Sexual Reproduction of Sexual Reproduction of AngiospermsAngiosperms

Adaptations of flowers to insure Adaptations of flowers to insure successful reproduction:successful reproduction:– Bright ColorsBright Colors– Scent Scent – Shape and SizesShape and Sizes

WHY?!?WHY?!? Attract animal pollinatorsAttract animal pollinators

Angiosperms…Angiosperms… Flowers that are not bright in color, Flowers that are not bright in color,

smell good, or good in shape and smell good, or good in shape and size rely on:size rely on:– WindWind– WaterWater– Indirect Pollination Indirect Pollination – Self PollinationSelf Pollination

Parts of a FlowerParts of a Flower1. Sepals

2. Petals 3. Stamen

4. Carpels

Parts of a flowerParts of a flower

(Carpels)

Petal

Parts of a FlowerParts of a Flower SepalSepal-outer most ring protect the -outer most ring protect the

petals when the flower is developingpetals when the flower is developing

Parts of a FlowerParts of a Flower PetalsPetals- 2- 2ndnd ring in, job is to attract ring in, job is to attract

pollinators, size and shape, and pollinators, size and shape, and fragrance.fragrance.

Parts of a Flower-StamenParts of a Flower-Stamen StamenStamen-3-3rdrd ring in, is the male ring in, is the male

reproductive structure.reproductive structure.

Parts of a Flower-StamenParts of a Flower-Stamen– AntherAnther: pollen structures that develop : pollen structures that develop

into pollen grains.into pollen grains.– FilamentFilament: supports the anther, stalk-: supports the anther, stalk-

likelike

Parts of a Flower-CarpelsParts of a Flower-Carpels CarpelsCarpels- inner most ring, female - inner most ring, female

reproductive structure.reproductive structure.

(Carpels)

Parts of a Flower-CarpelsParts of a Flower-Carpels--PistilPistil- 2 or more carpels fused together- 2 or more carpels fused together

A. A. StigmaStigma- top part of the pistil tip of style, - top part of the pistil tip of style, contains hairs to attract pollen grainscontains hairs to attract pollen grains

B. B. StyleStyle-Stalk-like, raises up from ovary -Stalk-like, raises up from ovary where pollen tubes are createdwhere pollen tubes are created

C. C. OvaryOvary-large base of pistil, -large base of pistil, ovulesovules are are found inside (female sex cells)found inside (female sex cells)

Parts of a Flower-CarpelsParts of a Flower-Carpels

Flower FactsFlower FactsMost flowers=hermaphroditesMost flowers=hermaphroditesSome=only 1 sex organSome=only 1 sex organ

Annual= plant every yearAnnual= plant every yearPerennials= come back each Perennials= come back each

yearyear

Plant ReproductionPlant Reproduction**See Figure 32-9 Pg. 633****See Figure 32-9 Pg. 633**

Ovules- form in ovary of pistilOvules- form in ovary of pistil Pollen Grains- form in anther of Pollen Grains- form in anther of

stamenstamen

Pollen GrainsPollen Grains

PollinationPollination Transfer of pollen from the anther to Transfer of pollen from the anther to

the egg in the ovary thru many the egg in the ovary thru many methodsmethods

Double Fertilization Double Fertilization Union of gametesUnion of gametes

1n1n pollen + pollen + 1n1n ovule= ovule= 2n2n zygote zygote

Zygote goes through mitosis to Zygote goes through mitosis to create the embryocreate the embryo

Double Fertilization Double Fertilization

1n1n pollen + pollen + 22 polar nuclei = polar nuclei = 3n3n endosperm endosperm

endospermendosperm for nourishment for embryofor nourishment for embryo used up by embryo as seeds mature used up by embryo as seeds mature

FruitFruit Mature ovaryMature ovary Made up of maternal tissueMade up of maternal tissue

PurposePurpose– Protect seeds and aid in dispersal Protect seeds and aid in dispersal – If too close together compete to surviveIf too close together compete to survive– Delays sprouting until correct conditions Delays sprouting until correct conditions

are availableare available

Types of FruitTypes of Fruit 1. 1. SimpleSimple

– Single ovary from a single flower formed Single ovary from a single flower formed from 1 pistil of 1 flowerfrom 1 pistil of 1 flowerEx. Dry vs. FleshyEx. Dry vs. Fleshy

– Peas, corn, wheat, cherry, apple, tomatoPeas, corn, wheat, cherry, apple, tomato

Types of FruitTypes of Fruit 2. 2. AggregateAggregate

– Formed from several pistils of a single Formed from several pistils of a single flowerflowerEx. Raspberry and StrawberryEx. Raspberry and Strawberry

Types of FruitTypes of Fruit

3. Multiple3. Multiple– Formed from several flowers growing Formed from several flowers growing

togethertogetherEx. Pineapples and FigsEx. Pineapples and Figs

Parts of a FruitParts of a Fruit(Pit)

(Flesh) (Skin)

Fruit and Seed DispersalFruit and Seed Dispersal

WindWind– Orchids= dust like seedsOrchids= dust like seeds– Dandelions= parachutesDandelions= parachutes

Fruit and Seed DispersalFruit and Seed Dispersal

AnimalAnimal– Seeds pass unharmed thru digestive Seeds pass unharmed thru digestive

tract (Feces + New Spot)tract (Feces + New Spot)– Carry seeds or fruit on or in themCarry seeds or fruit on or in them

Fruit and Seed DispersalFruit and Seed Dispersal

Water Water – Seeds or fruits contain air chambers that Seeds or fruits contain air chambers that

allow them to floatallow them to floatEx. CoconutEx. Coconut

Fruit and Seed DispersalFruit and Seed Dispersal GravityGravity

– Male cones on top facing down, female Male cones on top facing down, female facing upfacing up

– Sperm falls from seeds, cone fall off and Sperm falls from seeds, cone fall off and roll awayroll away