sfs fire behaviour of building linings

SFS Fire Behaviour of Building Linings

Alex Webb CSIRO Fire Safety Engineering 27 June2013

CSIRO. VU Scientific Principles for Fire Professionals - VQB5621 Topic 5

Case Study

•Station Nightclub, Rhode Island, USA •February 20, 2003 •More than 400 people inside •Live music venue •4 exits

•Brazil night club 27 Jan 2013


Station Nightclub


Station nightclub


Station nightclub fire outcome

100 people die


Station nightclub fire outcome

Owner pleads guilty to 100 counts of involuntary manslaughter

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DTS fire tests in BCA

• Wall and ceiling linings • ISO room corner test (ISO 9705) • Cone calorimeter (AS 3837)

• Flooring and floor coverings • Flooring radiant panel (ISO 9239.1)

• Flexible membranes • Flammability Test (AS 1530.2)

• Other items, including insulation, ductwork • Early Fire Hazard Test (AS 1530.3) • Ductwork fire hazard (AS 4254 requiring UL 181.9)

Data from any fire test can be used in a performance solution – provided the fire engineer understands its relevance and it is relevant for the application.


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DTS fire tests in BCA

• Wall and ceiling linings was AS 1530.3 • But developed in 1950s • Great for non polymers • Not so good for polymers • Cone calorimeter (AS 3837) • Got called up for walls • Then expanded to other systems


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ISO 9705 Room Corner Test


15

Large-scale calorimeters

100 min100 min

Pilot tube

To exhaustgas cleaning

Gas analysisLamp, photocell sytem

380

Opening3000 mm x 3000

Exhaust duct ø 400 mm

Opening ø 400 mm3500 min.

900

1050

3600

2400



AS ISO 9705 Room corner test

• Configuration • Material on 3 walls and ceiling, not just ceiling • Door open • Gas burner 100kW (0 – 10min), 300kW (10 – 20min)

• Measures • HRR – time to 1MW (Flashover) • Smoke (SMOGRA) • CO and CO2 and oxygen reduction • Thermal radiant flux • Additional if require

• Provides • Group number (4 bad, 1 good).


AS ISO 9705 Room corner test

• Group number • Flashover • 0 – 2minutes Group 4 – cannot be used • 2 – 10 minutes Group 3 – general • 10 – 20 minutes Group 2 – public corridors • No Flashover Group 1 – Every where • Smoke Growth Rate Index (SMOGRARC) <100

TABLE 1

WALL AND CEILING LINING MATERIALS (Materials Groups Permitted) BCA Building Fire isolated exits Public Corridors Specificareas Other Areas Class Wall/Ceiling Wall Ceiling Wall Ceiling Wall/Ceiling Class 2 & 3 Excluding accommodation for the aged, people with disabilities and children Unsprinklered 1 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 Sprinklered 1 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3

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Flashover in ISO 9705 room

Gas burner

Flashover approximately at 1 MW

(flames out of door)


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Room corner test data

Event times (s)MaterialIgnition

oflining

Hot layerdescendsto 1.9 m

Upper layertemperature

is 600°C

Rate of heatrelease is1 MW

Flamesout door

End ofexperi-ment

Aver. rateof smoke

production(m2/s)

Wallsa

R5,8 Plywood 20 ± 0 110 ± 10 115 ± 10 163 ± 13 150 ± 10 162 ± 18 1.81 ±0.02

R3 Plywood, FR 22 160 155 260 240 260 2.0

Ceilingsa

R6 Plywood 240 320 330 400 380 400 1.36R4 Plywood, FR 290 400 425 535 490 535 0.6

Walls and ceilingsR1 Plaster N N N N N 1200 0.32R7 Plywood 30 85 95 125 121 125 3.32



AS NZS 3837 Cone Calorimeter

• Alternative to AS ISO 9705 • See topic 7 • Can be used to predict the room fire test only if appropriate • Cheaper • Quicker • Can predict the ISO 9705 for most materials - kokkala • Test @ 50kW/m2

• Not for • Melting • Intumesce • Spall • Reflective surfaces

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Cone calorimeter

(continued) Not suitable for: • Complex specimens • Joints • Sandwich panels • Non-combustible surface • composites


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New Zealand requirements

Room fire test Different smoke calc Cone ISO 5660.1 with different test

end time. Duct materials also included.


CSIRO. VU Graduate Diploma in Building fire safety and risk engineering - VQB5751 Topic 7


• Prediction method • Can predict the ISO 9705 for most materials - kokkala • Data from cone • two predictors of material flammability behaviour are the • ignitability index, Iig.

• rate of heat release index, Iq



• Prediction method • For practical reasons, the time to ignition is typically taken to be

the point at which the rate of heat release, q″, reaches 50 kW m-2

• the ignitability index is essentially a surrogate for measuring thermal inertia (kρc)

• Based on a series of room/corner tests, a good discrimination between surface linings that cause flashover before and after 10 min when m = 0.34



• Prediction method • 10 min when m = 0.34



• Prediction method • 2 min when m = 0.93



• Types of materials



• Limitations • Type of material must be validated • Reflective surfaces no good • ACM group 3 • ACM with FR core group 2 • What does a test cover when there is a range of

products, thicknesses densities etc

30

Fires in trains


31

Train saloon experiment


32

Fire truck


Contact Us Phone: 1300 363 400 or +61 3 9545 2176

Email: [email protected] Web: www.csiro.au

Thank you

Fire Safety Engineering, Industrial Research Services Alex Webb Phone: 03 9252 6431 Email: [email protected] Web: www.csiro.au/services/industrial-research-services.htm


sfs fire behaviour of building linings

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