ulabfs `g ug Dnba hg} lj} ulg}gz`l }jae$

nb` gh sc}nus abe hg} lj} g}`abn{je djulge nb gmuanbnb` nbhg}daungb" Sjcnai

ulabfs a}j ezj ulj Asnab Adj}ncab Suzenjs _}g`}ad au ulj Zbnxj}snu~ gh Niinbgns

au Z}maba$Cladan`b ,. hg} ulj Ad~ Inb` ]jsja}cl @}abu ulau szg}uje

ulns }gkjcu" Ulj Eja}udjbu gh Uljau}j abe ulj Cgiij`j gh Hnbj abe Ainje

A}us au aisg }gxneje babcnai abe nbujiijcuzai szg}u" N gpj dzcl `}aun$

uzej ug Faul~ _j}fnbs) plg `zneje dj h}gd ulj sua}u abe `jbj}gzsi~ abspj}je

aii d~ qzjsungbs gb jenunb` a ia~ abulgig`~" Au Ezfj Zbnxj}snu~ _}jss) Cgz}ubj~

Mj}`j}s jbcgz}a`jdjbu abe aexncj `axj dj ulj dgunxaungb abe suadnba ug cgd$

ijuj ulj cgiijcungb" Slj abe lj} cgiija`zj Cl}nsunbj Clgn laxj mjjb d~ a}u$

bj}s nb dafnb` ulns cgiijcungb cgdj ug inhj" Ul}jj }jxnjpj}s }gxneje nbxaizamij

cgddjbus as ulj abulgig`~ jxgixje ul}gz`l sjxj}ai e}as) abe N ulabf uljd hg}

ljinb` dj `}gzbe ulj nbu}gezcungb uljg}juncaii~ abe lnsug}ncaii~" Dab~ ulabfs

`g gzu ug aii Fg}jab enasg}nc ia~p}n`lus plg `jbj}gzsi~ sjbu uljn} sc}nus ug

dj" Jxjb uljn} ia~s ulau a}j bgu nbcizeje lj}j nbhg}dje dj `}jaui~) abe N lgj

ulj~ sjj jclgjs gh uljn} pg}f nb ulns cgiijcungb" Hnbaii~) d~ }jaujsu ulabfs `g ug

ulj sjxjb hjauz}je ia~p}n`lus plg laxj pg}fje pnul dj aunjbui~ ul}gz`l ulns

igb` }gcjss" Uljn} pg}es cgbunbzj ug dgxj dj) abe N lgj ulj da`nc gh uljn}

ia~s pnii ugzcl dab~ gulj} sgzis ul}gz`lgzu ulj enasg}a abe mj~gbe"


7/24

nbu}gezcungb

Nb =??? ulj Jasu Pjsu _ia~j}s ,. nb Igs Ab`jijs }gezcje ulj Fg}jab

Adj}ncab ia~p}n`lu Jznkggb Fnds bjp ia~D~ Un}je M}gfj Ass _gbuncau$

nb` Siapsuncf Hzbf) plncl }j}jsjbuje a bjp en}jcungb hg} ulj " As ulj }j$

dnj} Asnab Adj}ncab uljauj} cgdab~) pas fbgpb hg} nus igb` assgcna$

ungb pnul Inuuij Ugf~g) a Kaabjsj Adj}ncab cgddzbnu~ nb Igs Ab`jijs) abe

nus ig~ai szmsc}nmj}s cgbsnsuje dgsui~ gh giej} Kaabjsj Adj}ncabs" Pnul Fnds

}gxgcaunxj ia~) ulj cgdab~ andje ug }jacl gzu ug bjp azenjbcjs) jsjcnaii~

ulgsj gh ulj ~gzb`j} `jbj}aungb nb Fg}jaugpb ac}gss ulj cnu~" Ulj uljauj} c}nunc

Kzing Da}unbj{ ejsc}nmje ulj ia~ as }j}jsjbuaunxj gh a xnm}abu mzu jdm}~gbnc

cziuz}j su}z``inb` ug jsuaminsl nus gpb nejbunu~ gzu gh ulj d~}nae nbzjbcjs ulau

a}j cgbsuabui~ mgdma}enb` nu"

Au ulj undj) N pas nb Igs Ab`jijs ug auujbe a abji ensczssngb gb ulj hzuz}j

gh Asnab Adj}ncab e}ada abe ug nbuj}xnjp Asnab Adj}ncab uljauj} a}unsus" N

aisg lae a j}sgbai nbxjsudjbu nb Fnds ia~" As a Fg}jab Adj}ncab gh ulj jb$

j}aungb Fnd p}nujs amgzu) N pabuje ug sjj plau lj lae ug sa~ amgzu ulj en}jc$

ungb gh ulj jdj}`nb` cziuz}j cziunxauje nb Fg}jaugpb" N `}jp z nb Sgzulj}b

Cainhg}bna abe }jcg`bn{je lns cla}acuj}s abe uljn} nsszjs" Fnd pas aisg a ab$

jinsu) abe N pabuje ug lja} plau lj lae ug sa~"

Ije m~ Aincj Uzab) ulj abji nbcizeje dg}j jsuaminslje p}nuj}s szcl as

Sabe}a Usnb` Igl abe Cla~ jp" As ulj ~gzb`jsu djdmj} gh ulj abji) Fnd pas

j|jcuje ug sjaf hg} ulj bjp `jbj}aungb gh Asnab Adj}ncabs nb ulj upjbu~$

}su cjbuz}~ abe ug a}uncziauj ulj sn`bncabcj gh lns ia~" Nbsujae) Fnd uggf a

ba gbsua`j) g} au ijasu daej nu iggf as nh lj pas" Plnij ulj gulj} p}nuj}s gb ulj

abji sgfj) lj cigsje lns j~js) c}gssje lns a}ds) abe uniuje lns ljae plnij snu$

unb` nb lns clan}" Ulj azenjbcj nbnunaii~ iaz`lje au ulns) mzu pj sggb }jain{je lj

pas bgu gnb` ug sjaf au aii" ]jcaiinb` ulj jxjbu) Fnd sa~s ulau lj pas abbg~je

pnul ulj qzjsungbs lj }jcjnxje abe ene bgu ca}j hg} ulj gpj}~) gjunc AsnabAdj}ncab ugnc" Mg}je) ab`}~) abe abbg~je) Fnd }jdanbje gbsua`j as a bgb$


8/24

nbu}gezcungb

| a}uncnabu" Lns j}hg}dabcj pas nb sua}f cgbu}asu ug ulj ginuj azenjbcj abe

lns hjiigp abjinsus plg }jdanbje ul}gz`lgzu ulj ensczssngb" Nb gbj sjbsj) au

ijasu) ulj lae guujb nus pnsl; ulj cgdab~ pabuje ug }jmji aànbsu nus gpb

u}aenungb) abe ulj }jmji pas inuj}aii~ gbsua`j" As N sau nb ulj azenjbcj) N pauclje

Fnd abe ulgz`lu amgzu plau ulj dgdjbu sn`bnje" Dab~ cgda}je Jznkggb

Fnd ug H}abf Clnb) ulj ncgbnc Clnbjsj Adj}ncab ia~p}n`lu plg ejmzuje nb

Adj}ncab uljauj} nb 1>0= pnul ulj ia~ Clncfjbcggp Clnbadab" Ulj l~j}$

dasczinbj ab`j} ugpa}e sgcnju~ abe a sjbsj gh ~gzulhzi ab`su pj}j ulj gmxngzs

gnbus gh cgda}nsgb) mzu Fnd) zbinfj ulj igqzacngzs Clnb) lae bgu `z}je

gzu a pa~ ug xj}maii~ j|}jss lns h}zsu}aungbs" Fnd) a ~gzb` Fg}jab Adj}ncab

h}gd Fg}jaugpb) pas gzu gh iacj nb Inuuij Ugf~g) abe ulj dakg}nu~ gh ulj cgb$

hj}jbcj auujbejjs ene bgu zbej}suabe lns pg}ie" Nb =???) a Fg}jab Adj}ncab

ia~p}n`lu lae dzcl j|iabaungb ug eg mjhg}j lj cgzie ujii lns sug}~) abe Fnd

pas sunii su}z`ìnb` ug be lns xgncj as a ia~p}n`lu"

Jznkggb Fnd ns gbj gh plau N caii ulj Fg}jab enasg}nc ia~p}n`lus) sgdj

gh plgsj ia~s a}j }j}jsjbuje nb ulns cgiijcungb" Au ulj eapb gh ulj bjp dni$

ijbbnzd) gbi~ a labehzi gh ia~s amgzu ulj Fg}jab enasg}a nb ulj Adj}ncas

lae mjjb p}nuujb) abe ia~p}nunb` pas bgu a cgddgb clgncj gh }ghjssngb" Mzu

pnulnb ujb ~ja}s) uljauj} lae auu}acuje a `}gpnb` bzdmj} gh uaijbuje p}nuj}s

plg zsje ulj sua`j ug e}adaun{j abe c}~suaiin{j ulj pg}ie ulj~ fbgp" Ulj~ a}j

bg igb`j} snijbu abe ensiacje as ia~p}n`lus" ]aulj}) ulj~ cgddabe auujbungb)

abe ulj z}gsj gh ulns cgiijcungb ns ug cauz}j ulj qzainu~ abe e~badnsd gh ulj

p}nuj}s abe uljn} ia~s" Ulj cgiijcungb hjauz}js sjxjb cgbujdg}a}~ ia~s amgzu

ulj Fg}jab enasg}a) p}nuujb m~ Fg}jab enasg}nc ia~p}n`lus nb ulj Adj}ncas"

Nbcizeje a}j xj hzii$ ijbùl ia~s abe upg gbj$acus6 ulj p}nuj}s nbcizej gbj

h}gd Cabaea) gbj h}gd Clnij) abe xj h}gd ulj Zbnuje Suaujs" Ulj eaujs gh ulj

ia~s sab amgzu ujb ~ja}s snbcj ulj iauj 1>>?s) abe aii laxj }jcjnxje }ghjs$

sngbai }gezcungbs g} pg}fslgs" Ulj ia~s pj}j sjijcuje ca}jhzii~ ug ejdgb$

su}auj ulj xasu enxj}snu~ gh uljdjs abe su~ijs gh ia~p}nunb`) mzu ulj~ pj}j aisg

clgsjb ug }j}jsjbu cgddgb dgunhs nb ia~s amgzu ulj Fg}jab enasg}a nb ulj

Adj}ncas"

Fg}jab EnaSpg}a nb ulj adj}nCaS

Ulj l}asj Fg}jab enasg}a nb ulj Adj}ncas ns zsje m}gaei~ ug nbcizej

Fg}jab nddn`}abus abe uljn} ejscjbeabus nb ulj Zbnuje Suaujs) Cabaea) abeIaunb Adj}nca" Nu ns bgu djabu ug }jiacj julbnc g} cziuz}ai `}gznb`s szcl


9/24

nbu}ge

zcungb

|as Fg}jab Adj}ncab6 }aulj} nu hzbcungbs as ab nbcizsnxj uj}d ug }gxnej a

ljdnslj}nc j}sjcunxj gh Fg}jab nddn`}aungb abe enasg}nc lnsug}njs nb ulj

Adj}ncas" N zsj Fg}ja ug sn`bnh~ ulj jbun}j jbnbszia mjhg}j ulj Fg}jab Pa}

,1>:?:3.) mzu N aisg zsj nu nbuj}clab`jami~ pnul Sgzul Fg}ja ug }jhj} ug nus

lnsug}~ aj} ulj pa}" Aj} Pg}ie Pa} NN) ulj cgzbu}~ pas enxneje nbug Bg}ul

abe Sgzul) abe nddn`}aungb ug ulj Adj}ncas cadj dgsui~ h}gd Sgzul Fg}ja"

Mzu nddn`}aungb mj`ab ejcaejs ja}inj}" H}gd ulj }su ejcaej gh ulj upjbun$

jul cjbuz}~) Fg}jab iamg}j}s a}}nxje nb Lapann ug pg}f gb sz`a} iabuaungbs"

Abe sua}unb` nb ulj 1>8?s) nddn`}aungb iaps nb mgul ulj Adj}ncas abe Fg}ja

pj}j sn`bncabui~ jasje" Aj} 1>8:) ulj bzdmj} gh nddn`}abus `}jp j|gbjb$

unaii~) abe nu ns jsundauje ulau m~ 1>


10/24

nbu}gezcungb

| gzia} ~ju }jezcunxj ba}}aunxj gh sz}xnxai abe j}sjxj}abcj" Fg}jabs nb ulj

Zbnuje Suaujs abe jisjplj}j laxj mjjb ejsc}nmje as a su}gb` enasg}nc jgij

plg pgzie sac}ncj uljdsjixjs hg} ulj mjuuj}djbu gh uljn} clnie}jbs hzuz}j"

A haulj} pnul a cgiij`j jezcaungb h}gd a ug zbnxj}snu~ nb Fg}ja pgzie gpb a

spa$djju sug}j egpbugpb plnij lns pnhj pgzie ugni apa~ au a `a}djbu hac$

ug}~ }jcjnxnb` dnbndzd pa`j" Uljn} clnie}jb pgzie mj accjuje ug Nx~ Ija`zj

sclggis ug mjcgdj iap~j}s) egcug}s) abe jb`nbjj}s" Szcl nuj}aungbs gh ulj

Adj}ncab E}jad pgzie nbsn}j dg}j Fg}jabs ug ijaxj uljn} lgdjiabe" Nda`js

gh ulj m}gfjb dj}clabu h}gd ulj I"A" }ngus pj}j qzncfi~ }jiacje pnul ulgsj

gh szccjsshzi Fg}jab nddn`}abus ul}gz`lgzu ulj Adj}ncas" H}gd ginuncs ug

gzia} cziuz}j) ejscjbeabus gh Fg}jab nddn`}abus laxj mjjb xnsnmij h}gbu abe

cjbuj} abe gjb nb zbj|jcuje }ghjssngbs" Hg} nbsuabcj) nb ulj Zbnuje Suaujs)

ulj iap }ghjssg} Kglb ^gg mjcadj fbgpb hg} laxnb` azulg}je ulj dgsu cgb$

u}gxj}snai a}u gh ulj _au}ngu Acu ez}nb` ulj Mzsl aednbnsu}aungb" Kzb Clgn pas

jijcuje nb =??: as da~g} gh Jensgb) Bjp Kj}sj~" Nb Cabaea) ^gbal Fnd$Da}unb

mjcadj ulj }su Fg}jab Cabaenab ug lgie hjej}ai gcj" Nb gzia} cziuz}j) ulj

Cabaenab$mg}b acu}jss Sabe}a Gl pgb a @giejb @igmj Apa}e nb =??8) abe nb

=??< ^zi Fpgb mjcadj ulj pnbbj} gh ulj gzia} Adj}ncab ujijxnsngb slgp

Sz}xnxg}" Fg}jab Adj}ncab abe Fg}jab Cabaenab acug}s szcl as ^zbknb Fnd)

Kglb Clg) @}acj _a}f) abe Eabnji Eaj Fnd laxj ia~je dakg} }gijs nb ujij$

xnsngb slgps abe ids ulau laxj mjjb sjjb pg}iepnej" ^zbknb Fnd nb a}uncz$

ia} las lae u}absbaungbai szccjss m~ aja}nb` nb mgul Adj}ncab abe Fg}jab

}gezcungbs" Da}`a}ju Clg) pnul lj} mnunb` lzdg}) las mjjb }jcg`bn{je as gbj

gh ulj hzbbnjsu cgdjenabs nb ulj Zbnuje Suaujs" Nb inuj}auz}j) danbsu}jad c}nu$

ncs laxj uafjb bguncj gh p}nuj}s szcl as Clab`$]aj Ijj abe Dnb Knb Ijj" Ulj}j

ns aisg a `}gpnb` insu gh }ghjssngbai aulijujs pnul Fg}jab }ggus; Ab`jia _a}f

,`gih) M}a{ni.) Knd _ajf ,ncj lgcfj~) Cabaea.) abe Lnbjs Pa}e ,hggumaii) Zbnuje

Suaujs.) ug badj gbi~ a hjp" Ulj sjjdnb` szeejbbjss gh szcl cgiijcunxj aclnjxj$

djbus las ije dab~ ug pgbej} plau las lajbje snbcj ulj I"A" }ngus) pljb

ulj gzia} nda`j gh Fg}jabs pas ulau gh ejsj}auj) zbassndniauje nddn`}abus

plg lae igsu jxj}~ulnb`"

Hg} sjcgbe$`jbj}aungb Fg}jabs nb ulj Adj}ncas ,nbcizenb` ulgsj plg

pj}j mg}b nb Fg}ja abe nddn`}auje mjhg}j aeziulgge) sgdjundjs caiije ulj

1": `jbj}aungb.) gg}uzbnunjs hg} szccjss a}j amzbeabu cgda}je ug ulgsj

gh uljn} a}jbus `jbj}aungb) abe dab~ laxj uafjb hzii aexabua`j gh nu" Mzu

}jsja}cl nb ulj sgcnai scnjbcjs las aisg slgpb ulau ba}}aunxjs gh nddn`}abuszccjss eg bgu }jxjai ulj hzii ncuz}j gh ulj Fg}jab enasg}nc lnsug}~ nb ulj


11/24

nbu}ge

zcungb

|Adj}ncas" Hg} jxj}~ szccjss sug}~) ulj}j ns ab zbszccjsshzi abe jxjb u}a`nc gbj"

Nbejje) ulj gzia} nda`js ujii gbi~ ulj dgsu xnsnmij a}u gh ulj sug}~) mzu ulj

Fg}jab enasg}nc cgddzbnunjs nb ulj Adj}ncas a}j xasui~ cgdij| abe cgbu}a$

encunb`" Pnul ulj nbc}jasj nb gziaungb abe enxj}snu~) ejbnungbs gh szccjss

abe nejbunu~ laxj xa}nje) abe ulj}j ns bg igb`j} a cija} auuj}b ug snb`zia}i~

ejsc}nmj ulj Fg}jab enasg}a nb ulj Adj}ncas"

Cgdincaunb` ulj nbenxnezai aclnjxjdjbus gh ulj sjcgbe `jbj}aungb las

mjjb plau ns cgddgbi~ fbgpb as laii~z) g} ulj Fg}jab Paxj) plncl las daej

gzia} Sgzul Fg}jab jbuj}uanbdjbu haslngbamij nb Asna abe mj~gbe" Hg} j|$

adij) ulj snb`j} ]anb j}hg}dje nb Daensgb Sqza}j @a}ejb ug sgie$gzu azen$

jbcjs) abe Sgzul Fg}jab ujijxnsngb sga gj}as laxj nbsn}je pgdjb nb Sgzul$

jasu Asna ug zbej}`g cgsdjunc sz}`j}~ ug iggf Fg}jab" Sjcgbe$`jbj}aungb

Fg}jabs nb ulj Adj}ncas laxj pnubjssje ulj `igmai }jbanssabcj gh ulj Fg}jab

cziuz}j ez}nb` ulj asu ejcaej" Ulj ensunbcungb mjupjjb Fg}jab abe am}gae

las aii mzu mjjb j}asje pnul ulj Nbuj}bju) saujiinuj ujijxnsngb) abe `igmai id

ensu}nmzungb" Nb uljauj}) dzsncais szcl as Ulj Iasu Jdp}jss abe Babua laxj

ugz}je nbuj}baungbaii~ abe }jcjnxje }jcg`bnungb hg} c}jaunb` nbuj}cziuz}ai hg}ds

gh uljau}ncai j|}jssngb" Ulj szeejb gzia}nu~ gh laii~z las mjjb sjjb as a

m~$}gezcu gh ulj jqzaii~ szeejb }nsj gh ulj Sgzul Fg}jab jcgbgd~) plncl

las `}gpb h}gd aidgsu bgulnb` ug a u}niingb Z"S" egiia}s nb ijss ulab laih a

cjbuz}~" Ulj Sgzul Fg}jab jcgbgd~) ejsc}nmje as ulj Dn}acij gb ulj Lab

]nxj}) bgp }abfs jjbul nb ulj pg}ie" Nb ulj 1>>?s) Sgzul Fg}ja pas gbj

gh ulj Asnab un`j}s }jcg`bn{je hg} j|u}ag}enba}~ jcgbgdnc `}gpul" Pljb

ulj xasu dakg}nu~ gh Fg}jab nddn`}abus ij hg} ulj Adj}ncas nb ulj 1>0?s abe

1>


12/24

nbu}gezcungb

| Accg}enb`i~) ulj uj}d enasg}a las mjjb zsje ug sn`bnh~ a sjbsj gh ej$

cjbu}ain{je cziuz}ai nejbunu~) gbj ulau }jqzn}js a bjp sju gh qzjsungbs abe ej$

sc}nug}s" Ulj a}adjuj}s ulau `znej nejbunu~ hg}daungbs a}j bgu indnuje m~

baungblgge g} julbnc jbciaxjs" ]aulj}) ulj Fg}jab enasg}nc cgddzbnunjs laxj

mjjb nbzjbcje m~ bjp hg}ds gh dgmninu~ abe }gznb`s" Mg}}gpnb` h}gd ulj

cziuz}ai c}nuncs Fabencj Clzl abe Fa}jb Slndafapa) ulj cgbcju gh Fg}jab

enasg}a jxgfjs dziunij igcaungbs abe dgxjdjbus abe ljsnuaujs ug | nusjih

as suaunc jnsujdgig`ncai gmkjcu" Plnij bjnulj} suaunc bg} |je) Fg}jab enas$

g}a as mgul cgbcju abe ljbgdjbgb cab bjxj}uljijss mj gmsj}xje) egcz$

djbuje) nda`nbje) abe }j}jsjbuje" Ulj ia~s nb ulns cgiijcungb }jdnbe zs ulau

ulj Fg}jab enasg}nc cgbenungb}jai g} nda`nbjecab mj daej fbgpb"

Fg}jab EnaSpg}a pia~S

Hg} ulns cgiijcungb N laxj sjijcuje ia~s ulau laxj mjjb }jsjbuje ug azenjbcjs

nb hzii~ }gezcje hg}ds g} nb }jaenb` pg}fslgs" Ulj }gcjss gh }gezcnb`

a ia~ las nus gpb nbuj}bai ginuncs abe }jqzn}js ulj cgiiamg}aungb gh dab~

jgij) nbcizenb` ejsn`bj}s) acug}s) en}jcug}s) e}adauz}`s) }gezcj}s) abe

daba`j}s" _ia~p}n`lus bjje a szg}unxj cgddzbnu~ abe plau ]ncf Slngdn)

a Kaabjsj Cabaenab en}jcug}) ejsc}nmjs as a uljau}ncai nbh}asu}zcuz}j" Ulj

nbh}asu}zcuz}j }gxnejs ulj hgzbeaungb hg} uljauj} a}unsus ug be uljn} bnclj

abe xgncj) abe) hg} ~gzb` e}adaunsus) benb` ulj }n`lu cgddzbnu~ ns gjb

ulj fj~ ug dafnb` uljn} pg}f xnsnmij" Nb ulj Zbnuje Suaujs) ulj danb uljau}n$

cai nbh}asu}zcuz}j ulau las szg}uje Fg}jab enasg}nc p}nuj}s las mjjb Asnab

Adj}ncab uljauj}" As N ejsc}nmj nbA Lnsug}~ gh Asnab Adj}ncab Uljau}j ,=??8.)

a `}gz gh Asnab Adj}ncab acug}s) ia~p}n`lus) abe en}jcug}s sua}uje a dgxj$

djbu nb ulj 1>8?s abe 1>0?s m~ hg}dnb` uljauj} cgdabnjs) }gezcnb` bjp

ia~s) abe aexgcaunb` jqzai gg}uzbnu~ nb Adj}ncab uljauj}" Nb 1>8:) ulj

,Igs Ab`jijs.) ulj }su Asnab Adj}ncab uljauj} cgdab~) pas hgzbeje) abe

gulj}s hgiigpje nb Bjp ^g}f Cnu~) Sab H}abcnscg) abe Sjauuij" Ulj}j a}j bgp

gxj} hg}u~ acunxj Asnab Adj}ncab abe Asnab enasg}nc uljauj} cgdabnjs abe

`}gzs a}gzbe ulj cgzbu}~"

Gxj} ulj asu ~ ~ja}s) Asnab Adj}ncab uljauj}) pnul nus ab$julbncaii~

hg}dje nbh}asu}zcuz}j) las }gxneje mgul sacj abe iamg} hg} dab~ Fg}jab

Adj}ncab ia~p}n`lus ug ejmzu uljn} pg}f" Ulj laxj lae ulj igb`jsu lns$

ug}~ gh }gezcnb` ia~s p}nuujb m~ Fg}jab g} Fg}jab Adj}ncab p}nuj}s" Sggb$Ujf Gl) ab acug} abe cghgzbej} gh ulj ) lae ul}jj ia~s }gezcje ez}nb`


13/24


14/24

nbu}gezcungb

| nsd) abe hjdnbnsd nb ulj dgsu en}jcu abe masnc pa~s mjcazsj ulj~ lae ug jez$

cauj ulj azenjbcj plg fbjp xj}~ inuuij amgzu Asnab Adj}ncabs" _ia~s m~ uljsj

p}nuj}s) nbcizenb` H}abf Clnb) Pafafg adazcln) Eaxne Ljb}~ Lpab`) _lniin

Fab @guabea) abe Xjinba Lasz Lgzsugb) laxj ejbje ulj z}gsj abe j|jc$

uaungb gh Asnab Adj}ncab e}ada"

Ulj ia~p}n`lus nb ulns cgiijcungb laxj dgxje mj~gbe ulj ginuncai cgb$

scngzsbjss gh ulj 1>8?s abe 1>0?s abe ulj cziuz}j pa} gh ulj 1>


15/24

nbu}ge

zcungb

||ulj Zbnuje Suaujs) abe ulgsj plg sua~je nb Cabaea ejbje uljn} pg}f dg}j

m}gaei~ as dziuncziuz}ai" Hg} nbsuabcj) Calggus Uljau}j _}gkjcu ,Ug}gbug. las

ia~je a sn`bncabu }gij nb }gdgunb` enxj}snu~ nb Cabaenab uljauj}) abe dab~

Asnab Cabaenab a}unsus laxj daej nu uljn} lgdj" Plnij ulj bzdmj} las mjjb

sdaii) Fg}jab Cabaenab ia~p}n`lus szcl as Kjab ^ggb abe D" K" Fab` laxj

ia~je cjbu}ai }gijs nb ulj ejxjigdjbu gh cgbujdg}a}~ Cabaenab uljauj}"

Mgul uljsj pgdjb laxj cgiiamg}auje nb dziunij }gkjcus abe acuje nb jacl

gulj}s ia~s" Fab`s Bg}ab Mab`; ^jiig ]ggd ,1>>3. }jdnj}je au Calggus

Uljau}j _}gkjcu plnij ^ggb pas ulj cg$a}unsunc en}jcug} gh ulj cgdab~" Nb hacu)

Fab`s ia~ ns gbj gh ulj ja}injsu p}nuujb nb ulj Adj}ncas ug aee}jss ulj sjc$

gbe `jbj}aungbs j|j}njbcjs gh ensiacjdjbu abe nejbunu~ c}nsns" Gh ^ggbs

ia~s) Ulj gfg Gbg _}gkjculas }jcjnxje auujbungb as gbj gh ulj dgsu ensczssje

}gkjcus nb cgbujdg}a}~ Cabaenab uljauj}" Cabaea las a zbnqzj lnsug}~ gh

`gxj}bdjbu$ije jg}us ug }gdguj dziuncziuz}ainsd) abe mgul ^ggb abe Fab`

laxj mjjb au ulj hg}jh}gbu gh c}jaunb` abe ejbnb` mgul Asnab Cabaenab ulj$

auj} abe Cabaenab dziuncziuz}ai uljauj}"

Zbinfj ulj Zbnuje Suaujs abe Cabaea) Iaunb Adj}nca las bgu mjjb suzenje

j|ujbsnxji~ hg} nus Fg}jab enasg}nc cgddzbnunjs" Gbj }jasgb ns ulj sdaiij} nd$

dn`}aungb gziaungb s}jae gxj} dab~ enj}jbu cgzbu}njs) plncl cab dafj

`jbj}ain{aungb encziu" Abgulj} }jasgb las ug eg pnul iab`za`j accjss abe ulj

}jhj}jbcj gh mgul Fg}jab abe Bg}ul Adj}ncab sclgia}s ug zsj Jbìnsl nb uljn}

}jsja}cl" Nb uj}ds gh uljauj}) sja}clnb` hg} Fg}jab enasg}nc a}unsus ns a clai$

ijb`nb` uasf" _a}ui~ mjcazsj gh ulj cziuz}ai enj}jbcjs nb lgp uljauj} ns ejbje

abe }gezcje) ia~p}nunb` ns bgu ulj dgsu accz}auj pa~ ug az`j uljau}ncai ac$

unxnu~" Sc}nu$masje uljauj} ns) aj} aii) a Jz}gjab u}aenungb mjsu cgbunbzje nb

Bg}ul Adj}nca" Mjsnejs ulj Clnij$mg}b p}nuj} F~gzb` L" _a}f) plgsj gbj$acu

ia~Dnba ns nbcizeje nb ulns cgiijcungb) N ad bgu apa}j gh gulj} Iaunb Adj}ncab

ia~p}n`lus gh Fg}jab ejscjbu" Gh cgz}sj) ulns egjs bgu djab ulau ulj~ egbu

j|nsu" Hg} Jbìnsl$sjafnb` sclgia}s infj d~sjih) nu ns sndi~ jasnj} ug be ulgsj

infj _a}f) plg p}nujs nb Jbìnsl abe pg}fs nb ulj Zbnuje Suaujs" Aiulgz`l ulns

cgiijcungb }ggsjs ug }j}jsjbu ulj jbun}j ljdnslj}j gh ulj Adj}ncas) nu ae$

dnuujei~ cgdjs slg}u nb }gxnenb` dg}j j|adijs gh ia~s h}gd Iaunb Adj}nca"

Pnul ulns cgiijcungb) N lgj ug gjb ulj gssnmninu~ gh jdj}`nb` ia~p}n`lus nb

Bg}ul) Cjbu}ai) abe Sgzul Adj}nca ug enscgxj} jacl gulj} abe ug c}jauj a ulj$

au}ncai nbh}asu}zcuz}j ulau ns u}zi~ u}absbaungbai abe enasg}nc"

Nb clggsnb` ulj ia~s hg} ulns cgiijcungb) N lae ug j|cizej a bzdmj} gh pg}fsulau hzii~ ejsj}xj zmincaungb" Plnij nu las bgu mjjb jas~ ug dafj ulj bai


16/24

nbu}gezcungb

|| sjijcungb) N ad jbcgz}a`je ug sjj ulj sz}`j nb mgul bzdmj} abe qzainu~ gh

ia~s p}nuujb m~ p}nuj}s gh ulj Fg}jab enasg}a nb ulj Adj}ncas" Sgdj gh ulgsj

p}nuj}s nbcizej ^gzb` Kjab Ijj) Jznkggb Fnd) Fndmj} Ijj) D" K" Fab`) Nbs

Clgn) _lnin Clzb`) Dna Clzb`) Sz{abbj Ijj) Szsab Fnd) Kn L~zb Ijj) Bnc

Cla Fnd) _azi Kzlb) _auu~ Kab`) Faunj Laj Ijg) abe _azi Ijj" Ulj dakg}nu~ gh

uljsj p}nuj}s a}j Z"S"$masje) abe sgdj laxj igb` mjjb assgcnauje pnul sjcnc

uljauj} cgdabnjs) as nb ulj casj gh _lnin Clzb` abe ulj Igejsugbj Uljau}j

Cgdab~ nb Igs Ab`jijs" Ulj}j a}j aisg a cgzij gh Fg}jab aegujj p}nuj}s

,Fndmj} Ijj abe Faunj Laj Ijg. plg a}j mj`nbbnb` ug }jcjnxj }ghjssngbai

}gezcungbs gh uljn} ia~s" ^gzb` Kjab Ijj) nb a}unczia}) las jdj}`je as a

dakg} ia~p}n`lu nb Adj}ncab uljauj} pnul apa}e$pnbbnb` ia~s abe lj} gpb

cgdab~) ^gzb` Kjab Ijjs Uljauj} Cgdab~" Slj las mjjb }jcg`bn{je as gbj

gh ulj dgsu j|j}ndjbuai ia~p}n`lus gh Adj}ncab uljauj}) abe c}nuncs laxj

ejsc}nmje lj} ia~s as mgul szmxj}snxj abe hzbb~" Dgsu gh lj} ia~s eg bgu

ejai en}jcui~ pnul Fg}jab enasg}nc ugncs) mzu ulj gbj ulau egjsSgb` gh ulj

E}a`gb Hi~nb` ug Ljaxjbns a ka}}nb` uafj gb lj} enscgdhg}u abe ab|nju~ nb

p}nunb` ab nejbunu~ ia~" A cgiijcungb gh lj} pg}f) Sgb`s gh ulj E}a`gb Hi~nb`

ug Ljaxjb abe Gulj} _ia~s ,=??>.) ns ulj }su snb`ij$azulg}je e}ada abulgig`~

m~ a Fg}jab Adj}ncab p}nuj}"

Fg}jab enasg}nc ia~s) as a `}gz) xa}~ nddjbsji~ nb uj}ds gh sjcnc

cla}acuj}s) sjuunb`s) igus) abe enaig`zjs" Sgdj cla}acuj}s a}j assndniauje

sjcgbe$`jbj}aungb cgiij`j suzejbus plg u}~ ug acu infj uljn} plnuj h}njbes) plnij

gulj}s a}j }su$`jbj}aungb e}~ cijabj}s inxnb` gzu ulj suj}jgu~ncai nddn`}abu

inhj" Sgdj ia~s a}j sju nb Fg}jaugpbs plnij gulj}s uafj iacj nb ulj dneeij gh

Uj|as g} ab amsu}acu igcaungb" Plnij dgsu ia~s a}j p}nuujb nb ulj }jainsunc su~ij)

a sug}~ cab aisg uafj iacj jbun}ji~ nb a cla}acuj}s ljae" Abe jxj}~ cla}acuj}

sjafs nb enj}jbu pa~s}ab`nb` h}gd Sgzulj}b Cainhg}bna Xaiij~$sjaf ug

dziuninb`zai `nmmj}nsl" Lgpjxj}) ulj}j a}j sjxj}ai }jcz}}nb` uljdjs abe c}nun$

cai nsszjs sn`bncabu jbgz`l ug dj}nu a suze~ gh ulj ia~s as a `}gz"

Ulj pg}e enasg}a) plncl inuj}a}ni~ djabs scauuj}nb`) jxgfjs a sjbsj gh

ensiacjdjbu abe igss as pjii as aeaungb abe sz}xnxai" Ulj }jcz}}nb` uljdjs

abe nsszjs nb ulj ia~s ej}nxj h}gd szcl ensj}sje sjbsj gh j|nsujbcj" Au ulj

sadj undj) ulj j|nsujbcj ns e~badnc abe cgbsuabui~ clab`nb`" Sgcnai scnjbunsus

]lacji S" _a}}jas abe Igf C" E" Snz) nb ejbnb` Asnab enasg}a) p}nuj) Mjnb`

enasg}nc }jqzn}js cgbunbzai }j}gezcungb gh cj}uanb cgbenungbs abe nejbunca$

ungbs" Ulj ia~s a}j jssjbunaii~ amgzu szcl cgbunbzai }j}gezcungb) abe ulj


17/24

nbu}ge

zcungb

||enasg}nc cgbenungbs abe nejbuncaungbs a}j e}adaun{je pnul uljdjs gh mjigb`$

nb`) assndniaungb) hadni~) djdg}~) pa}) szccjss) abe julbnc nejbunu~"

Ulj dakg}nu~ gh ulj cla}acuj}s sjjf ug fbgp plj}j ulj~ mjigb` abe lgp ulj~

slgzie ejbj uljdsjixjs" Ulj clnie}jb gh nddn`}abus gjb ene bgu laxj a sa~

nb uljn} hadni~ ijaxnb` Fg}ja hg} abgulj} cgbunbjbu) abe ulj~ laxj encziu~ }j$

sgixnb` ulj jbg}dgzs abe sgdjundjs jdma}}assnb` enj}jbcjs mjupjjb uljn}

}su$`jbj}aungb a}jbus abe gulj} jgij nb uljn} sz}}gzbenb`s" Ulj~ da~ u}~

ug assndniauj abe mijbe nb) mzu ulj~ eg sg as a cgbsjqzjbcj gh igsnb` a a}u gh

uljdsjixjs" Uljn} hadni~ ujiis uljd ulj~ a}j bgu Fg}jab jbgz`l abe ulau ulj~

laxj assndniauje ugg dzcl" Ulj sgcnju~ au ia}`j ujiis uljd ulau ulj~ a}j ugg

Asnab) ugg Fg}jab) g} jxjb hg}jn`bj}s) abe uljn} h}njbes pabu uljd ug mj dg}j

ginuncai as Asnab Adj}ncabs) Asnab Cabaenabs) g} gulj} l~ljbauje nejbun$

j}s" Mzu ulj~ fbgp nb uljn} lja}us ulau }acj abe julbncnu~ eg bgu encuauj uljn}

inxjs" Ulj~ ijaxj uljn} hadni~) g} uljn} hadni~ ijaxjs uljd" Sgdj xnsnu Fg}ja ug

be a sjbsj gh mjigb`nb`) mzu ulj~ ijaxj ensniizsngbje abe igbjinj}" Ulj~ da~

iggf l~sncaii~ sndnia} ug jgij gb ulj su}jjus gh Sjgzi mzu iacf ulj iab`za`j

abe cziuz}ai hadnina}nu~ ug u}zi~ u nb" Sgdj }jain{j ulau ulj~ eg bgu mjigb` ab~$

plj}j) mzu ulj~ bjxj}uljijss cgbunbzj ug sjjf lgdj) lgpjxj} jizsnxj g} nda`n$

ba}~ nu da~ mj"

Ulj sjbsj gh mjigb`nb` ns bgu indnuje ug benb` a lgdj ulau da~ mj }j}j$

sjbuje pnul hadni~) lgdjiabe) azuljbuncnu~) g} assndniaungb" Dab~ ia~s ejai

pnul ulj }jssz}j ug szccjje babcnaii~ abe }ghjssngbaii~" Dauj}nai szccjss

ns j}cjnxje as ulj hasujsu abe sz}jsu pa~ ug aeau abe mjigb` nb a bjp sg$

cnju~) abe ulj ia~s g}u}a~ }su$`jbj}aungb cla}acuj}s sugnb` au bgulnb` hg}

uljn} clnie}jbs sgcnaii~ zpa}e dgmninu~" Ulj }su `jbj}aungb ij Fg}ja hg} a

mjuuj} inhj) abe ulj~ eg bgu pabu uljn} clnie}jb ug inxj ulj ejsj}auj inhj dab~

nb Fg}ja lae ug inxj aj} ulj Fg}jab Pa}" Ulj lnsug}~ gh ulj Kaabjsj gccz$

aungb gh Fg}ja) ulj Fg}jab Pa}) abe ulj Z"S" nbxgixjdjbu nb Fg}ja bjxj}

ensaja} as a macfe}g ug ulj clgncjs ulj cla}acuj}s dafj" Nb ulj bjp cgzb$

u}~) sgdj a}jbus szccjje abe mjcgdj pjaiul~) mzu uljn} clnie}jb sjj uljd as

dgbj~$gmsjssje canuainsus plg eg bgu fbgp ulj xaizj gh a pjii$maiabcje inhj"

Mzu nb dgsu casjs) ulj a}jbus eg bgu aclnjxj ulj nddn`}abus e}jad abe be

cgdhg}u nb clz}cljs) h}njbes) abe xnejgs gh Fg}jab sga gj}as" Ulj a}jbus

ndgssnmi~ ln`l j|jcuaungb hg} dauj}nai szccjss nbjxnuami~ ijaes ug a sjbsj gh

haniz}j hg} jxj}~gbj" Gb ulj gulj} labe) ulj sjcgbe `jbj}aungb ejais pnul da$

uj}nai szccjss nb xa}~nb` pa~s" A cla}acuj} da~ mjcgdj ab nbxjsudjbu mabfj}


18/24

nbu}gezcungb

|| abe }gzei~ ejcia}j ulau lj ns bgu infj lns haulj}) mzu abgulj} da~ cgbunbzj ug

pg}f nb ulj sdaii sug}j lj nblj}nus h}gd lns a}jbus" Jnulj} pa~) aii ulj cla}ac$

uj}s ejai pnul plau nu djabs ug szccjje abe lgp szccjss slgzie mj ejbje"

Ulj ia~p}n`lus aisg e}adaun{j ulj pa~s nb plncl `jbej} encuaujs lgp szc$

cjss ns djasz}je abe lgp ulj j|jcuaungbs hg} pgdjb enj} h}gd ulgsj hg}

djb" A hjdaij cla}acuj}s a}jbus ujacl lj} ulj `jbej} xaizjs uaz`lu m~ Cgb$

hzcnzs abe ujii lj} ug gmj~ uljd abe lj} lzsmabe" Slj ns ugie ug e}jss dgejsui~

abe ug hgczs gb benb` a `gge Fg}jab lzsmabe" Mzu slj bes Fg}jab djb zb$

auu}acunxj mjcazsj slj ulnbfs ulj~ cab }j}jss abe sunj lj} nbenxnezainu~ abe

h}jjegd" Gbj gh ulj dgsu cgddgb sug}njs nb ulj Fg}jab enasg}a e}ada ns ulj

dgulj}$eaz`luj} }jiaungbsln nb plncl ulj eaz`luj} bes bgb$ Fg}jab djb

auu}acunxj" _a}jbus) mzu dgulj}s nb a}unczia}) zbnxj}saii~ }j}jsjbu gbjs mng$

ig`ncai abe cziuz}ai }ggus) abe dgulj}s cgddgbi~ jdmge~ ulj gie cgzbu}~

jxjb nb ulj }gcjss gh uljn} }jkjcunb` nu" Uj}ds szcl as dgulj} iabe jdlasn{j

ulj pa~s nb plncl dgulj}s a}j nda`nbje nb ulj dnbes gh nddn`}abus" Pljb ulj

dgulj} ns ab nddn`}abu lj}sjih) slj aisg }j}jsjbus ulj clgncj ug sua}u ah}jsl

nb a bjp cgzbu}~" Nb Fg}jab enasg}a ia~s) ulj u}gj gh ulj dgulj}) ulj}j$

hg}j) hzbcungbs as a s~dmgi gh mgul ulj asu abe ulj hzuz}j" Abe ulj dgulj}$

eaz`luj} }jiaungbslns }jxjai gbj gh ulj dgsu cgdincauje ~ju dgsu cgddgb

asjcus gh ulj enasg}a" Ulj~ laxj gmxngzs igxj hg} jacl gulj} abe pabu ulj

mjsu hg} ulj gulj} j}sgb) mzu ulj~ a}j jbuab`ije nb a ejsu}zcunxj pjm gh cgbu}a$

encug}~ `gais abe bgungbs gh szccjss abe lanbjss"

Sug}njs gh szccjss abe haniz}j a}j cgdij| abe bjxj} dzuzaii~ j|cizsnxj nb

ulj ia~s" Dab~ cla}acuj}s lja} cgbu}aencug}~ djssa`js amgzu plau ns mjsu hg}

uljd" Sgdj m}jaf egpb s~clgig`ncaii~) plnij gulj}s cgbxj}u uljn} cgbhzsngb

nbug ab`j} ugpa}e uljn} a}jbus g} ulj sgcnju~" Ulj~ aisg uz}b ug uljn} pg}f) ug

uljn} clz}cl) ug aicglgi) g} ug a igxj} nb ab auujdu ug jscaj uljn} }jainu~" Mzu

plau dafjs jacl ia~ gpj}hzi abe dgxnb` ns ulj cla}acuj}s snbcj}j su}z``ij

ug be abspj}s abe ug dafj cgbbjcungbs pnul gulj}s" Ulj cla}acuj}s da~ bjxj}

be }jsgizungb) mzu ulj~ cgbunbzj ug jxgixj abe cgbu}nmzuj ug ulj cgiijcunxj j|$

ig}aungb"

Mzu ziundauji~) ia~s a}j inuj}a}~ pg}fs abe }gezcus gh ulj p}nuj}s nda`n$

baungb abe c}jaunxnu~" Lgp dzcl ulj ia~s }j}jsjbu }jainu~ ejjbes gb ulj

}jaej}s g} sjcuaug}s nbuj}}juaungb abe }jcjungb" Ulj dakg}nu~ gh ulj ia~$

p}n`lus laxj bjxj} mjjb ug Fg}ja) abe plau ulj~ fbgp gh Fg}jab lnsug}~ las

sdaii cgbsjqzjbcj ug uljn} jxj}~ea~ j|nsujbcj" Bgbj gh ulj ia~s nb ulns cgi$ijcungb nbujbes ug mj ab julbg`}alnc egczdjbuaungb gh ulj Fg}jab enasg}a"


19/24


20/24

nbu}gezcungb

|| a}j haziu~ abe zne) abe ulj~ aisg jxgixj gxj} undj" Clg ujiis plau ns nb dab~

pa~s a ciassnc dgulj}$eaz`luj} }jiaungbsln sug}~" Pljb Jzbncj) ulj eaz`luj})

slgps z }j`babu igb` aj} }zbbnb` apa~ h}gd lgdj) ulj dgulj}) Sal$Knb)

jbcgz}a`js lj} ug iggf hg}pa}e abe ug }jmznie lj} inhj" Mzu ulj eaz`luj} cab$

bgu dgxj gb pnulgzu benb` gzu amgzu ulj asu) jsjcnaii~ amgzu lj} dgulj}s

inhj nb Fg}ja abe lj} haulj}) plg enje am}zui~ nb Igs Ab`jijs" M~ nddn`}aunb`

ug ulj Zbnuje Suaujs) Sal$Knb auujduje ug hg}`ju mgul lj} j}sgbai asu abe

Fg}jas lnsug}~) abe Jzbncj }ab apa~ h}gd lj} dgulj} nb g}ej} ug jscaj lj}

clnielgge) mzu ulj~ ziundauji~ accju uljn} }jainunjs abe e}ap su}jbùl h}gd ulj

mgbe ulj~ laxj ug`julj}" Infj ulj gie lgug`}als Jzbncj bes) ulj ia~ ujiis

a dziunia~j}je sug}~ amgzu ulj jxjbus ulau `ju egczdjbuje abe }jdjdmj}je

abe ulj sjc}jus ulau `ju lneejb abe hg}`guujb" Pj }jdjdmj}je ulj p}gb`

djdg}njs) sa~s Jzbncj au ulj jbe gh ulj ia~) mzu nb jdm}acnb` ulau hacu) slj

cab baii~ sua}u ug be jacj"

Infj ulj hadni~ nb >> Lnsug}njs) ulj Clzb hadni~ nb Iig~e Szls Adj}ncab

Labàp las encziu~ sua~nb` ug`julj}" Pljb ulj haulj} }juz}bs h}gd Fg}ja

aj} jjb ~ja}s) lj ns ulj l~sncai }jnbca}baungb gh ulj asu djdg}njs ulj

hadni~ las }j}jssje abe hg}`guujb" Ulj enxg}cje pnhj abe ul}jj `}gpb clni$

e}jb u}~ ug zbej}suabe lgp ulj~ cabg} pgzie pabu ughzbcungb as a hadni~"

Ulj giejsu sgb) Eaxne) }jhzsjs ug cgdj lgdj ug cjijm}auj lns haulj}s labàp

,ulj sn|unjul mn}ulea~ }nuzai cjijm}aunb` ulj cgdijungb gh ulj Jasuj}b {genac."

Ulj pnhj) Da}~) ns ejsc}nmje as a dgej}b Asnab$Adj}ncab pgdab cgdhg}u$

ami~ assndniauje nb Uj|as" Plnij slj ns h}jj h}gd ab~ gminàungb as a pnhj) slj

lani~ }ja}js ulj hgge hg} lj} j|$lzsmabes mn}ulea~ a}u~" Ulj eaz`luj})

Jsulj}) ensa}gxjs gh lj} a}jbus) mzu ulj ~gzb`jsu gbj) ]ail) j|cnujei~ ac$

cjus ulj jsu}ab`je haulj}" Dnb Szf Clzb) ulj haulj} plg ejsc}nmjs lndsjih

as a cgpmg~) bes lanbjss abe }jejdungb pnul lns m}gfjb hadni~) mzu lns

clnie}jb bg igb`j} laxj }jasgbs ug sua~ lgdj" Ulj ia~ ujiis a Fg}jab Adj}n$

cab xj}sngb gh ulj Pnie Pjsu sug}~ pnul j}cji~ nbejjbejbu cla}acuj}s) igbj

pabej}j}s) abe sz}xnxg}s" Uljn} lzdg}gzs enaig`zjs abe c~bncai haaejs lnej

ejj ab`j} abe ensagnbudjbus) mzu ulj~ sgdjlgp cgbunbzj ug inxj gb"

Aii ulj ia~s nb ulj cgiijcungb ejai pnul d~uls nb a m}gae sjbsj" Pljulj} nu

ns ulj d~ul gh ulj Fg}jab hadni~) ulj Adj}ncab E}jad) g} ulj dgeji dnbg}nu~)

ulj ia~s ensdabuij j|jcuaungbs iacje gb Fg}jab nddn`}abus abe uljn} clni$

e}jb h}gd mgul nbuj}bai abe j|uj}bai sgz}cjs" Ulj ia~s ejdgbsu}auj ulj j|$

u}jdj ug plncl a d~ul cab mj }jnje abe ejsu}g~je" Ulj pg}ies c}jauje nbulj ia~s eg bgu }jsjdmij jxj}~ea~ }jainunjs) mzu ulj~ cab hzbcungb as amsu}acu


21/24

nbu}ge

zcungb

||a}amijs h}gd ulj Fg}jab enasg}a" Kjab ^ggbs Lgb`mz abe Bgimz; Ulj Uaij

gh ulj Da`nc _zdpfnbs ns ab aeauaungb gh gbj gh ulj dgsu cgddgbi~ fbgpb

Fg}jab hgifig}js" Clnie}jb nb Fg}ja `}gp z lja}nb` amgzu ulj upg m}gulj}s)

Lgb`mz abe Bgimz) plgsj sug}~ ujacljs uljd ug mj fnbe abe lgbjsu" ^ggbs

aeauaungb pas p}nuujb nbnunaii~ hg} ulj azenjbcj gh ulj Ig}}anbj Fndsa Uljau}j)

a uljauj} hg} ~gzb` jgij) nb Ug}gbug" Ulj }gezcungb m}gz`lu ug`julj} dab~

Fg}jab Cabaenab hadninjs) dab~ gh plgd auujbeje uljauj} hg} ulj }su undj nb

Cabaea" Mjcazsj gh ulj ia~s zsj gh Fg}jab e}zddnb`) dasf eabcj) abe iab$

`za`j) nu pas jbulzsnasuncaii~ }jcjnxje m~ ulj giej} jbj}aungb) abe ulj sjcnc

}jhj}jbcjs ug gzia} cziuz}j ,hg} j|adij) xnejg `adjs. daej ulj ia~ cgb$

ujdg}a}~ abe accjssnmij hg} ulj ~gzb`j} `jbj}aungb" Ulj ia~s gzia}nu~ cab

aisg mj j|ianbje m~ nus sjih$}jhj}jbunai lzdg} nb ulj su~ij gh mgul Fg}jab dasf

e}ada abe siasuncf cgdje~" Nb ab nd}gxnsaungbai dgej) acug}s clab`j cla}$

acuj}s nb h}gbu gh ulj azenjbcj abe ujii uljd plau lajbs bj|u" H}gd gbj j}$

sjcunxj) ulj ia~ ujiis a sndij abe nbbgcjbu d~ulncai sug}~) mzu h}gd abgulj})

nu ns a djua$uljau}ncai j|u}axa`ab{a hzii gh mn{a}}j habuasnjs abe ea}f lzdg}"

Ulnb`s uz}b jxjb dg}j mn{a}}j pnul ^n Sab` Cgzbus ug Uln}ujjb m~ Szb`

]bg" Ulj ia~ uafjs iacj nb Sjgzi as }jjcuje ul}gz`l a cj}uanb D}" ^n Sab`s

su}ab`j abe upnsuje m}anb" Ulj Fg}jab sz}}jainsu gju ^n Sab` enje nb 1>30 au

ulj a`j gh upjbu~$sjxjb ez}nb` ulj ljn`lu gh Kaabjsj cgigbnai }zij nb Fg}ja" Lj

ns cgbsnej}je a gju `jbnzs plg las }jcjnxje zb}jcjejbuje gsulzdgzs }jc$

g`bnungb" Nbejje) lj ns a d~ulnc cla}acuj} nb ulj Fg}jab inuj}a}~ sgcnju~" Szb`

]bg }jsjbus a sz}}jainsunc ia~ nbsn}je m~ u}absiaungbs gh ^n Sab`s gjds ulau

miz} inuj}a}~ `jb}js abe ejh~ su}zcuz}ai }zijs" Infj ^n Sab`s gjds) ]bgs ia~

ns dg}j amgzu auuj}bs) kz|uagsnungbs) abe j}dzuaungbs) abe ijss amgzu cgb$

xjbungbai sug}~ujiinb` abe cla}acuj} ejxjigdjbu" Ulj ul}jj cla}acuj}s) nejb$

unje as Mizj) ]je) abe @}jjb) cgddnu ug acungbs abe pg}es pnulgzu ulj `gai

ug cgddzbncauj g} ug hz}ulj} ulj igu6 }aulj}) gssnmninunjs a}j indnuijss nb plau

ulj~ cgzie mj g} mjcgdj" Ulj ia~ nusjih cgzie aisg mj dab~ ulnb`s) nbcize$

nb` a gsudgej}b asunclj gh ulj pg}ie fbgpb ug Szb` ]bg" G} nu cgzie mj)

as ulj uljauj} c}nunc Aead Fiashjie bgujs) ab nbxj}uje uaij gh ulj @}jjf d~ul

amgzu Nca}zs abe lns pnb`s" Mzu nu ns ziundauji~ amgzu ulj gjunc pg}ie gh

^n Sab` as nbuj}}juje abe }jc}jauje m~ ]bg" Ulj pg}f ns zbnqzj as ulj }su

Fg}jab Adj}ncab ia~ ug }jcjnxj a }ghjssngbai }gezcungb nb Fg}ja abe las

snbcj mjjb }jxnxje ulj}j) sjjb as ab j|jdia}~ e}adaun{aungb gh ^n Sab` abe

lns pg}f" A dakg} }jasgb hg} ulj ia~s accjuabcj nb Fg}ja las ug eg pnul uljhacu ulau ulj en}jcug} gh ulj g}n`nbai }gezcungb pas ulj hadje Adj}ncab Ijj


22/24

nbu}gezcungb

|| M}jzj}" Nb 1>>


23/24

nbu}ge

zcungb

||`igmain{aungb) mzu zbinfj F) plg ns lgjijss) slj ns a sz}xnxg} plg nda`nbjs

benb` lj}sjih au ulj jbe" Slj da~ laxj bg }ggus slj cab ciand) mzu slj cab

e}jad gh lanbjss abe lgj hg} ulj hzuz}j" Nu ns pnul ulns gundnsunc }jaenb`

gh ulj njcj ulau N }jsjbu ulj hgiigpnb` sjxjb ia~s h}gd ulj Fg}jab enasg}a

nb ulj Adj}ncas"

bgujS

1" Kzing Da}unbj{) D~ Un}je M}gfj Ass _gbuncaunb` Siasuncf Hzbf) Eani~ Xa}nju~

,Da}cl ==) =???.; 18"

=" Jznkggb Fnd) jdani ug ulj azulg}) A}ni 1=) =?1?"

3" Hg} ejuanis gh ulj nddn`}aungb gincnjs) sjj Pgb Dgg Lz}l) Ulj Fg}jab Adj}n$

cabs ,Pjsug}u) Cgbb"; @}jjbpgge _}jss) 1>>.) 5"

>" Hg} ejuanis gb ulj lnsug}~ gh ulj ) sjj ^zfg Fz}alasln) Asnab Adj}ncab Czi$

uz}j gb Sua`j; Ulj Lnsug}~ gh ulj Jasu Pjsu _ia~j}s ,Bjp ^g}f; @a}iabe) 1>>>." Hg} a

mng`}alncai suze~ gh Sggb$Ujf Gl) sjj d~ a}uncij U}absbaungbai Ij`nundn{aungb gh ab

Acug}; Ulj Inhj abe Ca}jj} gh Sggb$Ujf Gl)Dgej}b E}ada 5


24/24

nbu}gezcungb

|| 11" Hg} ab j|abeje suze~ gb Kjab ggb abe Fg}jab Cabaenab uljauj}) sjj d~ a}uncij

_aunjbu [j}g; Kjab ^ggb abe Fg}jab Cabaenab Uljau}j) nb Asnab Cabaenab Uljau}j)

je" Bnba Ijj Aqznbg abe ]nc Fbgpijs ,Ug}gbug; _ia~p}n`lus Cabaea) =?11."

1=" ^gzb` Kjab Ijj) Sgb`s gh ulj E}a`gb Hi~nb` ug Ljaxjb abe Gulj} _ia~s ,Bjp

^g}f; Uljau}j Cgddzbncaungbs @}gz) =??>." Hg} a ensczssngb gh ulj ia~Sgb` gh uljE}a`gb Hi~nb` ug Ljaxjb) sjj Fa}jb Slndafapa) ^gzb` Kjab Ijjs Z`i~ Hjjinb`s amgzu

]acj abe @jbej}) Pgdjb ( _j}hg}dabcj; A Kgz}bai gh Hjdnbnsu Uljg}~ 10) bg" 1 ,Da}cl

=??0.) 1?="

13" ]lacji S" _a}}jas abe Igf C" E" Snz) jes")Asnab Enaspg}as; Bj Hg}daungbs) Bj

Cgbcjpungbs ,Suabhg}e; Suabhg}e Zbnxj}snu~ _}jss) =??0."

15" N pgzie aee ulau ulj u}azda gh ulj Fg}jab Pa} las ajcuje Fg}jab nddn`}abus

nb gulj} a}us gh ulj pg}ie) nbcizenb` Kaab) Clnba) abe aii gh ulj Adj}ncas" @}acj D"

Clg) Lazbunb` ulj Fg}jab Enaspg}a; Sladj) Sjc}jc~) abe ulj Hg}`guujb Pa},Dnbbjag$

ins; Zbnxj}snu~ gh Dnbbjsgua _}jss) =???"ludi6 accjssje Kzi~ 1:) =?1?."

seven contemporary plays from the korean diaspora in the americas edited by esther kim lee

Documents