Министерство образования Республики Марий ЭлМуниципальное общеобразовательное учреждение

«Средняя общеобразовательная школа №29 г. Йошкар-Олы»

Обычаи и традиции Великобритании.

Церемония дня рождения Шекспира.

Выполнили: Самсонова Д. 9В

Толмачева И. 9В

Учитель: Леханова М.А.

2010г.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕСОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Часть 1. Биография Шекспира:Часть 1. Биография Шекспира:

Его жизнь, семья, деятельность, Его жизнь, семья, деятельность, театр.театр.

Часть 2. Церемония дня рождения Часть 2. Церемония дня рождения Шекспира.Шекспира.

Часть 1.Часть 1.

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare (1564-1616)(1564-1616)

William Shakespeare, William Shakespeare, the greatest English the greatest English poet andpoet and dramatist, dramatist, was born on April was born on April 23, 1564 in 23, 1564 in Stratford-(up) on-Stratford-(up) on-Avon, Warwickshire, Avon, Warwickshire, in England.in England. William Shakespeare

Not much is known of Not much is known of Shakespeare’s father, Shakespeare’s father,

John Shakespeare. He was John Shakespeare. He was a man of some importance a man of some importance in Stratford. He was one in Stratford. He was one of the town officers and a of the town officers and a

dealer in corn, meat, dealer in corn, meat, leather, and other leather, and other

products of the farm.products of the farm.The poet’s mother, Mary The poet’s mother, Mary

Arden, was one of the Arden, was one of the eight daughters of Robert eight daughters of Robert

Arden, a rich farmer in Arden, a rich farmer in the village of Wilmcote, the village of Wilmcote,

where the Arden where the Arden farmstead may still be farmstead may still be

seen.seen.

John Shakespeare

John Shakespeare and his wife lived in a well-built John Shakespeare and his wife lived in a well-built house of rough stone which was two storeys high house of rough stone which was two storeys high with small windows cut in the roof. The house is with small windows cut in the roof. The house is

standing. It is now a museum.standing. It is now a museum.

William Shakespeare was born here in a small room. William Shakespeare was born here in a small room. He was the eldest son and third child of the He was the eldest son and third child of the marriage. Very little is known about the life of marriage. Very little is known about the life of William, especially about his early years. At the age William, especially about his early years. At the age of seven William was sent to Stratford Grammar of seven William was sent to Stratford Grammar School where he studied for six years.School where he studied for six years.

Shakespeare’s house

Just what he did between Just what he did between his fourteenth and his fourteenth and

eighteenth year is not eighteenth year is not known. We know nothing known. We know nothing about these five years of about these five years of

his life.his life.

In 1577 a change came over In 1577 a change came over his father’s fortunes. John his father’s fortunes. John Shakespeare fell into debt Shakespeare fell into debt and had to sell the larger and had to sell the larger part of his property. part of his property. William was taken from William was taken from the school and for some the school and for some time had to help his father time had to help his father in the trade. He never in the trade. He never went to school again.went to school again.

When still at Stratford, Shakespeare became When still at Stratford, Shakespeare became well acquainted with theatrical well acquainted with theatrical performances. Stratford was often visited performances. Stratford was often visited by traveling companies of players. by traveling companies of players. Shakespeare may have also seen miracle Shakespeare may have also seen miracle plays in the neighbouring town of Coventry.plays in the neighbouring town of Coventry.

Actors of that time

In 1582, when little more In 1582, when little more than eighteen, William than eighteen, William married Anne Hathaway, married Anne Hathaway, a daughter of Richard a daughter of Richard Hathaway who belonged Hathaway who belonged to a well-respected to a well-respected yeoman family. Ann was yeoman family. Ann was eight years older than her eight years older than her husband and it is said that husband and it is said that the marriage was not a the marriage was not a happy one. In 1583 their happy one. In 1583 their daughter Susanna was daughter Susanna was born and in 1585 their born and in 1585 their twins named Hamnet and twins named Hamnet and Judith were born.Judith were born.

House Anne Hathaway

When William was abort twenty-one, He left When William was abort twenty-one, He left for London, where he had to go through for London, where he had to go through

many difficulties. Probably the first work he many difficulties. Probably the first work he did there was at one of the two theatres that did there was at one of the two theatres that there were in London at that time. Then he there were in London at that time. Then he became an actor and soon began to write became an actor and soon began to write

plays for the company of actors to which he plays for the company of actors to which he belonged. Very many of his plays were acted belonged. Very many of his plays were acted

in a London theatre called “The Globe”.in a London theatre called “The Globe”.

“The Globe”

Shakespeare wrote 37 plays Shakespeare wrote 37 plays altogether. He is also known as the altogether. He is also known as the

author of two poems and 154 author of two poems and 154 sonnets.sonnets.

There is a story that when Shakespeare There is a story that when Shakespeare reached London he went straight to the reached London he went straight to the theatre, determined to get work of theatre, determined to get work of some sort there; and that finding some sort there; and that finding nothing better to do, he began by nothing better to do, he began by holding the horses of the fine holding the horses of the fine gentlemen who came to see the plays. gentlemen who came to see the plays. It is said that a little later he was It is said that a little later he was employed to call out the names of the employed to call out the names of the actors and pieces, and after a time was actors and pieces, and after a time was given a small part to act. But the soon given a small part to act. But the soon showed that he could make himself showed that he could make himself mast useful in changing old plays which mast useful in changing old plays which the actors themselves could not do. the actors themselves could not do. Every old play that Shakespeare took in Every old play that Shakespeare took in hand, he made into something different hand, he made into something different and far better. Then he began to write and far better. Then he began to write plays himself.plays himself.

Часть 2.Часть 2.

SHAKESPEARE'S BIRTHDAY SHAKESPEARE'S BIRTHDAY CEREMONYCEREMONY

By an odd chance, England's greatest By an odd chance, England's greatest writer, William Shakespeare, was writer, William Shakespeare, was born on St. George's Day, 1564, in born on St. George's Day, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire, and also died on the saint's day in and also died on the saint's day in

1616. Every 23rd April is now a day 1616. Every 23rd April is now a day of special pageantry in Stratford. of special pageantry in Stratford.

The birthday always begins early in the The birthday always begins early in the morning with the ringing of the bells of Holy morning with the ringing of the bells of Holy Trinity Church where Shakespeare is buried. Trinity Church where Shakespeare is buried. Flags from many nations are unfurled, they Flags from many nations are unfurled, they are on all the shops and houses. Along the are on all the shops and houses. Along the main street about 100 tall poles have been main street about 100 tall poles have been

put up. Soon bugles are blown and then one put up. Soon bugles are blown and then one after another a flag appears at the top of after another a flag appears at the top of

each pole. Each flag is of a different country. each pole. Each flag is of a different country.

Flag of England on Holy Trinity

Church.

In the afternoon a band playing music and In the afternoon a band playing music and followed by many people marches up the followed by many people marches up the street. The Mayor leads a distinguished street. The Mayor leads a distinguished

procession to lay flowers on Shakespeare's procession to lay flowers on Shakespeare's grave at Holy Trinity Church. grave at Holy Trinity Church.

After seeing this ceremony many people go to After seeing this ceremony many people go to see the house where Shakespeare was born. see the house where Shakespeare was born. The house is still the same as it was when he The house is still the same as it was when he

lived in it. lived in it.

Holy Trinity Church where Shakespeare

is buried.

At night people go to the At night people go to the beautiful theatre by the side of beautiful theatre by the side of the River Avon. Here they see the River Avon. Here they see one of his plays acted by some one of his plays acted by some

of the greatest actors in the of the greatest actors in the country. And every night from country. And every night from April till October every seat in April till October every seat in this theatre is filled by people this theatre is filled by people from all parts of the world. from all parts of the world.

There is a very old hotel in Stratford There is a very old hotel in Stratford that was probably there in that was probably there in

Shakespeare's time. It has some Tudor Shakespeare's time. It has some Tudor beautiful tables and chairs; and the beautiful tables and chairs; and the

rooms have no numbers on the doors rooms have no numbers on the doors as most hotels have. Instead every as most hotels have. Instead every

room has the name of a Shakespeare's room has the name of a Shakespeare's play on it - the Hamlet room, the play on it - the Hamlet room, the

Romeo and Juliet room and so on. Romeo and Juliet room and so on.

Shakespeare was probably proud to Shakespeare was probably proud to celebrate his birthday on the feast of celebrate his birthday on the feast of great St. George. In one of his plays great St. George. In one of his plays

he shows how ordinary English he shows how ordinary English people were stirred by their brave people were stirred by their brave

patron saint. Just before his soldiers patron saint. Just before his soldiers go into battle, their King, Henry V, go into battle, their King, Henry V, tells them to shout: "God for Harry, tells them to shout: "God for Harry,

England and Saint George!England and Saint George!""

King Henry V

St. George