sexual intercourse,conception

SEXUAL INTERCOURSE

• COITUS OR COPULATION

• AT SOME POINT PENIS IS INSERTED INTO VAGINA

• SEXUAL RESPONSE CYCLE

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THE FOUR PHASES OF SEXUAL CYCLE

• EXCITEMENT

• PLATEAU

• ORGASM

• RESOLUTION


EXCITEMENT

• CAN BE INITIATED PHYSICALLY (TACTILE STIMULI)AND/OR PSYCHOLOGICALLY

• CLITORIS, SURROUNDING PERINEAL AREA AND PENIS ARE PRIMARY AREAS FOR THIS

• OTHER SENSITIVE AREAS MAY CONTRIBUTE IF STIMULATED, BREASTS, TESTICLES, ETC.

• ERECTION OF PENIS AND CLITORIS RESULT (CLITORIS IS A HOMOLOGUE OF THE PENIS)

• LUBRICATION FROM VAGINAL CAPILLARIES, GLANDS AT OPENING OF VAGINA AND PENIS PREPARE FOR INTERCOURSE


PLATEAU

• INTENSIFICATION OF CHANGES DURING EXCITEMENT PHASE

• HEART RATE AND BREATHING CHANGES• MUSCLE TENSION INCREASES• VAGINA TIGHTENS AROUND PENIS

HEIGHTENING SENSATION• UTERUS RAISES UPWARD CREATING

SPACE FOR EJACULATE


MALE ORGASM

• RHYTHMIC CONTRACTIONS DURING SEMEN EXPULSION

• INVOLUNTARY RHYTHMIC THROBBING OF PELVIC MUSCLES

• BREATHING AND HEART RATE INCREASED

• EMOTIONAL RESPONSE: RELEASE AND COMPLETE GRATIFICATION

• RESOLUTION PHASE INVOLVES SYMPATHETIC VASOCONSTRICTION

• A REFRACTORY PERIOD PREVENTS MULTIPLE ORGASMS IN

THE MALE


EPIDIDYMUS, VAS DEFERENS, URETHRA: EJACULATION

• ROUTE OF EXIT OF SPERM

• DUCTUS DEFERNS STORES SPERM

• DURING EMMISSION PHASE OF EJACULATION SPERM ARE EMPTIED INTO URETHRA BY SYMPATHETICALLY INDUCED CONTRACTIONS

• MOTOR NEURON INDUCED CONTRACTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES AT BASE OF PENIS EXPELL THE SEMEN DURING EXPULSION PHASE OF EJACULATION

• EJACULATION IS A PART OF ORGASM


FEMALE ORGASM

• PARALLELS THAT IN MALES WITH TWO EXCEPTIONS

• NO COUNTERPART TO EJACULATION

• NO REFRACTORY PERIOD-MULTIPLE ORGASMS POSSIBLE


SEX DETERMINATION AND DIFFERENTIATION

• SEX CHROMOSOMES X AND Y• 22 PAIRS AUTOSOMAL• 1 PAIR DETERMINES SEX: XX OR XY• FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT AND

EXTERNAL GENETALIA DEVELOP REGARDLESS

• TESTOSTERONE PRODUCES MALE CHARACTERISTICS

• EVIDENT AFTER 10 TO 12 WEEKSwww.freelivedoctor.com

MALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY

• DEPENDS ON TESTOSTERONE

• TESTICULAR LEYDIG CELLS SECRETE TESTOSTERONE

• TESTES DESCEND AND PASS OUT OF ABDOMINAL CAVITY


TESTOSTERONE: BEFORE BIRTH

• BEFORE BIRTH:MASCULINIZES REPRODUCTIVE TRACT AND EXTERNAL GENETALIA

• DESCENT OF TESTES

• CEASES AT BIRTH

• RETURNS AT PUBERTY


PUBERTY IN THE MALE

• USUALLY 10-14 YEARS OLD

• ENDOCRINE,PHYSICAL, AND BEHAVIORAL

• LEYDIG CELLS “AWAKE”


TESTOSTERONE: AT PUBERTY

• SPERMATOGENESIS

• ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS ENLARGE AND BECOME SECRETORY

• PENIS AND SCROTUM ENLARGE

• LIBIDO


EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE ON SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS

• HAIR GROWTH PATTERN

• DEEP VOICE

• THICK SKIN

• MALE BODY CONFIGURATION


OTHER EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE

• BONE GROWTH

• PROTEIN ANABOLIC EFFECT

• EVENTUALLY STOPS BONE GROWTH

• AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR(IN ANIMALS)

• MALE MENOPAUSE


CONTROL OF TESTICULAR FUNCTION

HYPOTHALAMUS

ANTERIOR PITUITARY

GRH +

TESTES SERTOLI

CELL

LEYDIGCELL

TESTOSTERONEINHIBIN

SPERMATOGENESIS

FSH LH


FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY

• CYCLIC

• OOGENESIS

• FERTILIZATION

• PREGNANCY

• DELIVERY

• MENOPAUSE


THE OVARIAN CYCLE

• FOLLICULAR PHASE

• LEUTEAL PHASE

• ONLY INTERRUPTED BY PREGNANCY

• ENDS AT MENOPAUSE


FOLLICULAR PHASE

• PRIMARY OOCYTE IS IN A PREPARATORY PHASE

• FIRST MEIOTIC DIVISION

• OVULATION

• ESTROGEN SECRETED FROM FOLLICLE


LEUTEAL PHASE

• AFTER OVULATION

• DEVELOPMENT OF CORPUS LUTEUM

• SECRETES PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN

• DEGENERATES AFTER 2 WEEKS IF NOT FERTILIZED


IF NOT FERTILIZED

• CORPUS LEUTEUM DEGENERATES• ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE LEVELS

FALL• MENSTRUAL PHASE INVOLVES

SLOUGHING OF PREPARED ENDOMETRIUM

• NEW CYCLE STARTS-NEW FOLLICLES DEVELOP AND BEGIN SECRETING ESTROGEN


CONTROL OF FSH AND LH SECRETION DURING FOLLICULAR PHASE

HYPOTHALAMUS

ANTERIOR PITUITARY

GRH +

OVARY

LOW LEVELS OF ESTROGENINHIBIN

FSH LH


CONTROL OF LH SURGE AT OVULATION

HYPOTHALAMUS

ANTERIOR PITUITARY

GNRH +

OVARY

HIGH LEVELS OF ESTROGENOVULATION

FSH LH

MATURE FOLLICLE


FEEDBACK CONTROL DURING LUTEAL PHASE

HYPOTHALAMUS

ANTERIOR PITUITARY

GNRH +

OVARY

HIGH LEVELS OF

PROGESTERONE

LH

CORPUS LUTEUM

MODERATE LEVELS OF ESTROGEN


FERTILIZATION

• IN OVIDUCT

• SPERM DEPOSITED IN VAGINA AT EJACULATION

• TRAVEL TO OVIDUCT TAKES A LITTLE OVER 1/2 HOUR

• CERVICAL CANAL IS OPEN DUE TO ESTROGEN BEING HIGH AND REMAINS OPEN TWO TO THREE DAYS

• SPERM ENTER UTERUS AND ARE CHURNED AROUND

• WHEN REACH OVIDUCT, SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS PROPELL THEM ONWARD

• MATURE EGG RELEASES A CHEMOTACTIC AGENT

• OUT OF SEVERAL HUNDRED MILLION ONLY A FEW THOUSAND MAKE IT

• TAIL OF SPERM MANEUVERS IT FOR FINAL PENETRATIONwww.freelivedoctor.com

HORMONES OF PREGNANCY

• PLACENTA IS ORGAN OF EXCHANGE

• PLACENTA SECRETES HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (HCG)-PROLONGS LIFE OF CORPUS LUTEUM

• ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE LEVELS EVEN HIGHER NOW

• AFTER 10 WEEKS PLACENTA TAKES OVER


PARTURITION

• POSITIVE FEEDBACK

• CERVICAL DILATION

• DELIVERY

• DELIVERY OF PLACENTA


LACTATION

• MAMMARY GLANDS OR BREASTS

• MILK PRODUCING GLANDS AND FAT

• ACTION OF ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE IS TO PREPARE GLANDS DURING PREGNANCY

• ALSO BLOCK PROLACTIN’S STIMULATION

• OXYTOCIN-MILK EJECTION

• SUCKLING TRIGGERS OXYTOCIN RELEASE


sexual intercourse,conception

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