shaping a new nation chapter five. section one : experiment with confederation colonists …. 1.fear...
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Shaping a New NationShaping a New NationChapter Five
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Section OneSection One: : Experiment Experiment with Confederation with Confederation
Colonists ….1.Fear strong central government2.Believe democracy gives too much
power to uneducated3.Prefer republican form of
government-citizens rule through representatives
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State ConstitutionsState Constitutions
1. Limit power of the government2. Guarantee specific rights3. Stress liberty not equality
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Important issues……..Important issues……..
1. Representation – by state or population?
2. Supreme Power – can it be divided?
3. Western Lands – who gets them?
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RepresentationRepresentation
• Congress believed that it spoke for every state - each state gets one vote
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Articles of Articles of ConfederationConfederation
• Articles of Confederation – 1st plan of government – Confederation – loose union of
states – power remains shared b/t state and central gov’t (alliance)
– National government handles war, treaties, weights and measures, mail
– No executive branch or court system
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Western LandsWestern Lands
• Land Ordinance of 1785 creates plan for surveying western lands
• Northwest Ordinance of 1787 – plan for statehood out of territories
land_ceded.pdf
landord_1785.pdf
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Weaknesses with the Weaknesses with the Articles of Articles of
Confederation…Confederation…Problems:1. Cannot unify states2. Large debt from the war
weaknessconfed.pdf
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Section Two: Drafting the Section Two: Drafting the ConstitutionConstitution
• Articles of Confederation are too weak to hold the states together
Cannot levy or
collect taxes
No executive
All states must
agree to amendNo power to regulate trade
No court system to settle
disputes between states
One vote per state regardless of population
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United States of America
Articles of Confederation
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Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
Courts (Judicial Branch)
• The nation lacked a national court system.
Supreme Court
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Why did the Articles of Confederation fail?
President (Executive Branch)
• The nation did not have a President, or Chief Executive.
White House
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Shays’s Rebellion Shays’s Rebellion (p.140)(p.140)
Q. What was Shays’s problem?A. Heavy debt that he blamed on
high taxes and he was about to lose his farm.
Q. What did he try to do about it?R. Led an army to close the courts and
to try to capture the arsenal to begin a revolt.
Q. What was the result?A. It failed, however, it did call
attention to the fact that the government (central) was too weak and needed to be changed.
A mob of discontents seizing a courthouse during Shays’s Rebellion, an uprising in western Massachusetts.
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Call for a ConventionCall for a Convention
1. Draw a large circle
Focus
Constitutional convention
2. Read about the convention and highlights on page 141
3. Record facts in your focus
circle
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Founding Fathers??Founding Fathers??
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Delegates to the Constitutional Convention gatheringbefore the Pennsylvania State House (now, Independence Hall) in Philadelphia in 1787.
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Strong Central Gov’t vs. Strong states
Central government should have more power than the states
The states should remain stronger than the central gov’t
Key Conflicts in the Key Conflicts in the
Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention
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Key Conflicts in the Key Conflicts in the Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention
Big states vs. Small states
Congress – two houses based on population
Congress – one house based on equal representation
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Virginia PlanVirginia Plan
Proposed ….• Bicameral legislature (2 house
Congress)• Membership based on population…….favored large states
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New Jersey PlanNew Jersey Plan
Proposed…….• Unicameral legislature……(one
house)• Based on equal representation
(each state gets one vote regardless of population)
…….favored small states
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The GREAT CompromiseThe GREAT Compromise
• Also known as the Connecticut Compromise….determines a state’s representation in Congress
• Proposed a two house legislature - House of Representatives – based on
population - Senate – based on equal
representation
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Key Conflicts in the Key Conflicts in the Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention
North vs. South
• Slaves should not be counted for representation
• Slaves should be counted for taxation
•Slaves should be counted for representation•Slaves should not be counted for taxation
dist_slaves.pdf
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Issue of SlaveryIssue of Slavery
The issue of abolition was avoided for fear that Southern states would walk out and the government would collapse?
Should slaves be counted for…..taxation?
…..representation?
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Three-Fifths Three-Fifths CompromiseCompromise
• Proposed that 3/5 of each state’s slave population be counted for representation and taxation.
• Southern states still worried that Congress would find a way to end slavery
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Constitution and Constitution and CompromiseCompromise
Respond to this statement……
“The Constitution is a result of compromises.”
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Division of PowersDivision of Powers
Federalism….divides powers between the national government and state governments.
Federal State
Shared
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Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers
Separated powers into three branches of government…Checks and Balances: no one branch becomes too powerful…
Checks and Balances Flow Chart from George Cassutto's Cyberlearning World
Legislative Branch –
Makes the laws
Executive Branch –
Enforces the laws Judicial Branch
–
Interprets the laws
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Electing the Electing the President…..President…..
• What were the two main concerns about electing a President? P.144
Answer: The vote would be divided among regional candidates and the common people would vote the upper class out of power.
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Section 3: Ratifying the Section 3: Ratifying the ConstitutionConstitution
• Required at least nine states to ratify….
• Federalists – supported the new Constitution
• Anti-Federalists – opposed the Constitution
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The Arguments…..The Arguments…..
Contrast the arguments of the two groups…p.146
FederalistsFederalistsAntifederalistsAntifederalists
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The Federalist PapersThe Federalist Papers
• The Federalist was a series of 85 essays defending the Constitution and appeared in New York newspapers b/t 1787-1788
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The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights
• The Constitution did not protect individual rights….
• The Federalists promise the Anti-federalists a Bill of Rights will be added to the Constitution, guaranteeing individual rights
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The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights
• Create a graphic organizer that illustrates the Bill of Rights……
• P.149, P. 166